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BCR 1 > Physiology - Specialised circulations > Flashcards

Physiology - Specialised circulations Flashcards

1
Q

what two intrinsic factors control vascular resistance ?

a. autoregulation, mechanical compression
b. nervous , hormonal
c. perfusion pressure, mechanical compression
c. nervous and autoregulation

A

a.autoregulation, mechanical compression

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2
Q

the ability of an organ to maintain blood flow despite changes in perfusion pressure in the abscence of extrinsic factors is known as?

a. mechanical compression
b. autoregulation
c. regulatory mechanisms

A

b.autoregulation

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3
Q

sympathetic activation to the heart results in..

a. vasodilation
b. vasoconstriction

A

a.vasodilation

increased metabolic activity
vasodilation> SNS vasoconstriction

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4
Q

how much of the cardiac output us dedicated to the coronary blood flow?

a. 10%
v. 5%
c. 2%
d. 15%

A

v.5%

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5
Q

what condition is most significant in patients with coronary artery disease due to low coronary flow reserve?

a. heart failure
b. tachycardia
c. bradycardia
d. MI

A

b.tachycardia

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6
Q

true or false local metabolism increase eg lactic acid , hypoxia,k+ leads to vasodilation in skeletal muscle?

a. true
b. false

A

a.true

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7
Q

Sympathetic noradrenergic vasoconstrictor nerves act on which receptors?

a. a adrenoceptors
b. b2 adrenoceptors

A

a.a adrenoceptors

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8
Q

adrenaline acts on which receptor in skeletal muscle?

a. a adrenoceptors
b. b2 adrenoceptors

A

b. b2 adrenoceptors

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9
Q

which nerves are active at the start of excercise and can cause fainting?

a.Sympathetic noradrenergic vasoconstrictor nerves

bparasympathetic noradrenergic vasoconstrictor nerves

c. Sympathetic cholinergic vasodilator nerves
d. Parasympathetic cholinergic vasodilator nerves

A

c.Sympathetic cholinergic vasodilator nerves

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10
Q

which function does the splanchnic system serve?

a. capacitance
b. conduit

A

a.capacitance

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11
Q

which nerves act on the splanchnic system in hypotension/ ecercise to increase SV and CO?

a.Sympathetic vasoconstrictor nerves

bparasympathetic noradrenergic vasoconstrictor nerves

c. Sympathetic cholinergic vasodilator nerves
d. Parasympathetic cholinergic vasodilator nerves

A

a.Sympathetic vasoconstrictor nerves

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12
Q

true or false blood flow through the lungs = cardiac output

a. true
b. false

A

a.true

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13
Q

which is true of the pulmonary circulation?

a. low compliance and flow, low resistance and pressure
b. high compliance and flow, low resistance and pressure

A

b.high compliance and flow, low resistance and pressure

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14
Q

what happens to pulmonary vessels in hypoxic conditions to allow for V/Q matching?

a. vasoconstriction
b. venoconstriction
c. vasodilation

A

a.vasoconstriction

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15
Q

hypothalamus output to sympathetic NS makes up the nervous control of BF to which organ?

a. brain
b. skin
c. lungs
d. splanchnic system

A

b.skin

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16
Q

decreased O2 in the cerebral blood flow leads to..

a. vasoconstriction
b. venoconstriction
c. vasodilation

A

c.vasodilation

17
Q

what happens when MAP in th brain <60 mmHg?

a. syncope
b. stroke
c. oedema

A

a.syncope

18
Q

what happens when MAP in th brain <160 mmHg?

a. syncope
b. stroke
c. oedema

A

c.oedema

19
Q

how is blood flow in the brain controlled?

a. neural and metabolic
b. metabolic and myogenic

A

b.metabolic and myogenic

20
Q

what happens to cerebral vessels when MAP increases?

a. constrict
b. dilate

A

a. constrict

21
Q

what happens to cerebral vessels when MAP decreases?

a. constrict
b. dilate

A

b.dilate

22
Q

what does functional hyperaemia refer to?
a.active regions of brain giving more sympathetic output

b. inactive regions of the brain receiving increased blood flow
c. active regions of the brain recieving increased blood flow
d. active regions of the brain recieving more sympathetic tone

A

c.active regions of the brain recieving increased blood flow

23
Q

what effect does increased intracranial pressure have on cerbral BF?

a. increase
b. decrease

A

b.decrease

bv compressed

24
Q

what does an increase in brain volume lead to?

a. oedema
b. hydrocephalus
c. blockage in venous drainage

A

a.oedema

25
Q

what does an increase in CSF lead to?

a. oedema
b. hydrocephalus
c. blockage in venous drainage

A

b.hydrocephalus

26
Q

what does an increase in cerebral blood volume lead to?

a. oedema
b. hydrocephalus
c. blockage in venous drainage

A

c.blockage in venous drainage

27
Q

true or false in stressfu circumstances bf to heart and brain is maintained , reductions occur to other organs

a. true
b. false

A

a.true

28
Q

which of these does not act as a defence against venous pooling?

a. baroreceptors
b. muscle pump
c. RAAS
d. Cardiac output

A

d.Cardiac output

29
Q

how does fainting occur?

A 
standing up
400ml pools in leg veins
fluid accumulation in interstitium 
decreased venous return
decreased SV.CO and BP
decreased cerebral BP
decreased JVP\decreased cerebral blood flow
fainting
30
Q

what does cerebral BP reduce to in fainting?

a. 30-40 mmhg
n. 20-40 mmhg
c. 40-50 mmhg

A

n.20-40 mmhg

31
Q

when cerebral blood flow decreases and paco2 increases what happens to vascular resitance to increase blood flow?

a. increase
b. decrease

A

b.decrease

32
Q

what is the correct order of steps for helping someone who has fainted?

a. turn head to side, place horizontally head below heart and legs raised, loosen tight clothing, apply cold moist towel to face and neck, keep warm
b. place horizontally head below heart and legs raised,turn head to side, loosen tight clothing, apply cold moist towel to face and neck, keep warm
c. loosen tight clothing,place horizontally head below heart and legs raised,turn head to side, loosen tight clothing, apply cold moist towel to face and neck, keep warm

A

b. place horizontally head below heart and legs raised,turn head to side, loosen tight clothing, apply cold moist towel to face and neck, keep warm

BCR 1 (60 decks)

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