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BL/DD USMLE and Basics > DD-Dermatology and the Epidermis > Flashcards

DD-Dermatology and the Epidermis Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

the structure and functions of the skin

A

Skin is the largest organ

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2
Q

Fitzpatrick Skin Types

A 
1- Never tans, always burns
2- Tans with difficulty, usually burns
3- Average tanning, sometimes burns
4- Easily tans, rarely burns
5- Very easy to tan, very rarely burns
6- Never burns
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3
Q

Top 5 Skin Diseases

A 
Eczema 
Acne 
Bacterial skin diseases 
Viral 
Urticaria
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4
Q

melanocyte pigment cells which produce melanin packaged in granules called_________to protect from UV light

A

melanosomes

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5
Q

black to brown pigment

A

Eumelanin

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6
Q

yellow to red-brown pigment

A

Pheomelanin

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7
Q

melanosomes smaller and distributed in clusters above the nucleus in the keratinocyte

A

Light Skin

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8
Q

melanosomes larger and distributed individually throughout the cytoplasm of the keratinocyte

A

Dark Skin

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9
Q 
1- Never tans, always burns
2- Tans with difficulty, usually burns
3- Average tanning, sometimes burns
4- Easily tans, rarely burns
5- Very easy to tan, very rarely burns
6- Never burns
A

Fitzpatrick Skin Types

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10
Q

DUE TO TYPE OF MELANIN PRODUCED, AS WELL AS SIZE AND DISTRIBUTION OF MELANOSOMES

A

Skin Pigmentation

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11
Q

ABSENCE OF MELANOCYTES

A

Vitiligo

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12
Q
  • Decoration/Beauty
  • Barrier
  • Vitamin D synthesis
  • Water Homeostasis
  • Thermoregulation
  • Insulation/Calorie Reservoir
  • Touch/Sensation
A

Functions of the Skin

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13
Q

Dark Skin

A

melanosomes larger and distributed individually throughout the cytoplasm of the keratinocyte

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14
Q

Light Skin

A

melanosomes smaller and distributed in clusters above the nucleus in the keratinocyte

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15
Q

Autoimmune destruction of melanocytes

Acquired depigmentation

Commonly seen in periorificial and acral locations

Microscopic finding is a complete absence of melanocytes

A

Vitiligo

ABSENCE OF MELANOCYTES

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16
Q

-Water Homeostasis
-Thermoregulation
example?

A

Sweat

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17
Q

Vitamine D can come from?

A

Diet

UVB/skin

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18
Q

Epidermis

A

the outer layer of cells covering an organism

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19
Q

Base of Epidermis

A

Melanocytes

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20
Q

Langerhans Cell

A

APC of Epidermis

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21
Q

Innermost layer of the epidermis
Contains small round cells called basal cells
Location of Stem Cells

A

BASAL CELL LAYER

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22
Q

Attachment point of basal cells to the basal lamina of the dermal epidermal junction

A

Hemidesmosomes

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23
Q

predominant cell type in the epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin, constituting 90% of the cells found there.

A

KERATINOCYTES

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24
Q

acute or chronic autoimmune skin disease, involving the formation of blisters

A

Bullous Pemphigoid

AB to Hemidesmosomes

25
Q

Appears spiny due to the fact that the cells are held together with spiny projections.

The thickest layer of the epidermis, just above the basal layer

A

Stratum SpinosumSPINY CELL LAYER

26
Q

______ produce keratin, a tough protective protein that makes up the majority of the structure of skin, hair and nails.

A

Keratinocytes

FORM SKIN BARRIER

27
Q

Desmosomes

A

attachment between Keratinocytes

28
Q

Pathology: INTRAepidermal blisters

A

Pemphigus Vulgaris

29
Q

Cells in this layer start to loose their nuclei

Prominent keratohyalin granules contain filaggrin which cross links keratin in the formation of the cornified cell envelop

A

Stratum Granulosum

GRANULAR CELL LAYER

30
Q

Made up of dead and desquamating keratinocytes

Breakdown of filaggrin forms Natural moisturizing factor which binds H2O to keep skin moist

A

Stratum Corneum

CORNEOCYTE CELL LAYER

31
Q

__________ is a filament-associated protein that binds to keratin fibers in epithelial cells

A

Filaggrin

w/o this, weak barrier. dry skin

32
Q

Small cells associated with nerve endings in epidermis.

seem to be involved in neural development and tactile sensation.

A

Merkel cells

33
Q

is only present in thick skin where it helps reduce friction and shear forces between the stratum corneum and stratum granulosum.

A

Stratum Lucidum

CLEAR CELL LAYER

34
Q

Flat lesion

A

macule- small

patch- large

35
Q

Raised Smooth lesion

A

papule
plaque
cyst
nodule

36
Q

Raised Scaly lesion

A

papule with scale/plaque with scale

37
Q

Fluid Filled lesion

A

vesicle/bulla/pustule

38
Q

Redness lesion

A

erythema
erythroderma
telangiectasia

39
Q

Purpura lesion

A

ecchymoses
petechiae
palpable purpura

40
Q

Discrete, solid, elevated body
Less than 1.0 cm in diameter
May be further classified by surface change
Scale, Crust

A

Papule

41
Q

Solid, flat-topped, elevated area of skin
Greater than 1.0 cm and broader than thick
May be further classified by surface change

A

Plaque

42
Q

Firm and well-defined lesion
May be dermal or subcutaneous
Greater than 1.0 cm

A

Nodule

43
Q

Surface Changes

A

Crust

Scale

44
Q

Fluid filled cavity or elevation
Form within or just below epidermis
Less than 1.0 cm in diameter

A

Vesicle

45
Q

Fluid filled “blister”

Greater than 1.0 cm in diameter

A

Bulla

46
Q

Circumscribed elevation that contains pus
Less than 1.0 cm in diameter
Color usually whitish-yellow

A

Pustule

47
Q

Localized, blanchable redness

Caused by increased blood flow

A

Erythema

48
Q

Generalized, blanchable redness

Caused by increased blood flow

May be associated with desquamation or extensive scaling

A

Erythroderma

49
Q

Visible, persistent, dilation of small, superficial cutaneous blood vessels

A

Telangiectasias

50
Q

Flat discoloration of skin or mucous membranes
Due to extravasation of blood
Color transitions over time and ranges from blue-black, brown-yellow, or green

A

Ecchymoses (Bruise)

51
Q

Tiny 1-2mm (pinpoint spots)
Resulting from tiny hemorrhages
Color is red or violaceous

A

Petechiae

52
Q

Raised and palpable discoloration

Due to vascular inflammation and extravasation of red blood cells (vasculitis)

Color is red or violaceous

A

Palpable Purpura

53
Q

A thinning of epidermal, dermal or subcutaneous tissue

A

Atrophy

superficial or dermal

54
Q

Localized loss of epidermal or mucosal epithelium

Causes can include injury or denuding of vesicle or bulla roof (removal)

A

Erosion

55
Q

Circumscribed loss of epidermis and at least upper dermis

A

Ulcer

56
Q

A deep linear crack or cleavage

Found in areas of thickened skin

A

Fissure

57
Q

“Scab”
Adherent, thick, dry crust
Causes can include trauma, infection or excoriating skin disease
Color is black

A

Eschar (Crust)

58
Q

Regions where opposing skin surfaces come in contact that may cause friction- Skin Folds

A

Extensive Distribution: Intertriginous

59
Q

Pertaining to the skin surface overlaying muscles that flex joints, such as biceps

A

Flexural

BL/DD USMLE and Basics (55 decks)

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