extra 6

Question 1

what do glucocorticoids stress response

Answer 1

decreases affinity of insulin response

Question 2

what does somatostatin do

Answer 2

inc sympathetic acivity
during exersice or acute stress
ensures glucose supply to brain and active muscle

Question 3

what increases glucose uptake by fat cells and resting skeletal muscle

Answer 3

insulin

Question 4

insulin on fat breakdown

Answer 4

inhibit lypolysis

Question 5

what is the source of glucose for the brain during a fast

Answer 5

protein

Question 6

what is the primary energy resivoir

Answer 6

fat

Question 7

what is the first energy source

Answer 7

glucose

Question 8

how much energy is in fat

Answer 8

two months

Question 9

what pancreatic hormones are released by exocytosis

Answer 9

endocrine

Question 10

alpha cells colour

Answer 10

light yellow

Question 11

beta cells colour

Answer 11

orange

Question 12

d cells colour

Answer 12

purple

Question 13

what does glucose absorption from digestive tract do to blood glucose

Answer 13

increases blood glucose

Question 14

major control of insulin secretion

Answer 14

glucose control

Question 15

what does insulin decrease

Answer 15

blood glucose, fatty acids, amino acids

Question 16

can glucose enter the cell without insulin

Answer 16

no

Question 17

down regulation vs affinity decreasing of insulin

Answer 17

down regulated by insulin
decreased affinity due to glucocorticoids and stress

Question 18

what activates enzymes that catalyze synthesis of FA from glucose

Answer 18

insulin

Question 19

what hormones are secreted when there is high amino acids

Answer 19

both insulin and glucagon

Question 20

what is the glucagon receptor

Answer 20

Gprotein coupled transmembrane protein
CAMP is the second messenger system

Question 21

what increses lypolysis

Answer 21

GH, epinephrine, cortisol

Question 22

what is the functional unit of striated muscle

Answer 22

sacromere

Question 23

what is the contractile element of muscle fibre

Answer 23

myofibril

Question 24

what is myosin

Answer 24

the part of the muscle that actually moves. has the myosin head

Question 25

what kind of tissue has one end plate per cell

Answer 25

skeletal muscle

Question 26

low threshold motor neurons

Answer 26

a2

Question 27

hight threshold motor neuron

Answer 27

a1

Question 28

what neurotransmitter is released by motor neuron action potential

Answer 28

acetylcholine

Question 29

where is acetylcholine released in skeletal muscle

Answer 29

in the motor endplate the space bw the nerve and muscle

Question 30

what does ach binding to its receptor in skeletal muscle cause

Answer 30

channel to open and let in Na and k out depolarization happens fast na channels produce AP AP transmitted down t tubule causing ca release from SR

Question 31

what increases the force of contraction

Answer 31

firing frequency

Question 32

what type of fibres have large amounts of myoglobin, mitochondria, blood supply,

Answer 32

a2- type 1- slow twitch

Question 33

which fibres are fatigue reistant, low work intensities, oxidative, marathon

Answer 33

slow twich fibres

Question 34

what fibres are activates at hig work intensities, fast shortening velocities, and fatigue more easily

Answer 34

fast twitch

Question 35

what are the two types of fast twitch

Answer 35

oxidatitive and glycolytic

Question 36

what type number are fast twitch

Answer 36

type 2

Question 37

elevation of camp, camp dependant kinases

Answer 37

inhibit myosin and actin cross bridging pharmacomechanical relaxation

Question 38

what happens with increased intracellular calcium

Answer 38

contraction of mooth muscle

Question 39

what is soley mediated by electromechanical coupling

Answer 39

skeletal and cardiac muscle contraction

Question 40

what releases ca from SR

Answer 40

IP3 receptors

Question 41

what ion do smooth muscles use to make AP

Answer 41

Ca

Question 42

What connects unitary smooth muscle cells

Answer 42

gap junctions

Question 43

what increases slow wave frequency

Answer 43

acetylcholine and parasypathetic via M3

Question 44

what decreases slow wave frequency

Answer 44

adrenaline and symapthetic via B2

Question 45

what does MLCK phosphorylate

Answer 45

myosin

Question 46

what does myosin phosphorylation lead to

Answer 46

actin myosin cross bridging

Question 47

what do intercalated discs contain

Answer 47

gap junctions in cardiac muscle

Question 48

what does the small ca influx due to na depolarization in atrical and ventricular cells do

Answer 48

triggers large release of ca from sarcoplasmic reticulum resulting in contraction

Question 49

what does the AP traveling through t tubule sysem activate in skeletal muscle

Answer 49

DHP which mechanically releases ca from SR

Question 50

what does the AP traveling through t tubule sysem activate in cardiac muscle

Answer 50

oepns voltage gated ca channels that allow ca in wich induces ca release from SR

Question 51

what receptors increase heart rate and what receptors slow it down

Answer 51

b1 m2

Question 52

what does stretching the cardiac muscle do

Answer 52

produces optimal orientation of actin myosin allowing GREATER CONTRACTILE FORCE

Question 53

sterlings law of the haert

Answer 53

more blood is more contractility and larger ejection fracion