extra

Question 1

how can we increase muscle contraction

Answer 1

inc a1- higher contractile forces- fast twitch
inc freq
inc motor neurons

Question 2

less myoglobin what kind of twitch

Answer 2

fast

Question 3

more myoglobin, more mitochondria (oxidative), low work intensities, fatigue resistant, slow shortening velocity

Answer 3

slow fibres

Question 4

fibre innervation by motor units

Answer 4

all fibres innervated by an individual motor unit have same fibre type but not both but the muscle contains both

Question 5

oxidative glycolytic

Answer 5

type 2 (fast twitch)

Question 6

glycolytic

Answer 6

type 2 (fast twitch)

Question 7

ocidative

Answer 7

slow twitch (type 1)

Question 8

glutamate ionotropic receptors

Answer 8

NMDA
AMPA
kianate

Question 9

GPCR glutamate receptor

Answer 9

metabotropic glutamate recepts

Question 10

acetylcholine ionotropic receptor

Answer 10

nicotinic

Question 11

acetylcholine GPCR receptor

Answer 11

muscranic

Question 12

what kkind of recepotrs are neuropeptide

Answer 12

GPCR

Question 13

model of plasma membrane structure

Answer 13

fluid mosaic model

Question 14

what moves in osmosi

Answer 14

just water

Question 15

tonic solutions refer to what

Answer 15

non peneratrating solutions

Question 16

Tm

Answer 16

transport maximum when carirer mediated diffusion is saturated and cant grow proportionally with concentration gradeint

Question 17

what causes na/K pump to change conformatioon

Answer 17

phsophorylation which also causes high afffinity sites for K to show

Question 18

what causes release of phosphate group

Answer 18

K binding releases p group

Question 19

what does the plasma membrane of all cells have

Answer 19

membrane potential

Question 20

membrane returning to rest after depolarizing

Answer 20

repolarization

Question 21

membrane becomes more polarized than resting

Answer 21

hyperpolarized. becomes more negative

Question 22

decrease in membrane potential

Answer 22

depolarization

Question 23

increase in membrane potetntial

Answer 23

repolarization and hyperpolarzation

Question 24

two types of channels

Answer 24

leak and gated channesl

Question 25

chemically or mechanilcally gated potentials

Answer 25

graded

Question 26

what occurs across the plasma membrane

Answer 26

current loss

Question 27

calcualtes resting potential of all ions that cross the membrane

Answer 27

GHK

Question 28

mediates rapid tramsmittion of informatino

Answer 28

AP

Question 29

what has conducting and non conducting states

Answer 29

ion channels also act as filters allowing only specific ions thorugh the membrane

Question 30

relies on voltage gated channesl

Answer 30

action potentials

Question 31

nderlies all or none resposne of APs

Answer 31

Na channes positive feedback

Question 32

leads na and k channels to return to closed state

Answer 32

membrane repolarization

Question 33

when is it harder to elicit an AP

Answer 33

during AHP

Question 34

why does hyperpolarizatin occur

Answer 34

bc k channesl are persistantly oopen

Question 35

what potential wane and what doesnt

Answer 35

graded wane bc current loss across membrane and not regenerative AP do not wane bc regenerative

Question 36

what prevents backwards propagation

Answer 36

K persistance in leaving makes it harder to elicit another AP