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MED 310 > action potential > Flashcards

action potential Flashcards

1
Q

physiology behind unique characterisics of nervous system

A
  1. rapid and specific propagation of signa
  2. integration, computation
  3. adaptation
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2
Q

what are neurons named based off of

A
  1. shape
  2. anatomical feature (where in body)
  3. neurotransmitter
  4. function
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3
Q

input zone of neurons

A

dendrites

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4
Q

integration zone of neurons

A

cell body

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5
Q

point of action potential initiation

A

axon hillock (trigger zone)

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6
Q

conducting zone

A

axon

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7
Q

output zone

A

axon terminal

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8
Q

sensory and motor neuron length

A

excede a meter

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9
Q

resting membrane potential

A

-50 to -70

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10
Q

megnitude of membrane potential

A

depends on degree of sepeartion of opposite charges

less potential- depolarized (less neg inside)

more potential- hyperpolarized (more neg inside)

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11
Q

molecules that can go thorugh the lipid bilayer

A

hydrophobic molecule- o2, co2, steroid
small (uncharged polar)- h20, glycerol, ethanol

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12
Q

molecules that can go thorugh the lipid bilayer

A

hydrophobic molecule- o2, co2, steroid
small (uncharged polar)- h20, glycerol, ethanols

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13
Q

is the lipid bilayer a good insulator

A

yes

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14
Q

what occurs during depolarization

A

Na and Ca into cell

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15
Q

what occurs during hyperplarization

A

K out and Cl in

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16
Q

what forms water filled pores

A

ion channels

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17
Q

what are the conducting and non conducting states of ion channels change called

A

gating

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18
Q

what do channel gates respond to

A

changes in membrane potential
ligand binding
mechanical forces

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19
Q

what ion channels are present in the cell body and dendrites and function

A

various not just na and k

synaptic potential and intrinsic excitability

20
Q

are ion channels evenly distribbuted in a neuron

A

no

21
Q

how does the sodlum gated cahnnel work

A

there is an activation gate and an incativation gate. the activation gate is closed at first and at threshold it opens rapidly and lets na in. then slow closing of inactivation gate happens and the state is inactivated and then it becomes closed state when the activation gate closes again. inactivated channels cannot reopen. fast activating and fast inactivating

22
Q

how does the potassium gated channel work

A

it has a closed and activated state and the openng at the threshold is delayed not rapid like sodium channel. its persistant

23
Q

threshold

A

start of action potential, point of no return

24
Q

what underlies the all or none nature of action potential

A

the fact that once threshold is reached, the positive feedback of Na channels activation begins and cannot be stopped (point of no return)

25
Q

what leads to potential reaching 0 mv

A

explosive depolarixation

26
Q

what happens when the action potentail reaches its peak

A

na inactivation gate begins to close and k gate opens

27
Q

what does membrane repolarixation lead to

A

na and k channels to return to closed state. both are available to open at next stimulation

28
Q

what does afterhyperpolarixation (ahp) do

A

makes it harder to elicit an action potential because the membrane is more hyperpolarized

29
Q

what is afterhyperpolarization

A

the little extra dip in membrane potential

30
Q

strong vs weak signals in all or none

A

high frequency

31
Q

different patterns in neuron firing

A

various ion channles that can induce various firing patterns

32
Q

how do action potential s not wane in size as potential propogates down the azon

A

bc it is regenerative

33
Q

what does the refractory period cause

A

prevents backward propagation of AP and limits action potential frequency

34
Q

conduction velocity is defined by

A

axon diameter
dnesity of na channels
myelin insulation
distance between the nodes of ranvier

35
Q

saltatory conduction

A

the jumping of action potentials from one node of ranvier to the next due to myelination of axon

36
Q

what provides myelin

A

glial cells

37
Q

glial cells in CNS and PNS

A

CNS- oligodendrocyte
PNS- schwann cell

38
Q

what does myelin consist of

A

tightly wrapped cell membrane

39
Q

myelin purpose

A

lessens the amount of leak across the membrane. myelin does NOT conduct current

40
Q

chronic pain axon type

A

unmyelinated thin axon

41
Q

Aa nerve fibre

A

proprioception (awareness of movement of body)
contraction of skeletal muscle (ALPHA MOTOR NEURON)

42
Q

AB nerve fibre

A

touch

43
Q

Ag nerve fibre

A

acute pain (sudden and sharp)

44
Q

C nerve fibre

A

chronic or dull pain, temperature, itch

45
Q

role of nodes of ranvier

A

regeneration and propagation of action potential

46
Q

rise and decay

A

rise- influx of na
decay- k efflux

47
Q

where is the highest density of na channels

A

axon hillock

MED 310 (47 decks)

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