DD- COMMON SKIN CANCERS Flashcards
Occurs more frequently in fair skinned individuals in geographic areas with higher UV exposure
UV radiation is the most common cause of BCC
Also occur after ionizing radiation, arsenic or polycyclic hydrocarbon exposure
Non-melanoma Skin Cance
rRISK FACTORS
Hedgehog Alterations in BCC: The majority of BCCs have a loss of function of PTCH1 which normally acts to block:
smoothened (SMO) a transmembrane protein
Vismodegib, an inhibitor of _____, was approved for the treatment of advanced BCC
smoothened
Non-melanoma Skin Cancer
RISK FACTORS
Occurs more frequently in fair skinned individuals in geographic areas with higher UV exposure
UV radiation is the most common cause of BCC
Also occur after ionizing radiation, arsenic or polycyclic hydrocarbon exposure
The majority of BCCs have a loss of function of ______ which normally acts to block smoothened (SMO) a transmembrane protein
PTCH1
*Hedgehog Alterations in BCC
_______ an inhibitor of smoothened, was approved for the treatment of advanced BCC
Vismodegib,
Basal cell carcinomas are generally cured with
surgery
smoothened
a G protein-coupled receptor that is a component of the hedgehog signaling pathway .
______ Approved for metastatic or inoperable BCCs
Vismodegib
(a chemotherapy)
Not a first line therapy
the most common precancer
Approximately 65% of all squamous cell carcinomas and 36% of all BCCs arise in lesions that previously were diagnosed as ______
Actinic Keratosis
Intraepidermal neoplasia
Actinic KeratosisTREATMENT
Cryosurgery- Liquid nitrogen (boiling point of -196 C)
Topical Chemotherapy
Photodynamic therapy
Sun protection
Second most common cutaneous malignancy
Occur much more commonly in immunosuppressed pts, especially organ transplant pts
Squamous cell carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma risk factors
UV damage thermal injury radiation HPV burn scars (Marjolin’s ulcer) chronic injury (i.e. EB)
Squamous cell carcinoma
SUBTYPES
SCC in situ (Bowen’s disease)
Keratoacanthoma
Invasive SCC
in situ
in epidermis
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the ___ are more aggressive
lip
Malignant Melanoma
ABCD Guidelines
A = Asymmetry B = Border irregularity C = Color variegation D = Diameter greater than 6 mm E = Evolution (or change)
Topical 5-fluoruracil Topical Imiquimod Cryosurgery Electrodessication and Curettage Excision Mohs micrographic surgery Radiation these are all?
Non-melanoma Skin Cancer
TREATMENT
most common form of cancer for young adults 25-29 years old and the second most common form of cancer for young people 15-29 years old
Melanoma
Malignant Melanoma
ABCD Guidelines
A = Asymmetry B = Border irregularity C = Color variegation D = Diameter greater than \_\_\_\_\_\_\_mm E = Evolution (or change)
6 mm
FAMMM
Genetic
100% chance of melanoma
SPF stands for
Sun Protection Factor
Clarks Levels
I Epidermis II Papillary Dermis III Mid Dermis IV Reticular Dermis V Subcutaneous fat
Malignant MelanomaClinical Variants
Superficial spreading
Nodular
Lentigo maligna melanoma
Acral lentiginous
Malignant MelanomaTreatment
Surgical excision
Endothelial malignancy triggered by HHV-8
Slowly progressive
Incidence 0.05 per 100,000 population in the USA
AIDS – Associated
Kaposi’s Sarcoma
Kaposi’s SarcomaTHERAPY
Radiation Therapy
Excision
Interferon alpha
Chemotherapy
Breslow Depth
Measurement in mm of tumor invasion
**Number one prognostic for melanoma
__________ often appear as flat, firm, pale areas or as small, raised, pink or red, translucent, shiny, waxy areas that may bleed after minor injury.
Basal cell carcinomas
Basal cell cancer begins in the lowest layer of the epidermis, called the:
basal cell layer
Basal cell carcinomas arise from pluripotential cells due to mutations in the
hedgehog pathway
BRAF mutation is in most
moles.
also in many melonams
Vemurafenib is a useful treatment in melenoma for pts with ______
BRAF mutation
_______ may appear as growing lumps, often with a rough surface, or as flat, reddish patches that grow slowly.
Squamous cell carcinoma
People do not often die of these cancers. About 1,000 to 2,000 people die of this
Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC)
_______ accounts for about 3% of skin cancer cases but causes a large majority of skin cancer deaths
Melanoma
Melanoma may arise within a previously existing nevus or dysplastic nevus, but approximately 70% of the time, they arise:
de novo
The most important indicator of prognosis for all subtypes of melanoma is the ________, which is the maximal thickness of tumor invasion
Breslow depth
the ______, describes how far a melanoma has penetrated into the skin instead of actually measuring it
Clark level
SPF only reflects
UVB
SPF 15 means?
it takes 15 times longer to burn
One shot glass full of _____ should be used everyday
sunscreen, although tequila is nice too
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation damages _____. Most UV radiation comes from sunlight/tanning booths
DNA
Standard Treatment Options for Patients With Stage IV and Recurrent Melanoma
- Immunotherapy:
- Signal transduction inhibitors
- Chemotherapy.
- Palliative local therapy.
