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BCR 1 > Pathology - Hypertension: risk prediction and lifestyle intervention > Flashcards

Pathology - Hypertension: risk prediction and lifestyle intervention Flashcards

1
Q

what is the most significant risk factor for hypertension?

a. alcohol
b. smoking
c. overweight
d. salt
e. exercise

A

c.overweight

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2
Q

what feature of pulse should be additionally checked in hypertension?

a. rate
b. rhythm
c. symmetry
d. radio femoral delay

A

d.radio femoral delay

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3
Q

true or false blood pressure should be measured in both arms and standing for hypertension?

a. true
b. false

A

a.true

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4
Q

what should be done in addition to pulse, blood pressure and auscultation for hypertension?

a. temp
b. fundoscopy
c. urine sample test

A

b.fundoscopy

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5
Q

which of these is not a risk factor for hypertension?

a. salt
b. alcohol
c. excercise
d. weight
e. iron intake

A

e.iron intake

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6
Q

what is visible in the fundocopy of a hypertensive patient?

a. reduced blood vessels
c. cotton wool spots
d. reduced retina area
e. shadowing

A

c.cotton wool spots

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7
Q

which of these is an example of the target organ damage to the kidney in hypertension?

a. atherosclerosis
b. intrinsic renal disease and decreased glomerular filtration rate
c. sodium in urine
d. microalbuminuria and decreased glomerular filtration rate

A

d.microalbuminuria and decreased glomerular filtration rate

protein leak in the urine

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8
Q

which of these is a sign of target organ damage in the heart?

a. right ventricular hypertrophy
b. left ventricular hypertrophy
c. left ventricular atrophy
d. right ventricular dystrophy

A

b.left ventricular hypertrophy

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9
Q

retinal disease can be caused by?

a. anaemia
b. atherosclerosis
c. heart failure
d. hypertension

A

d.hypertension

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10
Q

what effect does hypertension have on artery walls?

a. reduce surface area
b. atherosclerosis
c. more rigid
d. hypertrophy

A

b.atherosclerosis

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11
Q

what is used to calculate cardiovascular risk?

a. QRISK 3
b. QRISK
c. QRISK 2
d. CVD RISK

A

a.QRISK 3

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12
Q

true or false qrisk is applicable to all levels of prevention?

a. true
b. false

A

b.false

only applicable to primary prevention
secondary prevention - highest risk already

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13
Q

which of these factors is included in QRISK?

a. drugs
b. recently stopped smoking
c. high triglycerides
d. diabetes status
e. already on treatment

A

d.diabetes status

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14
Q

which of these conditions can QRISK be used with?

a. type 2 diabetets
b. type 1 diabetes
c. chronic kidney disease
d. familial hypercholesterolaemia

A

a.type 2 diabetets

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15
Q 
• Which of the following is least important in 
terms of cardiovascular risk?
A. Smoking
B. Diabetes
C. Osteoarthritis
D. Migraine
E. Depression
A

E. Depression

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16
Q

what is the initial lifestyle intervention for diabetes?

a. increase excercise
b. change diet
c. stop smoking
d. restrict salt intake
e. achieve healthy body weight

A

c. stop smoking

17
Q

other than body weight which other measurement is important in reducing CVD risk?

a. height
b. BMI
c. waistline
d. bust

A

c.waistline

18
Q

if ideal body mass cannot be achieved what is recommended to significantly reduce blood pressure?

a. losing 10%
b. losing 5%
c. losing 2%
d. changing diet balance

A

b.losing 5%

19
Q

what is the daily recommended mg of sodium per day?

a. <2000 mg
b. <150 mg
c. <50 mg
d. <1500 mg

A

d. <1500 mg

20
Q

patient with persistent stage 2 hypertension, which treatment most suitaible?

a. lifestyle interventions
b. drug treatment
c. surgery

A

b. drug treatment

21
Q

patient under 80 yrs with persistent stage 1 hypertension, which treatment most suitaible?

a. lifestyle interventions
b. drug treatment
c. surgery

A

a.lifestyle interventions

22
Q

patient below 8 yrs with persistent stage 1 hypertension and microalbuminuria , which treatment most suitaible?

a. lifestyle interventions
b. drug treatment
c. surgery

A

b. drug treatment

23
Q

patient above 80 yrs with persistent stage 1 hypertension and retinal disease , which treatment most suitaible?

a. lifestyle interventions
b. drug treatment
c. surgery

A

a.lifestyle interventions

24
Q

patient below 80 with persistent stage 1 hypertension and renal disease , which treatment most suitaible?

a. lifestyle interventions
b. drug treatment
c. surgery

A

b. drug treatment

25
Q

patient below 80 yrs with persistent stage 1 hypertension and diabetes, which treatment most suitable?

a. lifestyle interventions
b. drug treatment
c. surgery

A

b. drug treatment

26
Q

patient over 80 with persistent stage 1 hypertension and CVD, which treatment most suitable?

a. lifestyle interventions
b. drug treatment
c. surgery

A

a.lifestyle interventions

27
Q

patient under 80 with persistent stage 1 hypertension and qrisk 10 year risk of 10%, which treatment most suitable?

a. lifestyle interventions
b. drug treatment
c. surgery

A

b. drug treatment

28
Q

patient under 80 with qrisk 10 year risk of 10%, which treatment most suitable?

a. lifestyle interventions
b. drug treatment
c. surgery

A

a.lifestyle interventions

29
Q

patient below 60 yrs of age with hypertension and qrisk below 10% which treatment should be considered?

a. lifestyle interventions
b. drugs
c. surgery

A

b. drugs

30
Q

patient above 80 yrs of age with hypertension and BP of 150/90 which treatment should be considered?

a. lifestyle interventions
b. drugs
c. surgery

A

a.lifestyle interventions

31
Q

patient above 80 yrs of age with hypertension and BP of 155/90 which treatment should be considered?

a. lifestyle interventions
b. drugs
c. surgery

A

b. drugs

32
Q

what is the general target for reducing hypertension?

a. <120/90
b. 100/60
c. <140/90
d. <150/90

A

c.<140/90

33
Q

what is the target for reducing hypertension in patients 80+ yrs?

a. <120/90
b. 100/60
c. <140/90
d. <150/90

A

d.<150/90

34
Q

which of these patients would not have specific blood pressure targets?

a. type 1 diabetic
b. pregnant
c. chronic kidney disease
d. asthmatic

A

d.asthmatic

BCR 1 (60 decks)

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