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BL/DD USMLE and Basics > RANDOMS > Flashcards

RANDOMS Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

VIRION

A

an entire virus particle, consisting of an outer protein shell called a capsid and an inner core of nucleic acid

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2
Q

FONDAPARINUX

A

Heparin type
Prevents blood clots
IV or SubQ

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3
Q

alpha granules (plts) releases

A

fibrinigon
factor 5
vWF
plt growth factor

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4
Q

Dense granules (plts) releases

A

ADP/ATP
Calcium
Seratonin

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5
Q

a specialized from of hyphal elements (root)

A

RHIZOIDS – rhizoids are a specialized from of hyphal elements that grow like roots from larger hyph

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6
Q

syncytium

A

a multinucleated cell that can result from multiple cell fusions of uninuclear cells

Happens when RSV fuses (F protein) with itself

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7
Q

The first members of the serpin superfamily to be extensively studied were the human plasma proteins _______

A

Antithrombin and Antitrypsin

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8
Q

What neurotransmitter does sweating?

A

ACh

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9
Q

Limits of immune survalence

A

Non random cancers

Nude mice rarely have rumors

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10
Q

The steps of immune editing

A

Elimination.
Equilibrium
Escape

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11
Q

CTLA-4 and PD1 are notable for?

A

Checkpoint inhibitors.

Downregute cytotoxic activity

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12
Q

Tumor Associated Antigen

A

Antigens not normally found on normal cells (possibly by over expression alone)

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13
Q

Tumor specific antigen

A

Caused by tumor mutation, making no two tumors exactly alike (if present)

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14
Q

Carcinoembrryonic Antigen

A

Found in colon cancer often

Oncofetal gene

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15
Q

Differentiation Antigens

A

Most frequently IDd TAA. OVER EXPRESSED TUMOR PROTEIN

Ex
Her 2.

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16
Q

Colon antigen

A

Expressed uniquely on malignant clone.

Ex:
Surface B cell markers

17
Q

CTL Cells

A

CD8, sees MHC 1

Secret IFNgama–> attracts macs

18
Q

Th1 cells

A

CD4 cell
Attracts M1s
Helps activate CTL

19
Q

M2 and tumors

A

Tumors seem to be protected by M2

20
Q

Natural killer cells

A

Large Lymphocyte

If MHC 1 decreases (like in tumors) then NKs increase

21
Q

Do antibodies help in the fight against tumors?

A

Not so much.

22
Q

A prolonged bleeding time indicates a disorder of: ________?

A

primary hemostasis, due to platelet dysfunction or thrombocytopenia.

23
Q

Treats or prevents blood clots in patients with bleeding problems caused by another medicine called heparin.

A

Argatroban

24
Q

a drug that reverses the anticoagulant effects of heparin by binding to it.

A

Protamine sulfate

25
Q

stimulates release of von Willebrand factor and factor VIII from endothelial stores.It will temporarily increase levels of those factors 3 to 5 times.

A

Desmopressin (DDAVP)

26
Q

Factor VIII concentrate if von Willebrand factor isn’t there for factor VIII to bind to, it will be ________ and won’t help at all.

A

rapidly degraded

27
Q

key enzyme responsible for clot digestion

A

Plasmin

28
Q

________ renders resistance to proteolysis by activated protein C (APC)..This then tips the balance of the coagulation system slightly in favor of increased thrombin generation/procoagulation

A

Factor V Leiden mutation

-leads to increased risk of thrombosis

29
Q

released by the rupture of the plasma membrane, which destroys the cell and results in the secretion of the product into the lumen.

A

Holocrine

30
Q

The sebaceous gland is an example of a ______ because its product of secretion (sebum) is released with remnants of dead cells

A

holocrine gland

31
Q

Apoeccrine glands are primarily located where

A

Genital area

32
Q

inked to human papilloma virus (HPV) infection.

a neoplastic skin disease; it can be considered as an early stage or intraepidermal form of squamous cell carcinoma.

A

Bowen’s disease (squamous cell carcinoma in situ)

33
Q

Trichophyton rubrum

A

presents with annular, scaly patch
is a dermatophytic fungus
most common cause of athlete’s foot, fungal infection of nail, jock itch, and ringworm worldwide

BL/DD USMLE and Basics (55 decks)

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