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female reproductive system Flashcards

1
Q

when is reproductive potential achieved

A

post puberty

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2
Q

what happens at puberty

A

endocrine surge, and onset of reproductive cycling potential

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3
Q

immature reproductive state for both sexes is when

A

at birth

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4
Q

when do female ovary contain lifetime supply of ova

A

at birth

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5
Q

what produces mature gametes for female

A

ovary which is a paired organ

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6
Q

what are the mature gametes in females

A

oocytes

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7
Q

what is the purpose of the reproductive tract in females

A

delivery of the ovulated oocyte and entrance of the male gametes (spermatozoa)

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8
Q

what is the reproductive organ of the female

A

uterus

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9
Q

what is the prupose of the uterus

A

supports embryonic developemnt (endometrium) and fetal delivery (myometrium)

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10
Q

what does the mullerian duct mature into

A

female reproductive tract

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11
Q

what does the female reproductive tract include

A

oviducts (fallopian tubes(, uterus, cervix, and vagina

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12
Q

oogonia

A

diploid cell population in the embryonic female ovary that undergoes mitosis to create lifetime pool of oca/ oocytes

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13
Q

oogenesis

A

process by which oocyte/ female gamete develops

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14
Q

haploid status

A

number of unique chromosomes

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15
Q

how many gametes does one cell produce in females

A

one

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16
Q

how many gametes does one cell produce in males

A

4 gametes

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17
Q

atresia

A

programmed cell death process for unselescted oocyte and its companion follicle cells

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18
Q

primary oocyte

A

diploid oocyte that has started process of meiosis but is arrested in meiosis 1 M1. N1 is copmleted before ovulation

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19
Q

secondary oocyte

A

haploid oocyte that has completed M1 and arrested in M2. it is the secondary oocyte that is ovulated

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20
Q

what is the starting cell of oogenesis

A

oogonium

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21
Q

when do primary oocytes enlarge

A

at puberty

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22
Q

when does mitotis proliferation of the oogonium occur

A

prior to birth

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23
Q

how many are ovulated

A

400

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24
Q

chromosome number and strand number of ovum

A

23/ haploid/ and single strand for both

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25
what triggers steroid production by cells of the ovary, follicle maturation, and oocyte ovulation
hypothalamus and anterior pituitary
26
HPG axis
hypothalamic- pituitary- gonadal axis
27
what hormone is connnected to HPG axis
GNRH FSH and LH
28
when is pubertal onset for girls
12 and getting younger
29
what are the ovarian steroid hormones
estrogen and progesterone
30
what cells does LH affect
thecal cells
31
what cells does FSH work on
granulosa cells
32
what do thecal cells do
cholesterol to androgen
33
what do granulosa cells do
androgen to estrogen
34
what is the fate of estrogen
secreted into the blood- effects throughout body remain in the follicle- contributes to antral formation
35
what does rising estrogen concentrations in the late follicular phase do
represses FSH selectively with inhibin= strong negative feedback for FSH stimulate LH release positive feedback leading to LH surge
36
What surrounds growing oocytes
martix, zona pellucida (ZP)
37
what do granulosa cells secrete
estrogen systematically and into the growing follicle; endometrium proliferase
38
what does the LH surge do
reinitiates meiosis in primary oocyte to the point of arrest in M2 arrests estrogen syntehsis in ganulosa cells- sudden conc drop triggers vascular changes via prostaglandins and swelling to promote follicle rupture and oocyte release (ovulation) remaining granulosa cells become rapidly lutenized producing estrogen and progesterone from stored cholesterol
39
what day is the ovulation phase
14
40
what happens in the ovulation phase
ovulated secondary oocyte has completed MI, arrested in M2 oocyte is surrounded by ZP and a halo of granulosa cells oocyte captured by fibrae of the oviduct
41
how is the fimbriae of the oviduct and the attatchment to the ovary
not a direct attatchement
42
what days are the early luteal phase
15-22
43
what happens during the early luteal phase
remaining granulosa cells lutenize and form the corpus luteum (yellow body) produce high levels of steroid hormones progesterone and estrogen; prepares the endometrilal layer ready for embryo to implant
44
what is the influence of estrogen and progesterone on the uterus
high estrogen conc in follicular phase primes the endometrium PR to respond to progesterone in the secretory phase
45
what happens in the secretory phase
the endometrial layer becomes loose and water filled, highly vascularized and glycogen loaded; suitable for embryo implantation
46
what is the myometrium
outer smooth muscle
47
what is the endometrium
inner lining of epithelial cells, blood vessels and glands
48
when is the late luteal phase
24-28
49
what happens during the late luteal phase
when no embryo implands, the corupus luteum has a finite period of hormone producing activity; degenerates to corpus albicans (white scar) and estrogen and progesterone levels falls reduced FSH and LH inhibtion, levels rise afain to restart the cycle endometrial layer is shed
50
fates of follicle number
majority is atretic and minority is ovulated
51
what happens when the majority of follicles drastically reduced
ovarian cycle becomes irregular and then cease leading to menopause
52
when does menopause occur
50yrs - female biological clock
53
what happens to estrogen during menopause
drastically reduced estrogen levels
54
what does reduced estrogen elvels lead to
end of fertility reduced bone building capacity reduced vasomotor control (hot flashes)
55
when is reprodutive potential acheieved
post birth
56
what is the reprodutive state at birth for both sexes
immature
57
what happens at puberty
endocrine surge and onset of reprodutive cycling/ potential
58
homolgous pairs seperated
meiosis I
59
sister chromatids separated
meiosis
60
how does an ovum become ovulated
leaves the mature follicle
61
what does the follicle develop into once ovum is ovulated
the corpus luteum
62
how many primary oocytes do we start with at birth
2 million
63
when is the first meiotic division finished of an oocyte
at puberty, one is selected
64
chromosome number once M1 completed
23 haploid, double strand
65
chromosome number after M2 completed
23 haploid single strand
66
what cuases production of steroid cells from ovary
hypothalamus and anterior pituitary hormones
67
what causes follicle maturation and oocyte ovulation
hypothalamus and anterior pituitary hormones
68
what secretes LH adn FSH
anterior pituitary
69
what kind of hormones are LH and FSH
peptide
70
what are the hormones of the ovary
estrogen and progesterone
71
what is the remenant of the ovulated oocyte
corpus luteum
72
lutenization effect of LH
lutenizes remainig granulosa cells which had their estrogen synthesis arrested leutinization of granulosa cells produces estrogen and progesterone from stores cholesterol
73
structure of ovulated oocyte
ZP surroudning and halo of granulosa cells
74
what does high levels of progesterone and estrogen lead to
prepareation of endometrium for embryo implant
75
what happnes in day 15-22
early luteal phase
76
when is there a estrogen and progesteron surge
early luteal phase
77
inner lining of epithelial cells
endometrium
78
outer smooth muscle
myometrium
79
what does estrogen do in follicular phase
primes endometrium for progesterone response
80
endometrium layer becomes loose and water filled and highly vasuclarized and glycogen loaded
secretory phase
81
why does the corpus luteum degrade
bc it only has a finite period of homrone producing actiivty
82
what does thete corpus luteum become when it degeneates
corpus albicans (white scar)
83
when does hte corpus luteum degenrate
late luteal phase in absence of implantation
84
hormone levels in late lutal phase
estrogen and progesterone levels drop
85
WHEN IS THE CORPUS LUTEUM FORMED
EARLY LUTEAL PHASE

MED 310 (47 decks)

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