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MED 310 > ANS > Flashcards

ANS Flashcards

1
Q

somatic nervous system

A

subject to voluntary control
innervates skeletal muscle with the exception of: diaphragm and some pharyngeal and upper esophageal muscles like swallowing

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2
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

involuntary branch of peripheral nervous system
innervates the heart, smooth muscle, most glands, and adipose tissue

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3
Q

special case of autonomic nervous system

A

trained spy can hide autonomous responses better than average joe

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4
Q

ANS and varicosities

A

ANS has many varicosities affecting the whole organ

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5
Q

ANS divisions

A

has two: sympathetic and parasympathetic that maintain the balance of organ systmes for different functional states

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6
Q

antagonistic control of ANS

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic have tonic activities meaning most internal organs are under antagonistic control of both divisions with one being excitatory and one being inhibitory

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7
Q

what happens when the body gets ready for exercise or threats

A

blood flow shunted to skeletal muscles and heart
bronchiles dialate
liver releases glucose
GI tract and urogenital systems inhibited

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8
Q

sympathetic nervous system roles

A

mobilizes body resources for activity- fight or flight system
4E’s
exercise
excitation
emergency
embarasement

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9
Q

role or parasympathetic system

A

promotes maintenance activities and conserves body energy

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10
Q

illustration of parasympathetic

A

person after a meal relaxing
blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate are low
Gastrointestinal tract activity is high
pupils are constricted

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11
Q

autonomic pathway neuron pathway

A

two neurons that synapse in an autonomic ganglion
CNS- preganglionic neuron- autonomic ganglion- postganglionic neuron- target tissue

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12
Q

autonomic control centres in the brain

A

sub cortical bc not conscious
hypothalamus
midbrain
pons
medulla
spinal chord

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13
Q

hypothalamus

A

water balance, temp, hunger

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14
Q

midbrain

A

pupillary reflex

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15
Q

pons

A

respiration
urinary bladder

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16
Q

medulla

A

respiration
cardiac
vomiting
swallowing

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17
Q

spinal chord

A

visceral reflex

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18
Q

what neurotransmitter relays impulses to postganglionic neurons

A

acetylcholine

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19
Q

what neurotransmitter do sympathetic nerves use at the target organ

A

norepinephrine

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20
Q

what neurotransmitter do parasympathetic nerves use at the target organ

A

acetylcholine

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21
Q

origins of sympathetic system

A

sympathetic pathways originate in the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal chord which provides sympathetic innervation of the entire body

T1-L2

22
Q

where are sympathetic ganglia found

A

primarily in two chains that run along either side of the bony vertebral column with additional ganglia along the descending aorta at the origin of major abdominal arteries

ex. celiac and mesentric ganglia

23
Q

sympathetic pre and postganglia

A

short preganglionic axons and long postganglionic axons. the ganglia are farther away from their target organs

24
Q

routes of pre ganglionic fibres

A

have several routes to reach their targets

25
Q

preganglionic fibres routes

A

enter the paravertebral sympathetic trunk (chain of ganglia)
-synapse in the trunk and postsynaptic fibers join somatic nerves to the body (vessels and sweat glands)
-through the trunk to cervical ganglia where they synapse to give rise to postganglionic fibers that innervate the head and thoracic viscera
-through the trunk to form splanchnic nerves which reach and synapse in the collateral ganglia to innervate abdominal viscera
-through the trunk to reach the adrenal glands
-synapse in the trunk and continue as sacral spanchnic nerve to pelvic organs

26
Q

collateral ganglia

A

celiac, mesenteric

27
Q

where are preganglionic sympathetic neurons

A

in spinal chord segments T1-L2

28
Q

what enters the ganglionic chain

A

presynaptic fibres- white ramus

29
Q

what joins the corresponding spinal nerves to targets

A

postganglionic fibres- grey ramus

30
Q

what serves as the postsynaptic symathetic neurons

A

adrenal medulla
-neurons do not have axons but instead release transmitters into the blood to circulate the body
-20% norepinephrine and 80% epinepherine

31
Q

what are the components of the parasympathetic system

A

cranial and sacral

32
Q

what cranial nerves innervate the salivary glands and eye muscles

A

III, VII, IX

33
Q

what is the vagus nerve and what does it do

A

CN X
descends and wanders through the thoracic and abdominal cavities inneravting all viscera there

34
Q

what is the sacral chord and what does it do

A

S2-4 gives rise to parasympathetic fibres that innervate the pelvic organs

35
Q

do the cranial nerves join the somatic nerves

A

no and as a result peripheral arterioles and sweat galnds are innerated by sympathetic nerves only

36
Q

what percentage of parasympathetic fibres does the vagus nerve contain

A

75%
parasympathetic innervation to all visceral organs except for the pelvic organs

37
Q

what provides parasympathetic innervation to the pelvic organs

A

the sacral cord s2-4

38
Q

where are parasympathetic ganglia located

A

either in or near their target organs
long preganglionic axons and short postganglionic axons

39
Q

how does sympathetic nerves dialate arterioles in skeletal muscle byt constict vessels in gut? parasympathetic slow down heart but speed up gut?

A

the diversity of cholinoceptors and adrenoceptors on target organs forms the basis of different response patterns

40
Q

how do receptor subtypes work to produce diversified responses

A

they are structurally related to bind and respond to same transmitter but they are coupled with different cellular proteins and induce different signalling cascades for dramatically different effects

41
Q

adrenergic receptors and their subtypes

A

bind to norepinephrine and epinephrine
alpha receptors- subtypes a1 and a2
beta receptors- subtypes B1,B2,B3

42
Q

where is a1 present and what does it do

A

in arterioles and excitatory

43
Q

where is b1 and what does it do

A

in heart and excitatory

44
Q

where is b2 and what does it do

A

in bronchiles and skeletal muscles and inhibitor

45
Q

muscarinic receptors

A

all effector cells stimulated by postganglionic cholinergic fibres (parasympathetic fibres to target organs)

acetylcholine at these receptors can be inhibitory or excititory dependig on subsypes M1,M2,M3

46
Q

M1 + M3 receptor and what it does

A

excitatory and present in exocrine glands and GI smooth muscles

47
Q

M2 and what it does

A

inhibiotry and present in heart and bladder

48
Q

what adrenogenic receptors are used in sympathetic response

A

a1- arterioles- excitatory
b2- skeleal and bronchioles dialate-inhibitory- more blood flow and oxygen

49
Q

bladder in parasympathetic response

A

is inhibited by M2 in muscranic receptors which are due to aceetylcholine

50
Q

receptor subtypes responding differently to same neurotrasmitter

A

coupled to diffrerent cellular proteins and induce different signalling cascades for different effects

MED 310 (47 decks)

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