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BL/DD USMLE and Basics > DD- COMMON SKIN CANCERS > Flashcards

DD- COMMON SKIN CANCERS Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Occurs more frequently in fair skinned individuals in geographic areas with higher UV exposure
UV radiation is the most common cause of BCC
Also occur after ionizing radiation, arsenic or polycyclic hydrocarbon exposure

A

Non-melanoma Skin Cance

rRISK FACTORS

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2
Q

Hedgehog Alterations in BCC: The majority of BCCs have a loss of function of PTCH1 which normally acts to block:

A

smoothened (SMO) a transmembrane protein

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3
Q

Vismodegib, an inhibitor of _____, was approved for the treatment of advanced BCC

A

smoothened

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4
Q

Non-melanoma Skin Cancer

RISK FACTORS

A

Occurs more frequently in fair skinned individuals in geographic areas with higher UV exposure

UV radiation is the most common cause of BCC

Also occur after ionizing radiation, arsenic or polycyclic hydrocarbon exposure

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5
Q

The majority of BCCs have a loss of function of ______ which normally acts to block smoothened (SMO) a transmembrane protein

A

PTCH1

*Hedgehog Alterations in BCC

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6
Q

_______ an inhibitor of smoothened, was approved for the treatment of advanced BCC

A

Vismodegib,

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7
Q

Basal cell carcinomas are generally cured with

A

surgery

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8
Q

smoothened

A

a G protein-coupled receptor that is a component of the hedgehog signaling pathway .

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9
Q

______ Approved for metastatic or inoperable BCCs

A

Vismodegib
(a chemotherapy)

Not a first line therapy

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10
Q

the most common precancer

Approximately 65% of all squamous cell carcinomas and 36% of all BCCs arise in lesions that previously were diagnosed as ______

A

Actinic Keratosis

Intraepidermal neoplasia

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11
Q

Actinic KeratosisTREATMENT

A

Cryosurgery- Liquid nitrogen (boiling point of -196 C)
Topical Chemotherapy
Photodynamic therapy
Sun protection

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12
Q

Second most common cutaneous malignancy

Occur much more commonly in immunosuppressed pts, especially organ transplant pts

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

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13
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma risk factors

A 
UV damage
 thermal injury
radiation
HPV
burn scars (Marjolin’s ulcer)
 chronic injury (i.e. EB)
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14
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma

SUBTYPES

A

SCC in situ (Bowen’s disease)
Keratoacanthoma
Invasive SCC

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15
Q

in situ

A

in epidermis

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16
Q

Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the ___ are more aggressive

A

lip

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17
Q

Malignant Melanoma

ABCD Guidelines

A 
A = Asymmetry
B = Border irregularity 
C = Color variegation 
D = Diameter greater than 6 mm
E = Evolution (or change)
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18
Q 
Topical 5-fluoruracil
Topical Imiquimod
Cryosurgery
Electrodessication and Curettage
Excision
Mohs micrographic surgery
Radiation
these are all?
A

Non-melanoma Skin Cancer

TREATMENT

19
Q

most common form of cancer for young adults 25-29 years old and the second most common form of cancer for young people 15-29 years old

A

Melanoma

20
Q

Malignant Melanoma
ABCD Guidelines

A = Asymmetry
B = Border irregularity 
C = Color variegation 
D = Diameter greater than \_\_\_\_\_\_\_mm
E = Evolution (or change)
A

6 mm

21
Q

FAMMM

A

Genetic

100% chance of melanoma

22
Q

SPF stands for

A

Sun Protection Factor

23
Q

Clarks Levels

A 
I Epidermis
II Papillary Dermis
III Mid Dermis
IV Reticular Dermis
V Subcutaneous fat
24
Q

Malignant MelanomaClinical Variants

A

Superficial spreading
Nodular
Lentigo maligna melanoma
Acral lentiginous

25
Q

Malignant MelanomaTreatment

A

Surgical excision

26
Q

Endothelial malignancy triggered by HHV-8
Slowly progressive
Incidence 0.05 per 100,000 population in the USA
AIDS – Associated

A

Kaposi’s Sarcoma

27
Q

Kaposi’s SarcomaTHERAPY

A

Radiation Therapy
Excision
Interferon alpha
Chemotherapy

28
Q

Breslow Depth

A

Measurement in mm of tumor invasion

**Number one prognostic for melanoma

29
Q

__________ often appear as flat, firm, pale areas or as small, raised, pink or red, translucent, shiny, waxy areas that may bleed after minor injury.

A

Basal cell carcinomas

30
Q

Basal cell cancer begins in the lowest layer of the epidermis, called the:

A

basal cell layer

31
Q

Basal cell carcinomas arise from pluripotential cells due to mutations in the

A

hedgehog pathway

32
Q

BRAF mutation is in most

A

moles.

also in many melonams

33
Q

Vemurafenib is a useful treatment in melenoma for pts with ______

A

BRAF mutation

34
Q

_______ may appear as growing lumps, often with a rough surface, or as flat, reddish patches that grow slowly.

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

35
Q

People do not often die of these cancers. About 1,000 to 2,000 people die of this

A

Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC)

36
Q

_______ accounts for about 3% of skin cancer cases but causes a large majority of skin cancer deaths

A

Melanoma

37
Q

Melanoma may arise within a previously existing nevus or dysplastic nevus, but approximately 70% of the time, they arise:

A

de novo

38
Q

The most important indicator of prognosis for all subtypes of melanoma is the ________, which is the maximal thickness of tumor invasion

A

Breslow depth

39
Q

the ______, describes how far a melanoma has penetrated into the skin instead of actually measuring it

A

Clark level

40
Q

SPF only reflects

A

UVB

41
Q

SPF 15 means?

A

it takes 15 times longer to burn

42
Q

One shot glass full of _____ should be used everyday

A

sunscreen, although tequila is nice too

43
Q

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation damages _____. Most UV radiation comes from sunlight/tanning booths

A

DNA

44
Q

Standard Treatment Options for Patients With Stage IV and Recurrent Melanoma

A
  1. Immunotherapy:
  2. Signal transduction inhibitors
  3. Chemotherapy.
  4. Palliative local therapy.

BL/DD USMLE and Basics (55 decks)

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