BL- CRYSTALS

Question 1

CRYSTAL ARTHRITIS

Answer 1

a heterogeneous group of diseases in which tissue deposition of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals occurs due to hyperuricemia

-MSU supersaturation of extracellular fluids

Question 2

recurrent attacks of severe acute or chronic articular and periarticular inflammation.

Answer 2

Gouty arthritis:

Question 3

aggregated deposits of MSU occurring in joints, bones, and soft tissue.

Answer 3

Tophi:

Question 4

renal interstitial, glomerular, and/or tubular deposition of MSU crystals.

Answer 4

Gouty nephropathy:

Question 5

(kidney stones).

Answer 5

Uric acid nephrolithiasis

Question 6

_____usually refers to acute or chronic arthritis secondary to MSU crystals. Hyperuricemia without symptoms is referred to as “asymptomatic hyperuricemia,” not gout.

Answer 6

Gout

Question 7

Elevated serum uric acid level without gouty arthritis, tophi, or uric acid nephrolithiasis. A serum urate level is elevated when it exceeds the limit of solubility of MSU in serum. At 37 C, the saturation value of MSU in serum is 7.0 mg/dl; a value above this represents supersaturation of MSU.

Answer 7

Asymptomatic hyperuricemia

Question 8

Abrupt onset of an exquisitely painful, warm, red, swollen joint often during the night or early morning. The metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint of the great toe is involved most often (termed podagra) followed by the insteps, ankles, heels, knees, wrists, fingers, and elbows. Early attacks often spontaneously resolve over 3-10 days.

Answer 8

Acute Gouty Arthritis

Question 9

Gout usually refers to acute or chronic arthritis secondary to MSU crystals. Hyperuricemia without symptoms is referred to as________ not gout.

Answer 9

“asymptomatic hyperuricemia”

Question 10

The asymptomatic intervals between acute attacks of gout

Answer 10

Intercritical gout

Question 11

Development of subcutaneous, synovial, or subchondral bone deposits of MSU crystals. Tophi commonly occur on the digits of the hands and feet, olecranon bursa, extensor surface of the forearm, Achilles tendon, and less commonly, the antihelix of the ear.

Answer 11

Chronic Tophaceous Gout

Question 12

Gout is predominantly a disease of adult men typically occurring after the age of 30 with a peak incidence in the fifth decade. In females, gout occurs after_________ .

Answer 12

menopause

Question 13

Hyperuricemia can result from:

Answer 13

increased production

decreased renal excretion of urate

Question 14

The majority of patients (90%) with primary gout are underexcretors of _____

Answer 14

uric acid

Question 15

Urinary uric acid excretion occurs through a four compartment model

Answer 15

glomerular filtration

pre-secretory reabsorption

secretion back into the tubule

post-secretory reabsorption

Question 16

Gout is predominantly a disease of _______ typically occurring after the age of 30 with a peak incidence in the fifth decade. In females, gout occurs after menopause.

Answer 16

adult men

Question 17

CALCIUM PYROPHOSPHATE DIHYDRATE DEPOSITION DISEASE (CPDD)

Answer 17

CPDD is a type of arthritis associated with the release of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) crystals into the joint space and chondrocalcinosis (calcified joint cartilage).

Question 18

Pseudogout is the term used to describe an acute episodic arthritis due to

Answer 18

CPPD crystal