Physiology - leucocytes and plasma proteins

Question 1

which of these is not a function of white blood cells?

a. carrying O2
b. immune response
c. inflammatory response
d. disposal of damaged and aging cells

Answer 1

a.carrying O2

Question 2

what is the cfirst stage of phagocytosis?

a. movement of phagocytes towards chemical attractants (chemotaxis)
b. activation of resting phagocytes by inflamatory mediators
c. margination, rolling and adhesion
d. diapedesis
c. recognition attachment, attachement of phagocyte to pathogen
d. ingestion
7. pathogen killing and degradation

Answer 2

b.activation of resting phagocytes by inflamatory mediators

Question 3

what happens after margination, rolling and adhesion ?

a. movemeny of phagocytes towards chemical attractants (chemotaxis)
b. recognition attachment
c. ingestion
d. killing and degradation
e. diapedesis

Answer 3

e.diapedesis

Question 4

what happens after diapedesis?

a. pathogen killing and degradation
b. ingestion
c. recognition attachment, attachment of phagocyte to pathogen
d. chemotaxis
e. rolling , margination and adhesion

Answer 4

c.recognition attachment, attachment of phagocyte to pathogen

Question 5

what cell has red cytoplasmic granules?

a. basophils
b. eosinophils
c. neutrophils
d. lymphocytes

Answer 5

b.eosinophils

Question 6

what cell has purple cytoplasmic granules?

a. basophils
b. eosinophils
c. neutrophils
d. lymphocytes

Answer 6

a.basophils

Question 7

Which cell type migrates to areas of infection via chemotaxis?

a. basophils
b. eosinophils
c. neutrophils
d. lymphocytes

Answer 7

b.eosinophils

Question 8

true or false eosinophils are capable of phagocytosis but are less active than neutrophils in this role?

Answer 8

true

Question 9

how do eosinophils defend against larger parasites?

a. release toxins
b. granulation
c. degranulation
d. phagocytosis

Answer 9

c.degranulation

Question 10

In allergic disease eg asthma or hay fever which cell type is most liklely to be increased?

a. basophils
b. eosinophils
c. neutrophils
d. lymphocytes

Answer 10

b.eosinophils

Question 11

patient has raised eosinophils on a white cell count which condition is most likley?

a. allergic disease
b. bacterial infection
c. genetic mutation
d. viral infection

Answer 11

a.allergic disease

Question 12

what does prolonged high levels of eosinophils lead to?

a. fever
b. nausea
c. sepsis
d. tissue damage

Answer 12

d.tissue damage

Question 13

which is the least active phagocyte?

a. neutrophils
b. eosinophils
c. basophils

Answer 13

c.basophils

Question 14

what do basophils do at the site of infection?

a. phagocytosis
b. release chemicals
d. degranulate
e. release antibodies

Answer 14

b.release chemicals

Question 15

which type of cell releases mediators of inflammation eg histamines and anticoagulant eg heparin at the site of infection?

a. basophils
b. eosinophils
c. neutrophils
d. lymphocytes

Answer 15

a.basophils

Question 16

what shape is the nucleus of lymphocytes?

a. bilobed
c. kidney u shape
d. polymorphonuclear
e. spherical

Answer 16

e.spherical

Question 17

what colour is the cytoplasm of lymphocytes?

a. purple
b. pale blue
c. pink
d. red
e. dark blue

Answer 17

b. pale blue

Question 18

Which type of lymphocyte attacks invaders outside of the cell?

a. T killer cells
b. T cells
c. B cells

Answer 18

c. B cells

Question 19

true or false lymphocytes are involved in phagocytosis

Answer 19

false

Question 20

Which of these best describes the role of T cells?

a. attack foreign cells directly and coordinate the immune response by increasing/decreasing other lymphocytes
b. attachment of antigen to surface receptor leads to activation, become plasma cells and secrete antibodies, become memory cells
c. kill infected/cancerous cells, cutoplasmic granule contents released, perforate cell membrane and cause initiation of apoptosis

Answer 20

a.attack foreign cells directly and coordinate the immune response by increasing/decreasing other lymphocytes

Question 21

what cell destroys virally infected cells and tumour cells?

a. regulatory T cells
b. helper T cells
c. cytotoxic t cell
d. memory t cell

Answer 21

c.cytotoxic t cell

Question 22

which of these best describes the role of cytotoxic t cells ?

a. destroy virally infected cells and tumour cells, implicated in transplant rejection
b. assist other white blood cells, including maturation of B cells to plasma cells and memory B cells, activation of cytotoxic t cells and macrophages
c. crucial for maintenance of immunological tolerance
d. persist long time after infection has resolved

Answer 22

a.destroy virally infected cells and tumour cells, implicated in transplant rejection

Question 23

which white blood cell is raised in transplant rejection?

a. eosinophil
b. helper t cell
c. cytotoxic t cell
d. b lymphocye

Answer 23

c.cytotoxic t cell

Question 24

which of these best describes the role of helper t cells?

which of these best describes the role of cytotoxic t cells ?

a. destroy virally infected cells and tumour cells, implicated in transplant rejection
b. assist other white blood cells, including maturation of B cells to plasma cells and memory B cells, activation of cytotoxic t cells and macrophages
c. crucial for maintenance of immunological tolerance
d. persist long time after infection has resolved

Answer 24

b.assist other blood cells in immunological processes, B cell maturation into plasma cells and memory b cells and activation of cytoxic t cells and macrophages

Question 25

which of these best describes the role of regulatory t cells ? a. destroy virally infected cells and tumour cells, implicated in transplant rejection b. assist other white blood cells, including maturation of B cells to plasma cells and memory B cells, activation of cytotoxic t cells and macrophages c. crucial for maintenance of immunological tolerance d. persist long time after infection has resolved

Answer 25

c.crucial for maintenance of immunological tolerance

Question 26

which of these best describes the role of memory t cells ? a. destroy virally infected cells and tumour cells, implicated in transplant rejection b. assist other white blood cells, including maturation of B cells to plasma cells and memory B cells, activation of cytotoxic t cells and macrophages c. crucial for maintenance of immunological tolerance d. persist long time after infection has resolved

Answer 26

d.persist a long time after infection has resolved

Question 27

what activates B cells? a. chemotaxis b. attachment of antigen to surface receptor c. memory t cells

Answer 27

b. attachment of antigen to surface receptor

Question 28

which type of lymphocyte is responsible for killing infected/cancerous cells? a. Natural killer cells b. b lymphocyes c. t helper cells d. regulatory t cell e. memory t cell

Answer 28

a.natural killer cells

Question 29

Which of these best describes the role of natural killers? a. destroy virally infected cells and tumour cells, implicated in transplant rejection b. assist other white blood cells, including maturation of B cells to plasma cells and memory B cells, activation of cytotoxic t cells and macrophages c. crucial for maintenance of immunological tolerance d. persist long time after infection has resolved e. release cytoplasmic granule contents, perforate cell membrane, cause cells to initate apoptosis

Answer 29

e.release cytoplasmic granule contents, perforate cell membrane, cause cells to initate apoptosis

Question 30

what shape is the nucleus of a monocyte? a. kidney shaped b. bilobed d. spherical

Answer 30

a.kidney shaped

Question 31

true or false monocytes play a role on phagocytes

Answer 31

true

Question 32

which type of cell attracts other wbc and fibroblasts then after 72 hours enter tissues and become macrophages a.neutrophils b.lymphocytes c.leucocytes d,monocytes

Answer 32

d.monocytes

Question 33

Which cell is able to respond quickly after any subsequent encounter with the same antigen? A. memory cell B. helper T cell C. plasma cell D. basophil E. antigen-presenting cell

Answer 33

a. memory cell

Question 34

``` Which molecules are secreted by leucocytes and macrophages and result in a fever? A. heparins B. pyrogens C. histamines D. antibodies E. keratins ```

Answer 34

b.pyrogens

Question 35

which of these is not a component of the plasma? a. plasma proteins b. organic nutrients and wastes c. electrolytes d. water e. platelets

Answer 35

e.platelets

Question 36

Which of these substances contains negatively charged proteins? a.ICF b.CSF c.plasma d,interstitial fluid

Answer 36

c.plasma

Question 37

What type of protein makes up 60% of the total? a. globulins c. albumin d. fibrinogen e. keratin

Answer 37

c.albumin

Question 38

which plasma protein exerts a plasma osmotic pressure? a. fibrinogen b. globulin c. albumin

Answer 38

c.albumin

Question 39

what plasma protein carries fats, amino acids, enzymes, drugs and is non specific? a. fibrinogen b. globulin c. albumin

Answer 39

c.albumin

Question 40

which plasma protein carriers ions, hormones and vitamins? a. fibrinogen b. globulin c. albumin

Answer 40

b.globulin

Question 41

which plasma protein makes up 35% of the total? a. fibrinogen b. globulin c. albumin

Answer 41

b.globulins

Question 42

which plasma protein makes 4% of the total? a. fibrinogen b. globulin c. albumin

Answer 42

a.fibrinogen

Question 43

which plasma protein has an immune function? a. fibrinogen b. globulin c. albumin

Answer 43

b. globulin | - gamma globulins are antibodies

Question 44

which plasma protein has a role in blood clotting? a. fibrinogen b. globulin c. albumin

Answer 44

a.fibrinogen