First Aid Pathology

Question 1

Apoptosis

Answer 1

Programmed cell death
No inflammation

Cell shrinkage
Nuclear shrinkage
membrane blebbing
nuclear fragmenting

Question 2

Necrosis

Answer 2

enzymatic degradation and protein denaturing from exogenous injury

Inflammatory process

Question 3

Reversible cell injury

Answer 3

decreased atp synth 
cell swelling
chromatin clumping 
fatty changes 
ribosomal detachment

Question 4

Irreversible Cell injury

Answer 4

Ca influx (caspase activation)
Plasma membrane damage
Lysosomal rupture
mitochondria permeability

Question 5

Inflammation characteristics

Answer 5

rubor- reddness
dolor- pain
calor- heat
tumor- swelling

Question 6

Vascular inflammation response

Answer 6

increased vascular permeability

endothelial injury

Question 7

Cellular inflammation response

Answer 7

neutrophils leave circulation to injury 
Cause inflammation by:
Phagocytosis 
degranulation 
inflammatory mediator release

Question 8

Acute Inflammation indicators

Answer 8

neurophiles
eosinophils
antibody mediated

Question 9

Chronic Inflammation indicators

Answer 9

destruction and repair 
Blood vessel proliferation 
Fibrosis 
Macrophages/giant cells
(mononuclear cell mediated)

Question 10

Free radical cell injury

Answer 10

membrane lipid peroxidation
protein modification
DNA damage

Question 11

Transudate

Answer 11

specific graviety <1.02

hypocellular/protein poor

Question 12

Exudate

Answer 12

specific graviety >1.02

Cellular/protein rich