DD- Virology of Ebola Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

Ebola

A

rare and deadly disease caused by infection with a strain of Ebola virus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Ebola causes

A

Hemorrhage from DIC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Filoviruses

A

encode their genome in the form of single-stranded negative-sense RNA.

2 members are Ebola virus and Marburg virus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

20% of people with ebola in recent outbreak are

A

health care workers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Ebola usually comes from

A

epizootic cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Ebola often is caused by ____ (animal)

A

fruit bat

which can spread to other animals/humans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Ebola outbreaks result from spillover events from animal reservoirs with subsequent ____________ transmission

A

human-to-human

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Ebola Structure

A

Enveloped, negative-strand RNA, replicates in the cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Ebola Enters body through:

A

mucosal surfaces or cuts to the skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Ebola initially enters phagocytic cells, sends signal for more cells to come, which facilitates infecting those cells; also spreads efficiently when cells go to lymph nodes, which allows ebola to infect more _________

A

immune cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

After someone is infected with ebola, it is believed that he/she is________from future
infections; antibodies found out to 10 years after infection

A

protected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Antibody response to the surface glycoprotein on ebola is associated with ____

A

better survival

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Ebola initially enters phagocytic cells, sends signal for more cells to come, which facilitates infecting those cells; also spreads efficiently when cells go to _______, which allows ebola to infect more immune cells

A

lymph nodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Ebola has many ways to evade the human immune system

A

Glycoprotein (surface)
Glycoprotein (secreted)
VP35 and VP24

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

EBOLA:
Masks antibody binding sites/ highly variable/dispensible

Physically blocks the MHC and other cell surface proteins in order to block their role in triggering an immune response

A

Glycoprotein (surface)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Ebola initially enters ________, sends signal for more cells to come, which facilitates infecting those cells; also spreads efficiently when cells go to lymph nodes, which allows ebola to infect more immune cells

A

phagocytic cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

EBOLA:

secreted by the cell, act as decoys; antibodies against ______ aren’t very good at neutralizing the virus

A

Glycoprotein (secreted)

18
Q

EBOLA:
both interfere with the cell’s interferon production, which plays a role in signaling for “help” and also inhibits the cell from apoptosis

A

VP35 and VP24

19
Q

Initial cytokine release signaling for more immune cells to come to the area of initial infection, helps:______

A

ebola to spread

20
Q

______ is the genetic material for Ebola

A

RNA

21
Q

Found on viral envelope (also a secreted form)

Function: attachment and entry, key for pathogenicity

A

Glycoprotein = GP

22
Q

Main part of virion/matrix, plays a role in virus structure, stability, assembly and budding

A

VP40:

23
Q

Assembly, budding, nucleocapsid assembly, immune defense

A

VP24

24
Q

Form the nucleocapsid (capsule around the genetic material/nucleus)

A

Nucleocapsid and nucleoprotein = VP30 and nucleoproteins

25
Q

Ebola spead/infection

A

Only need a few virions for infection

Travels in immune cells (white cells) to regional lymph nodes where it replicates and spreads throughout the body

26
Q

In the cell, ebola induces a massive:

A

“cytokine storm”

These molecules destroy vessel walls, also induce disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) - shock
Causes a dysregulated immune response

27
Q

Get leakage of fluids and blood leading to severe fluid losses and possibly bleeding
Hypovolemic shock
Organ failure due to hypovolemia and/or direct destruction from virus

A

Effects of Ebola in vessel cell walls

28
Q

People Die from ebola with________ +/- end-organ failure

A

hypovolemia

(Don’t die from hemorrhage)

Patients can lose 5-10 liters of fluid/day through “effluent” (vomit, diarrhea)

29
Q

hypovolemia

A

state of decreased blood volume

30
Q

These molecules destroy vessel walls, also induce disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) - shock
Causes a dysregulated immune response

A

“cytokine storm”

31
Q

Effects of Ebola in vessel wall

A

Get leakage of fluids and blood leading to severe fluid losses and possibly bleeding
Hypovolemic shock
Organ failure due to hypovolemia and/or direct destruction from virus

32
Q

Interfere with a cell’s signaling pathway that alerts immune cells that it’s infected

A

VP35 and VP24

33
Q

EBOLA Incubation is _______days after exposure, but usually 6-10 days

– NOT contagious until symptomatic

A

2-21

34
Q

monoclonal antibodies against 3 targets on GP

A

Zmapp

Drugs for Ebola

35
Q

targets DNA viruses, nucleotide analogue, found to have in vitro efficacy against Ebola; a few of those treated in the US received it

A

Brincidovovir

Drugs being studied for ebola

36
Q

under development in Japan for influenza, nucleotide analogue for RNA

A

Favipiravir

Drugs being studied for ebola

37
Q

Ebola Rx

Management is symptomatic by

A
o Fluid repletion
o Electrolyte corrections
o Renal replacement, ventilation
o Need critical care
o Need to isolate patients
38
Q

Symptoms of Ebola

A

GI, fever, fatigue/weakness; very similar to

other illness which are common (malaria, typhoid, dysentery)

39
Q

After initial Ebola infection of phagocytes, then goes to infect many other cells/organs
in the body including:

A

endothelial cells
liver
spleen
lungs

40
Q

EBOLA: Once in the cell, induces a massive cytokine storm –
cytokines and similar
molecules destory vascular endothelium, induce _________

A

disseminated intravascular coaculation (DIC)