Anatomy - Introduction to the gross anatomy of the heart

Question 1

the auricles are muscular pouches on the atria that project in which direction?

a. posteriorly
b. laterally
c. inferiorly
d. anteriorly

Answer 1

d.anteriorly

Question 2

in which ventricle of the heart is the apex found?

a,right
b.left

Answer 2

b.left

Question 3

where does the superior border of the heart run?

a. 2nd right CC to 3rd left CC
b. 3rd right CC to 2nd left CC
c. 6th right CC to 5th left ICS
c. 6th left CC to 5th right ICS

Answer 3

b.3rd right CC to 2nd left CC

Question 4

where does the inferior border of the heart run?

a. 2nd right CC to 3rd left CC
b. 3rd right CC to 2nd left CC
c. 6th right CC to 5th left ICS
c. 6th left CC to 5th right ICS

Answer 4

c. 6th right CC to 5th left ICS

Question 5

what makes up the left border of the heart

a. left ventricle, left atrium
b. left ventricle
c. left ventricle left auricle
d. left atrium, left auricle

Answer 5

c.left ventricle left auricle

Question 6

what makes up the inferior border of the heart

a. right atrium
n. right atrium , left ventricle
c. left ventricle, right ventricle

Answer 6

c.left ventricle, right ventricle

Question 7

where is the apex beat palpated?

Answer 7

Left 5th Intercostal space just next to the midclavicular

line

Question 8

the coronary vessels run in the coronary sulcus , this lies between which structures?

a. ventricles
b. atria
c. atria and ventricles

Answer 8

c.atria and ventricles

Question 9

the interventricular vessels run in the interventricular sulcus , this lies between which structures?

a. ventricles
b. atria
c. atria and ventricles

Answer 9

a.ventricles

Question 10

what leads to the pulmonary trunk?

a. right atrium
b. right ventricle
c. infundibulum

Answer 10

c.infundibulum

Question 11

the posterior of the heart lies anterior to the thoracic aorta and which other structure at the t5-t8 vertebral level?

a. trachea
b. hila
c. oesophagus

Answer 11

c.oesophagus

Question 12

what structure allows blood to pass from right atrium to left atrium at birth?

a. crista terminalis
b. fossa ovalis
c. formane ovale
d. coronary sinus

Answer 12

c.foramen ovale

Question 13

what is the name of the oval shaped depression in the interatrialseptum ?

a. fossa ovalis
b. foramen ovale
c. crista terminalis
d. coronary sinus

Answer 13

a.fossa ovalis

Question 14

failure of the closure of which structure at birth leads to cyanosis?

a. fossa ovalis
b. foramen ovale
c. crista terminalis
d. coronary sinus

Answer 14

b.foramen ovale

Question 15

what vein drains blood from the heart muscle?

a. fossa ovalis
b. foramen ovale
c. crista terminalis
d. coronary sinus

Answer 15

d.coronary sinus

Question 16

what structure makes up a ridge marking the division between smooth and rough parts of the atrium

a. fossa ovalis
b. foramen ovale
c. crista terminalis
d. coronary sinus
e. sulcus terminalis

Answer 16

c.crista terminalis

Question 17

what external groove marks the internal ridge between the smooth and rough atrium

a. fossa ovalis
b. foramen ovale
c. crista terminalis
d. coronary sinus
e. sulcus terminalis

Answer 17

e.sulcus terminalis

Question 18

what does the pectinate muscle make up?

a. atria
b. crista terminalis
c. sulcus terminalis
d. rough part of atrial wall
e. smooth part of atrial wall

Answer 18

d. rough part of atrial wall

Question 19

what is the state of the foramen ovale in patent foramen ovale?

a. 2 leaflets fused
b. 2 leaflets present but not fused
c. 2 leaflets not present

Answer 19

b.2 leaflets present but not fused

Question 20

what oxygenates the blood in the fetal circulation?

a. lungs
b. umbilical arteries
c. placenta

Answer 20

c.placenta

Question 21

following the placenta and umbilical cord whats the correct order of foetal circulation?

a. umbilical vein, IVC, right atrium, foramen ovale left atrium, pulmonary trunk, ductus artereousus aorta, l atrium, l ventricle, r and l umbilical arteries
b. umbilical srtery, SVC, right atrium, foramen ovale left atrium, pulmonary trunk, ductus artereousus aorta, l atrium, l ventricle, r and l umbilical veins
c. a.umbilical vein, SVC, right atrium, foramen ovale left atrium, pulmonary trunk, ductus artereousus aorta, l atrium, l ventricle, r and l umbilical arteries

Answer 21

a.umbilical vein, IVC, right atrium, foramen ovale left atrium, pulmonary trunk, ductus artereousus aorta, l atrium, l ventricle, r and l umbilical arteries

Question 22

what does the ductus arteriousus become following closure at birth?

a. fossa ovalis
b. crista terminalis
c. ligamentum arteriosum

Answer 22

c.ligamentum arteriosum

Question 23

what is the function of valves?

a. increase volume of heart
b. separate sections of the heart
c. prevent backflow
d. prevent mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood

Answer 23

c. prevent backflow

Question 24

which valve prevents backflow to the right ventricle when the ventricles relax?

a. bicuspid
b. pulmonary sl
c. tricuspid
c. aortic semilunar

Answer 24

b.pulmonary sl

Question 25

what ridge of specialised muscle transmits impulses to anterior papillary muscles ?

a. trabeculae carneae
b. interventricular septum
c. septomarginal trabeculae
d. chodae tendinae

Answer 25

c.septomarginal trabeculae

branches from IV septum

Question 26

what is the name of the rough part of the ventricular wall?

a. trabeculae carneae
b. pectinate muscle
c. crista terminalis
d. sulcus terminalis

Answer 26

a.trabeculae carneae

Question 27

2 openings superior to which valve lead to the left and right coronary artery?

a. aortic semilunar
b. pulmonary semilunar
d. bicuspid
e. tricuspid

Answer 27

a.aortic semilunar

When aortic valve closes, blood falls back toward
ventricle, filling the cusps & closing the valve
& enters openings of coronary aa.