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BL/DD USMLE and Basics > BL- Introduction to Hemostasis > Flashcards

BL- Introduction to Hemostasis Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Pro teases of the clotting path way are

A 
Prekallikrein
12
11
9
7
10
2
13*

*=not serine

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2
Q

Factor X is at _____

A

the cross roads

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3
Q

Factor XIII-
A transglutaminase: forms amide bonds between specific lysine and glutamine residues of fibrin to make a stable____

A

clot

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4
Q

Cofactors of the clotting path way are

A

HMWK
TF
VIII
V

These speed up the reaction

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5
Q 
Prekallikrein
12
11
9
7
10
2
13
These are all
A

Proteases

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6
Q

Lack intrinsic enzymatic activity

Act as receptors for other components of enzyme complexes, to speed reactions several hundred to several thousand-fold

A

Cofactors

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7
Q

Fibrinogen of the clotting path way are

A 
Factor I (Fibrin)
*makes the actual clot
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8
Q 
HMWK
TF
VIII
V
are?
A

Cofactors

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9
Q

_______requires the interaction of platelets, coagulation and fibrinolytic factors, endothelium, proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators, and leukocytes

A

Hemostasis

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10
Q

Clot formation is typically initiated by vascular injury, in which a platelet plug forms and is reinforced with ______ produced via the extrinsic pathway

A

fibrin

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11
Q

Coagulation Factors 1

A

I Fibrinogen

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12
Q

Cofactors

A

Lack intrinsic enzymatic activity

Act as receptors for other components of enzyme complexes, to speed reactions several hundred to several thousand-fold

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13
Q

Coagulation Factors 2

A

II Prothrombin

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14
Q

Coagulation Factors 3

A

III Thromboplastin

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15
Q

Coagulation Factors 5

A

Proaccelerin

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16
Q

Coagulation Factors 7

A

Proconvertin

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17
Q

Coagulation Factors 8

A

Antihemophilic

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18
Q

Coagulation Factors 9

A

Christmas

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19
Q

Coagulation Factors 11

A

Plasma thromboplastin antecedent

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20
Q

Coagulation Factors 13

A

Fibrin stabilizing

21
Q

Coagulation Factors IV

A

Calcium

22
Q

Prothrombin + Thromboplastin + Calcium = Thrombin

Fibrinogen + Thrombin = Fibrin

A

Two-step process of coagulation:

23
Q

The Prothrombin time

A

measures of prothrombin ratio (PR) and international normalized ratio (INR) are measures of the extrinsic pathway of coagulation. This test is also called “ProTime INR”

24
Q

Almost all blood factors are made in the:

A

liver

If this isn’t functioning well, you become coagulopathic

25
Q

blood factors NOT made by the liver

A

Tissue factor
Factor VIII
Von Willebrand factor

26
Q

Two-step process of coagulation:

A

Prothrombin + Thromboplastin + Calcium = Thrombin

Fibrinogen + Thrombin = Fibrin

27
Q

Biliary obstruction leads to vitamin K deficiency due to

A

fat malabsorption

28
Q

Vitamin K eventually isolated as the factor needed to ______ the bleeding problem

A

prevent

“K” for “Koagulation”

29
Q

Vitamin K dependent factors

A 
Factor IX
Factor VII
Factor X
Factor II (Thrombin)
Protein C, Protein S
30
Q

Reasons newborns are prone to develop Hemorrhagic disease of the newborn

A

Vitamin K deficiency

~Decreased stores
~Low levels in breast milk
~Developing gut flora

31
Q

Vitamin K required for _________ of several coagulation proteins in the liver

A

post translational modification

32
Q

PT test is useful for

A

Coagulopathy associated with jaundice

Hemorrhagic disease of the newborn

33
Q 
Factor IX
Factor VII
Factor X
Factor II (Thrombin)
Protein C, Protein S
these are all?
A

Vitamin K dependent factors

Factors II, VII, IX, X, Protein C, Protein S

34
Q

Coagulopathy associated with jaundice

Hemorrhagic disease of the newborn

A

PT test useful

35
Q

The Activated Partial Thromboplastin time (APTT)

A

activated partial thromboplastin time
characterizes blood coagulation.

PTT is a performance indicator of the efficacy of both the “intrinsic” (now referred to as the contact activation pathway) and the common coagulation pathways.

It is used in conjunction with the prothrombin time (PT) which measures the extrinsic pathway

36
Q

Vitamin K dependent factors are located?

A

Centrally in the pathway (around 10)

37
Q

PT is a problem in ______ pts

A

hemophiliac patients

38
Q

hemophiliac patients are deficient in

A

factor 13 (a) or 9 (b)

39
Q

Vitamin K dependent factors

A

Factors II, VII, IX, X, Protein C, Protein S

40
Q

Use of the _____led to discovery of the intrinsic pathway factors

A

APTT

41
Q

Deficiency of __________ not associated with bleeding

A

Prekallikrein
Factor XII
HMWK

42
Q

Coagulation occurs in three phases

A

Initiation
Amplification
Propagation

43
Q

Abnormal factors in the _____ pathway will lead to an abnormal ATPP

A

intrinsic

44
Q

Initiation steps (1)

A

Tissue Factor exposed

Factor 7a binds TF

Binds Factor 10 (extrinic tenase)–>10a

Factor 9 can also be activated

45
Q

extrinic tenase activates

A

factors 9 and 10

46
Q

Initiation steps (2)

A

10a binds–>5a binds–>factor 2

OR

10a binds –> 2

2 leads to 2a leads to amplification

47
Q

2 leads to 2a leads to:

A

amplification

48
Q

Thrombin (2) activates

A

Factor 11* important

and
Factor XIa
VIIIa
Va

BL/DD USMLE and Basics (55 decks)

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