BL- COAG 2

Question 1

Antithrombin: A serpin

Answer 1

serine protease inhibitor

inhibits coagulation

Question 2

Does antithrombin only inhibit thrombin?

Answer 2

NO

2a and 10a also

Question 3

A highly sulfated glycosaminoglycan

A commonly used anticoagulant

Acts as a cofactor for antithrombin

Answer 3

Heparin

Heparan sulfate, a related compound, produced by endothelial cells (masts and basos)

Question 4

Another Vitamin K-dependent serine protease

Activated by thrombin

Inactivates Factor Va and Factor VIIIa

Protein S is a cofactor

Answer 4

Protein C

Question 5

Factor V Leiden: A mutation of factor V that makes it resistant to ________ by protein C

Answer 5

inactivation

*“APC resistance.”

Question 6

a small protein molecule that inactivates several enzymes of the coagulation system.

Answer 6

Antithrombin

Question 7

Protein C inactivates

Answer 7

Factor Va and Factor VIIIa

Question 8

performs these operations primarily by proteolytically inactivating proteins Factor Va and Factor VIIIa.

Answer 8

Protein C

Question 9

Common risk factor for venous thromboembolism

Answer 9

Factor V Leiden

A mutation of factor V
*“APC resistance.”

Question 10

A proteinase inhibitor
Constitutively expressed by endothelial cells

Inhibits extrinsic tenase by binding and inactivating the complex

Answer 10

Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor (TFPI)

Question 11

Anticoagulation mechanisms

Answer 11

• Antithrombin
• Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor (TFPI)
• Factor V Leiden
• Protein C
• Heparin

Question 12

genetically inherited disorder of blood clotting. ___________ is a variant of human factor V that causes an increase in blood clotting (hypercoagulability)

Answer 12

Factor V Leiden

Question 13

a single-chain polypeptide which can reversibly inhibit Factor Xa (Xa).

Answer 13

Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor (TFPI)

Question 14

a process that prevents blood clots from growing and becoming problematic.[1] This process has two types

Answer 14

Fibrinolysis- Key enzyme: Plasmin

Question 15

Plasmin

Answer 15

Derived from plasminogen through cleavage by tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) or urokinase (u-PA)

Question 16

Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 (PAI-1)

Answer 16

Binds to t-PA and u-PA and inactivates them

Question 17

an important enzyme present in blood that degrades many blood plasma proteins, including fibrin clots.

Answer 17

Plasmin

Question 18

serpin that functions as the principal inhibitor of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and urokinase (uPA), the activators of plasminogen and hence fibrinolysis (the physiological breakdown of blood clots).

Answer 18

Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 (PAI-1)

Question 19

important fibrin degreadation products

Answer 19

D Dimer

Question 20

Inhibition of Fibrinolysis

Answer 20

Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 (PAI-1)

a2- antiplasmin

thrombin- activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor

Question 21

a serine protease inhibitor (serpin) responsible for inactivating plasmin, an important enzyme that participates in fibrinolysis and degradation of various other proteins.

Answer 21

Alpha 2-antiplasmin

Question 22

An exopeptidase involved in Inhibition of Fibrinolysis

Answer 22

Thrombin-Activatable Fibrinolysis Inhibitor (TAFI)

Question 23

a fibrin degradation product (or FDP), a small protein fragment present in the blood after a blood clot is degraded by fibrinolysis.

Answer 23

D Dimer

Question 24

α2-Antiplasmin

Answer 24

Another serpin

Binds to plasmin and inactivates it

Question 25

____ is used in some cases of diseases that feature blood clots, such as pulmonary embolism, myocardial infarction, and stroke, in a medical treatment called thrombolysis

Answer 25

Therapeutic tPA

Question 26

In resting state, _______tends to prevent clotting

Answer 26

Endothelium

Question 27

Produces heparan sulfate

Answer 27

Endothelium Resting state

Question 28

Endothelium Exposure of tissue factor

Answer 28

With vessel damage, promotes clot formation

Question 29

Expresses thrombomodulin → protein C activation

Answer 29

Endothelium Resting state

Question 30

With vessel damage, _______promotes clot formation

Answer 30

Endothelium

Question 31

Release of von Willebrand factor from Weibel-Palade bodies of the endothelial cells

Answer 31

With vessel damage, endothilum promotes clot formation

Question 32

Expresses TFPI

Answer 32

Endothelium Resting state

Question 33

von Willebrand factor

Answer 33

a blood glycoprotein involved in hemostasis primary function is binding to other proteins, in particular factor VIII, and it is important in platelet adhesion to wound sites

Question 34

Exposure of subendothelium, leading to platelet adhesion and activation

Answer 34

With vessel damage, endothilum promotes clot formation

Question 35

Binds to subendothelium via collagen, von Willebrand factor, and other proteins

Answer 35

Role of the platelet

Question 36

Forms a platelet plug at the site of injury

Answer 36

Role of the platelet

Question 37

Synthesizes t-PA and u-PA

Answer 37

Endothelium Resting state

Question 38

Release of substances that cause vasoconstriction

Answer 38

With vessel damage, endothilum promotes clot formation

Question 39

With activation, exposes anionic phospholipids that act as a surface for coagulation to take place

Answer 39

Role of the platelet

Question 40

Synthesizes PGI2 (prostacyclin) and nitric oxide → vasodilitation

Answer 40

Endothelium Resting state

Question 41

Releases multiple substrates for coagulation

Answer 41

Role of the platelet

Question 42

Metabolizes ADP (platelet agonist) to AMP + adenosine (platelet inhibitor)

Answer 42

Endothelium Resting state

Question 43

a blood glycoprotein involved in hemostasis primary function is binding to other proteins, in particular factor VIII, and it is important in platelet adhesion to wound sites

Answer 43

Von Willebrand factor's

Question 44

is Von Willebrand factor's an enzyme?

Answer 44

No- It is NOT an enzyme and, thus, has no catalytic activity.

Question 45

dRVVT

Answer 45

``` good if prolonged aPTT activates factor 10 if SLE (antiphoslipid) this test wont change ```

Question 46

APS | Antiphospholipid SLE

Answer 46

must ave positive AB panal 6 weeks apart in setting of miscarriage or thrombosis

Question 47

Labs for DIC

Answer 47

``` Fibrinogen D-Dimer CBC PT aPTT ```

Question 48

How do you ALWAYS treat DIC

Answer 48

Treat the underlying disorder

Question 49

``` Prolonged PT Greatly prolonged PTT Prolonged thrombin time Low platelet count Low fibrinogen level Increased fibrin split products Increased D-dimer ```

Answer 49

Labs for DIC