Pathology - Hypertension: risk prediction and lifestyle intervention Flashcards
what is the most significant risk factor for hypertension?
a. alcohol
b. smoking
c. overweight
d. salt
e. exercise
c.overweight
what feature of pulse should be additionally checked in hypertension?
a. rate
b. rhythm
c. symmetry
d. radio femoral delay
d.radio femoral delay
true or false blood pressure should be measured in both arms and standing for hypertension?
a. true
b. false
a.true
what should be done in addition to pulse, blood pressure and auscultation for hypertension?
a. temp
b. fundoscopy
c. urine sample test
b.fundoscopy
which of these is not a risk factor for hypertension?
a. salt
b. alcohol
c. excercise
d. weight
e. iron intake
e.iron intake
what is visible in the fundocopy of a hypertensive patient?
a. reduced blood vessels
c. cotton wool spots
d. reduced retina area
e. shadowing
c.cotton wool spots
which of these is an example of the target organ damage to the kidney in hypertension?
a. atherosclerosis
b. intrinsic renal disease and decreased glomerular filtration rate
c. sodium in urine
d. microalbuminuria and decreased glomerular filtration rate
d.microalbuminuria and decreased glomerular filtration rate
protein leak in the urine
which of these is a sign of target organ damage in the heart?
a. right ventricular hypertrophy
b. left ventricular hypertrophy
c. left ventricular atrophy
d. right ventricular dystrophy
b.left ventricular hypertrophy
retinal disease can be caused by?
a. anaemia
b. atherosclerosis
c. heart failure
d. hypertension
d.hypertension
what effect does hypertension have on artery walls?
a. reduce surface area
b. atherosclerosis
c. more rigid
d. hypertrophy
b.atherosclerosis
what is used to calculate cardiovascular risk?
a. QRISK 3
b. QRISK
c. QRISK 2
d. CVD RISK
a.QRISK 3
true or false qrisk is applicable to all levels of prevention?
a. true
b. false
b.false
only applicable to primary prevention
secondary prevention - highest risk already
which of these factors is included in QRISK?
a. drugs
b. recently stopped smoking
c. high triglycerides
d. diabetes status
e. already on treatment
d.diabetes status
which of these conditions can QRISK be used with?
a. type 2 diabetets
b. type 1 diabetes
c. chronic kidney disease
d. familial hypercholesterolaemia
a.type 2 diabetets
• Which of the following is least important in terms of cardiovascular risk? A. Smoking B. Diabetes C. Osteoarthritis D. Migraine E. Depression
E. Depression
what is the initial lifestyle intervention for diabetes?
a. increase excercise
b. change diet
c. stop smoking
d. restrict salt intake
e. achieve healthy body weight
c. stop smoking
other than body weight which other measurement is important in reducing CVD risk?
a. height
b. BMI
c. waistline
d. bust
c.waistline
if ideal body mass cannot be achieved what is recommended to significantly reduce blood pressure?
a. losing 10%
b. losing 5%
c. losing 2%
d. changing diet balance
b.losing 5%
what is the daily recommended mg of sodium per day?
a. <2000 mg
b. <150 mg
c. <50 mg
d. <1500 mg
d. <1500 mg
patient with persistent stage 2 hypertension, which treatment most suitaible?
a. lifestyle interventions
b. drug treatment
c. surgery
b. drug treatment
patient under 80 yrs with persistent stage 1 hypertension, which treatment most suitaible?
a. lifestyle interventions
b. drug treatment
c. surgery
a.lifestyle interventions
patient below 8 yrs with persistent stage 1 hypertension and microalbuminuria , which treatment most suitaible?
a. lifestyle interventions
b. drug treatment
c. surgery
b. drug treatment
patient above 80 yrs with persistent stage 1 hypertension and retinal disease , which treatment most suitaible?
a. lifestyle interventions
b. drug treatment
c. surgery
a.lifestyle interventions
patient below 80 with persistent stage 1 hypertension and renal disease , which treatment most suitaible?
a. lifestyle interventions
b. drug treatment
c. surgery
b. drug treatment
