RANDOMS Flashcards
VIRION
an entire virus particle, consisting of an outer protein shell called a capsid and an inner core of nucleic acid
FONDAPARINUX
Heparin type
Prevents blood clots
IV or SubQ
alpha granules (plts) releases
fibrinigon
factor 5
vWF
plt growth factor
Dense granules (plts) releases
ADP/ATP
Calcium
Seratonin
a specialized from of hyphal elements (root)
RHIZOIDS – rhizoids are a specialized from of hyphal elements that grow like roots from larger hyph
syncytium
a multinucleated cell that can result from multiple cell fusions of uninuclear cells
Happens when RSV fuses (F protein) with itself
The first members of the serpin superfamily to be extensively studied were the human plasma proteins _______
Antithrombin and Antitrypsin
What neurotransmitter does sweating?
ACh
Limits of immune survalence
Non random cancers
Nude mice rarely have rumors
The steps of immune editing
Elimination.
Equilibrium
Escape
CTLA-4 and PD1 are notable for?
Checkpoint inhibitors.
Downregute cytotoxic activity
Tumor Associated Antigen
Antigens not normally found on normal cells (possibly by over expression alone)
Tumor specific antigen
Caused by tumor mutation, making no two tumors exactly alike (if present)
Carcinoembrryonic Antigen
Found in colon cancer often
Oncofetal gene
Differentiation Antigens
Most frequently IDd TAA. OVER EXPRESSED TUMOR PROTEIN
Ex
Her 2.
Colon antigen
Expressed uniquely on malignant clone.
Ex:
Surface B cell markers
CTL Cells
CD8, sees MHC 1
Secret IFNgama–> attracts macs
Th1 cells
CD4 cell
Attracts M1s
Helps activate CTL
M2 and tumors
Tumors seem to be protected by M2
Natural killer cells
Large Lymphocyte
If MHC 1 decreases (like in tumors) then NKs increase
Do antibodies help in the fight against tumors?
Not so much.
A prolonged bleeding time indicates a disorder of: ________?
primary hemostasis, due to platelet dysfunction or thrombocytopenia.
Treats or prevents blood clots in patients with bleeding problems caused by another medicine called heparin.
Argatroban
a drug that reverses the anticoagulant effects of heparin by binding to it.
Protamine sulfate
stimulates release of von Willebrand factor and factor VIII from endothelial stores.It will temporarily increase levels of those factors 3 to 5 times.
Desmopressin (DDAVP)
Factor VIII concentrate if von Willebrand factor isn’t there for factor VIII to bind to, it will be ________ and won’t help at all.
rapidly degraded
key enzyme responsible for clot digestion
Plasmin
________ renders resistance to proteolysis by activated protein C (APC)..This then tips the balance of the coagulation system slightly in favor of increased thrombin generation/procoagulation
Factor V Leiden mutation
-leads to increased risk of thrombosis
released by the rupture of the plasma membrane, which destroys the cell and results in the secretion of the product into the lumen.
Holocrine
The sebaceous gland is an example of a ______ because its product of secretion (sebum) is released with remnants of dead cells
holocrine gland
Apoeccrine glands are primarily located where
Genital area
inked to human papilloma virus (HPV) infection.
a neoplastic skin disease; it can be considered as an early stage or intraepidermal form of squamous cell carcinoma.
Bowen’s disease (squamous cell carcinoma in situ)
Trichophyton rubrum
presents with annular, scaly patch
is a dermatophytic fungus
most common cause of athlete’s foot, fungal infection of nail, jock itch, and ringworm worldwide
