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MED 310 > extra > Flashcards

extra Flashcards

1
Q

what causes blood clotting

A

ca

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2
Q

what has ca sensor

A

chief cells

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3
Q

what do osteocytes arise from

A

entombed osteoblasts

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4
Q

central canal in bone

A

contains blood vessels

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5
Q

unit of bone

A

osteon

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6
Q

between osteocytes

A

lamella

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7
Q

holes around osteocytes

A

canaliculi

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8
Q

time of osteoclast activity

A

slower response time

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9
Q

calcitriol

A

bioactive vitamin D
1,12 OH2 vitamin D

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10
Q

what kind of hormone is vitamin D

A

steroid

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11
Q

what activates kidney hydroxylation enzyme

A

low ionized calcium and phosphate
PTH
prolactin during lactation

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12
Q

dose dependant resones and slow adn low lasting reposne to calcium

A

GI absorption

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13
Q

vitamin D and PTH

A

inc response of bone to PTH (resorption)

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14
Q

what causes hypoparathyroidsim

A

autoimmuen disease of physical damage to glands

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15
Q

symptoms of hypoparathyroidsm

A

inc neuromuscular excitability inc nerve permeability to NA
parasthersia
tetany
dangerous bc failure of respiration

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16
Q

secondary cause of hyperparathyroidism

A

renal disesase or vitamin d deficiency

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17
Q

what does hyperparathyroidism due to vitamin D deficiency cause

A

rickets in kids
osteomalacia in adults

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18
Q

activates more than 1000 genes

A

vitamin D

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19
Q

what causes osteoporosis

A

evey hormone is normal but inc osteoclast and decreases osteoblast

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20
Q

inhibits bone resorption by decreasing osteoclast activity

A

estrogen and calcitonin

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21
Q

source of glucose in brain during fast

A

protien

22
Q

primary energy resivoir

A

fat

23
Q

first energy source

A

glucose

24
Q

diabetes insipidus cause

A

ADH deficiency

25
Q

insulin absense- what does this cause

A

in type 1, glucagon glucose sensing fails so more glucose in blood

for treatment need insuliin and somatostatin

26
Q

AIC for normal

A

5%

27
Q

AIC for diabetic

A

6.5-7%

28
Q

target fasting glucose for diabetic

A

4-7

29
Q

target two hour glucose for diabetic

A

5-10

30
Q

normal fasting blood glucose range

A

less than 6

31
Q

what diabetes with metabolic disease

A

type 2

32
Q

what is the sensor for insulin release

A

beta cells

33
Q

TZDS fucntion

A

insulin sensitizing drugs for type 2
improved AIC and glucose control

34
Q

TZDS fucntion

A

insulin sensitizing drugs for type 2
improved AIC and glucose controlm

35
Q

mechanism of action for TZDS

A

inc fat storage reducing circulating FA, blood glucose and hyperinsulemai

36
Q

health risk of TZDS

A

bone density
cancer
CVD

37
Q

central fat

A

visceral

38
Q

peripheral fat

A

subcutaneous

39
Q

two control centres in hypothalamus

A

feeding centre and satiety centre

40
Q

4 types of input to hypothalamus

A
  1. cerebral cortex
  2. limbic system
  3. peptide hormones from GI
  4. adipokines from adipose tissue
41
Q

adipose tissue endocrin

A

it is endocrinologically active

42
Q

grhein, body fat and muscel mass

A

inc with decreased bod fat
inc with inc muscle mass

43
Q

metabolic syndrome

A

high blood glucose
high bp
high TG
low HDL
abdominal obesity

44
Q

how are exocrine hormones in pancreas secreted

A

pancreatic duct

45
Q

how are endocrine hormones of pancreas secreted

A

hepatic portal vein

46
Q

acts in paracrine fashion

A

somatostatin

47
Q

where does glut 4 put glucose

A

resting skeletal muscel and adipose

48
Q

activates enzymes that synthesze FA from glucseo

A

insulin

49
Q

what hormone has sympathetic activity

A

somatostatin

50
Q

increases ketone bodies and blod FA

A

glucagon

51
Q

what causes hypersecreiton of insulin

A

beta cell tumor
overdose of insulin

52
Q

what cuases tpye 1 diabetes

A

autoimmune destruction of beta cells

MED 310 (47 decks)

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