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MED 310 > extra 6 > Flashcards

extra 6 Flashcards

1
Q

what do glucocorticoids stress response

A

decreases affinity of insulin response

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2
Q

what does somatostatin do

A

inc sympathetic acivity
during exersice or acute stress
ensures glucose supply to brain and active muscle

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3
Q

what increases glucose uptake by fat cells and resting skeletal muscle

A

insulin

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4
Q

insulin on fat breakdown

A

inhibit lypolysis

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5
Q

what is the source of glucose for the brain during a fast

A

protein

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6
Q

what is the primary energy resivoir

A

fat

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7
Q

what is the first energy source

A

glucose

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8
Q

how much energy is in fat

A

two months

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9
Q

what pancreatic hormones are released by exocytosis

A

endocrine

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10
Q

alpha cells colour

A

light yellow

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11
Q

beta cells colour

A

orange

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12
Q

d cells colour

A

purple

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13
Q

what does glucose absorption from digestive tract do to blood glucose

A

increases blood glucose

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14
Q

major control of insulin secretion

A

glucose control

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15
Q

what does insulin decrease

A

blood glucose, fatty acids, amino acids

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16
Q

can glucose enter the cell without insulin

A

no

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17
Q

down regulation vs affinity decreasing of insulin

A

down regulated by insulin
decreased affinity due to glucocorticoids and stress

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18
Q

what activates enzymes that catalyze synthesis of FA from glucose

A

insulin

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19
Q

what hormones are secreted when there is high amino acids

A

both insulin and glucagon

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20
Q

what is the glucagon receptor

A

Gprotein coupled transmembrane protein
CAMP is the second messenger system

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21
Q

what increses lypolysis

A

GH, epinephrine, cortisol

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22
Q

what is the functional unit of striated muscle

A

sacromere

23
Q

what is the contractile element of muscle fibre

A

myofibril

24
Q

what is myosin

A

the part of the muscle that actually moves. has the myosin head

25
Q

what kind of tissue has one end plate per cell

A

skeletal muscle

26
Q

low threshold motor neurons

A

a2

27
Q

hight threshold motor neuron

A

a1

28
Q

what neurotransmitter is released by motor neuron action potential

A

acetylcholine

29
Q

where is acetylcholine released in skeletal muscle

A

in the motor endplate
the space bw the nerve and muscle

30
Q

what does ach binding to its receptor in skeletal muscle cause

A

channel to open and let in Na and k out
depolarization happens
fast na channels produce AP
AP transmitted down t tubule causing ca release from SR

31
Q

what increases the force of contraction

A

firing frequency

32
Q

what type of fibres have large amounts of myoglobin, mitochondria, blood supply,

A

a2- type 1- slow twitch

33
Q

which fibres are fatigue reistant, low work intensities, oxidative, marathon

A

slow twich fibres

34
Q

what fibres are activates at hig work intensities, fast shortening velocities, and fatigue more easily

A

fast twitch

35
Q

what are the two types of fast twitch

A

oxidatitive and glycolytic

36
Q

what type number are fast twitch

A

type 2

37
Q

elevation of camp, camp dependant kinases

A

inhibit myosin and actin cross bridging
pharmacomechanical relaxation

38
Q

what happens with increased intracellular calcium

A

contraction of mooth muscle

39
Q

what is soley mediated by electromechanical coupling

A

skeletal and cardiac muscle contraction

40
Q

what releases ca from SR

A

IP3 receptors

41
Q

what ion do smooth muscles use to make AP

A

Ca

42
Q

What connects unitary smooth muscle cells

A

gap junctions

43
Q

what increases slow wave frequency

A

acetylcholine and parasypathetic via M3

44
Q

what decreases slow wave frequency

A

adrenaline and symapthetic via B2

45
Q

what does MLCK phosphorylate

A

myosin

46
Q

what does myosin phosphorylation lead to

A

actin myosin cross bridging

47
Q

what do intercalated discs contain

A

gap junctions in cardiac muscle

48
Q

what does the small ca influx due to na depolarization in atrical and ventricular cells do

A

triggers large release of ca from sarcoplasmic reticulum resulting in contraction

49
Q

what does the AP traveling through t tubule sysem activate in skeletal muscle

A

DHP which mechanically releases ca from SR

50
Q

what does the AP traveling through t tubule sysem activate in cardiac muscle

A

oepns voltage gated ca channels that allow ca in wich induces ca release from SR

51
Q

what receptors increase heart rate and what receptors slow it down

A

b1
m2

52
Q

what does stretching the cardiac muscle do

A

produces optimal orientation of actin myosin allowing

GREATER CONTRACTILE FORCE

53
Q

sterlings law of the haert

A

more blood is more contractility and larger ejection fracion

MED 310 (47 decks)

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