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Anatomy- heart and blood vessels Flashcards

1
Q

where do the coronary vessels lie?

a. between the right atrium and right ventricle
b. between the left atrium and left ventricle
b. between the left atrium and right atrium
a. between the left ventricle and right ventricle

A

a.between the right atrium and right ventricle

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2
Q

what makes up most of the anterior surface of the heart?

a. left ventricle
b. left atrium
c. right atrium
d. right ventricle

A

d.right ventricle

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3
Q

what makes up most of the posterior surface of the heart?

a. left ventricle
b. left atrium
c. right atrium
d. right ventricle

A

d.right ventricle

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4
Q

what lies above the left ventricle on the post surface/

a. aorta
b. vena cava
c. pulmonary veins
d. pulmonary trunk

A

c.pulmonary veins

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5
Q

what lies above the right ventricle on the ant surface/

a. aorta
b. vena cava
c. pulmonary veins
d. pulmonary trunk

A

d.pul trunk

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6
Q

what structure actd as a fibrous sac surrounding the heart?

a. fibrous pericardium
b. myocardium
c. parietal layer of serous pericardium
d. visceral layer of serous pericardium
e. endocardium

A

a.fibrous pericardium

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7
Q

from external to internal what is the correct order of layers

a. fibrous pericardium
myocardium
parietal layer of serous pericardium 
visceral layer of serous pericardium
 endocardium
b. fibrous pericardium
parietal layer of serous pericardium 
visceral layer of serous pericardium (epicardium)
myocardium
 endocardium
c.visceral layer of serous pericardium (epicardium)
myocardium
 endocardium
 fibrous pericardium
parietal layer of serous pericardium
A 
b. fibrous pericardium
parietal layer of serous pericardium 
visceral layer of serous pericardium (epicardium)
myocardium
 endocardium
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8
Q

what do the serous pericardium enclose?

a. synovial fluid
b. pericardium
c. pericardial space
d. myocardium

A

c.pericardial space

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9
Q

where is the parietal pericardium found?

a. lining the myocardium as part of the epicardium
b. lining the internal surface of the fibrous pericardium
b. lining the external surface of the fibrous pericardium
a. lining the myocardium as part of the endocardium

A

b.lining the internal surface of the fibrous pericardium

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10
Q

where is the visceral pericardium found?

a. lining the myocardium as part of the epicardium
b. lining the internal surface of the fibrous pericardium
b. lining the external surface of the fibrous pericardium
a. lining the myocardium as part of the endocardium

A

a.lining the myocardium as part of the epicardium

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11
Q

which layer of the heart wall is made up of a simple squamous epithelium?

a. fibrous pericardium
b. myocardium
c. parietal layer of serous pericardium
d. visceral layer of serous pericardium
e. endocardium

A

d.visceral layer of serous pericardium

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12
Q

which layer of the heart wall is made up of a loose CT and adipose tissue containing the coronary vessels and nerves supplying the heart?

a. fibrous pericardium
b. myocardium
c. parietal layer of serous pericardium
d. visceral layer of serous pericardium
e. subepicardium

A

e. subepicardium

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13
Q

what is the thickest layer of the heart wall ?

a. fibrous pericardium
b. myocardium
c. parietal layer of serous pericardium
d. visceral layer of serous pericardium

A

b.myocardium

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14
Q

what is the myocardium made up of?

a. coronary vessels and nerves adipose tissue and loose CT
a. bundles and layers of cardiac muscle cells
b. smooth inner lining of endothelial cells

A

a.bundles and layers of cardiac muscle cells

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15
Q

what layer of the heart wall is made up of a smooth inner lining of endothelial cells?

a. fibrous pericardium
b. myocardium
c. parietal layer of serous pericardium
d. visceral layer of serous pericardium
e. endocardium

A

e. endocardium

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16
Q

what layer of the heart wall is made up of loose ct containing small BV and branches of the conducting system of the heart?

a. fibrous pericardium
b. myocardium
c. subendocardium
d. visceral layer of serous pericardium
e. subepicardium

A

c.subendocardium

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17
Q

What structure connects AV valves to papillary muscles on the ventricular floor?

a. coronary vessels
b. cordae tendinaea
c. ligamentum flavum

A

b.cordae tendinaea

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18
Q

from ant to post what is the correct order of valves

a. tricuspid +bicuspid, aortic,pulmonary
b. aortic,pulmonary, tricuspid +bicuspid
c. pulmonary, tricuspid, aortic, bicuspid

A

a.tricuspid +bicuspid, aortic,pulmonary

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19
Q

what structure is located in the wall of the superior vena cava and right atrium deep to the epicardium?

a. SAN
b. AVN
c. coronary artery
d. right circumflex artery

A

a.SAN

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20
Q

in which layer of the heart wall is the SAN found?

a. fibrous pericardium
b. myocardium
c. parietal layer of serous pericardium
d. visceral layer of serous pericardium
e. subepicardium

A

e.subepicardium

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21
Q

what is the SAN made up of?

a. nerve fibres
b. neurovasculature
c. specialised cardiac muscle fibres

A

c.specialised cardiac muscle fibres

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22
Q

true or false the SAN has its own blood supply?

A

true

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23
Q

what does the SAN cause?

a. atrial contraction
b. ventricular contraction

A

a.atrial contraction

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24
Q

where is the AV node located

a. wall of svc and right atrium
b. septum between atria
c. spetum between ventricles

A

b.septum between atria

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25
Q

what does the Bundle of His enter before dividing into 2 branches of purkinje fibres?

a. interatrial spetum
b. interventricular septum

A

b.interventricular septum

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26
Q

which layer of the heart wall are purkinje fibres found in

a. fibrous pericardium
b. myocardium
c. dense CT of endocardium
d. visceral layer of serous pericardium
e. subepicardium

A

c.dense CT of endocardium

27
Q

what are purkinje fibres made up of?

a. nerve fibres
b. neurovasculature
c. specialised cardiac muscle fibres 2x larger

A

c.specialised cardiac muscle fibres 2x larger

28
Q

what causes ventricular contraction?

a. SAN
b. AVN
c. purkinje fibres
d. bundle of his

A

c.purkinje fibres

29
Q

what is the tunica adventitia normally made up of?

a. dense ct, blood vessels and nerves
b. loose ct blood. vessels and nerves

c,concentric layers of smooth muscle fibres, collagen and elastin

d.sumple squamous epithelium (endothelium) and connective tissue

A

b.loose ct blood. vessels and nerves

30
Q

what is the tunica media normally made up of?

a. dense ct, blood vessels and nerves
b. loose ct blood. vessels and nerves

c,concentric layers of smooth muscle fibres, collagen and elastin

d.sumple squamous epithelium (endothelium) and connective tissue

A

c,concentric layers of smooth muscle fibres, collagen and elastin

31
Q

what is the tunica intima normally made up of?

a. dense ct, blood vessels and nerves
b. loose ct blood. vessels and nerves

c,concentric layers of smooth muscle fibres, collagen and elastin

d.sumple squamous epithelium (endothelium) and connective tissue

A

d.sumple squamous epithelium (endothelium) and connective tissue

32
Q

elastic and muscular are the two main types of what vessel?

a. vein
b. arterioles
c. arteries
d. capillaries

A

c.arteries

33
Q

what vessel has these properties?

TA- relatively thin loose fibrielastic CT, vasovasorum and nervi vasorum

TM-thick (40 layers of elastin lamellae interspersed with smooth muscle and collagen)

TI- endothelial cells beneath CT

a. aorta
b. pulmonary artery
c. vena cava

34
Q

what is the relatively thin TA of the aorta (an elastic artery) made up of?

a. loose fibroelastic CT, nervi vasorum and vasa vasorum
b. elastic fibres, collagen fibres,vasa vasorum, nervi vasorum
c. lots of smooth muscle extensive,vasa vasorum, nervi vasorum
d. elastin and collagen, little smooth muscle

A

a.loose fibroelastic CT, nervi vasorum and vasa vasorum

35
Q

What is the tunica media of the aorta made up of?

a. Predominantly smooth muscle cells
Identifiable external elastic
layer/lamina (EEL) (between the tunica
media and tunica adventitia)

b. Smooth muscle, collagen fibres, little
elastic tissue

c.Smooth muscle, collagen, little
elastic tissue

d.Lamellae of elastin (~40 layers)
interspersed with
Smooth muscle cells
Collagen filaments

A

d.Lamellae of elastin (~40 layers)
interspersed with
Smooth muscle cells
Collagen filaments

36
Q

what is the tunica intima of the aorta made up of?

a.Prominent internal elastic lamina (IEL)
(between tunica intima and tunica
media)

b.Endothelial cells and underlying
connective tissue

c.Endothelium and connective tissue

A

b.Endothelial cells and underlying

connective tissue

37
Q

what is the TA of a muscular artery made up of?

a. loose fibroelastic CT, nervi vasorum and vasa vasorum
b. elastic fibres, collagen fibres,vasa vasorum, nervi vasorum
c. lots of smooth muscle extensive,vasa vasorum, nervi vasorum
d. elastin and collagen, little smooth muscle

A

b.elastic fibres, collagen fibres,vasa vasorum, nervi vasorum

38
Q

What is the tunica media of a muscular artery made up of?

a. Predominantly smooth muscle cells
Identifiable external elastic
layer/lamina (EEL) (between the tunica
media and tunica adventitia)

b. Smooth muscle, collagen fibres, little
elastic tissue

c.Smooth muscle, collagen, little
elastic tissue

d.Lamellae of elastin (~40 layers)
interspersed with
Smooth muscle cells
Collagen filaments

A

a. Predominantly smooth muscle cells
Identifiable external elastic
layer/lamina (EEL) (between the tunica
media and tunica adventitia)

39
Q

what is the tunica intima of a muscualr artery made up of?

a.Prominent internal elastic lamina (IEL)
(between tunica intima and tunica
media)

b.Endothelial cells and underlying
connective tissue

c.Endothelium and connective tissue

A

a.Prominent internal elastic lamina (IEL)
(between tunica intima and tunica
media)

40
Q

what is the tunica media of an arteriole made up of?

a. Predominantly smooth muscle cells
Identifiable external elastic
layer/lamina (EEL) (between the tunica
media and tunica adventitia)

b. Smooth muscle, collagen fibres, little
elastic tissue

c.Smooth muscle, collagen, little
elastic tissue

d.Lamellae of elastin (~40 layers)
interspersed with
Smooth muscle cells
Collagen filaments

e.2-3 layers of smooth muscle

A

e.2-3 layers of smooth muscle

41
Q

What is the tunica adventitia of an arteriole made up of?

a. loose fibroelastic CT, nervi vasorum and vasa vasorum
b. elastic fibres, collagen fibres,vasa vasorum, nervi vasorum
c. lots of smooth muscle extensive,vasa vasorum, nervi vasorum
d. elastin and collagen, little smooth muscle
e. blend with surrounding CT

A

e.blend with surrounding CT

42
Q

veins have a relatively … TM compared to rteries?

a. thin
b. thick

43
Q

veins have a relatively … TA compared to arteries?

a. thin
b. thick

44
Q

what is the TA (the thickest layer) of a large vein eg vena cava made up of?

a. loose fibroelastic CT, nervi vasorum and vasa vasorum
b. elastic fibres, collagen fibres,vasa vasorum, nervi vasorum
c. lots of smooth muscle extensive,vasa vasorum, nervi vasorum
d. elastin and collagen, little smooth muscle

A

c. lots of smooth muscle extensive,vasa vasorum, nervi vasorum

45
Q

what is the tunica media of a large vein made up of?

a. Predominantly smooth muscle cells
Identifiable external elastic
layer/lamina (EEL) (between the tunica
media and tunica adventitia)

b. Smooth muscle, collagen fibres, little
elastic tissue

c.Smooth muscle, collagen, little
elastic tissue

d.Lamellae of elastin (~40 layers)
interspersed with
Smooth muscle cells
Collagen filaments

e.2-3 layers of smooth muscle

A

b. Smooth muscle, collagen fibres, little

elastic tissue

46
Q

what is the tunica intima of a large vein eg vena cava made up of?

a.Prominent internal elastic lamina (IEL)
(between tunica intima and tunica
media)

b.Endothelial cells and underlying
connective tissue

c.Endothelium and connective tissue

A

c.Endothelium and connective tissue

47
Q

what is the TA of a medium sized vein made up of?

a. loose fibroelastic CT, nervi vasorum and vasa vasorum
b. elastic fibres, collagen fibres,vasa vasorum, nervi vasorum
c. lots of smooth muscle extensive,vasa vasorum, nervi vasorum
d. elastin and collagen, little smooth muscle

A

d.elastin and collagen, little smooth muscle

48
Q

what is the tunica media of a large vein made up of?

a. Predominantly smooth muscle cells
Identifiable external elastic
layer/lamina (EEL) (between the tunica
media and tunica adventitia)

b. Smooth muscle, collagen fibres, little
elastic tissue

c.Smooth muscle, collagen, little
elastic tissue

d.Lamellae of elastin (~40 layers)
interspersed with
Smooth muscle cells
Collagen filaments

e.2-3 layers of smooth muscle

A

c.Smooth muscle, collagen, little

elastic tissue

49
Q

what is the tunica intima of a medium vein made up of?

a.Prominent internal elastic lamina (IEL)
(between tunica intima and tunica
media)

b.Endothelial cells and underlying
connective tissue

c. Endothelium and connective tissue
d. endothelium and underlying CT

A

d.endothelium and underlying CT

50
Q

what size veins are valves rarely found in?

a,large

b. medium
c. small

51
Q

what layer of the vessel wall are valves made up of

a. TA
b. TM
c. TI

52
Q

loss of muscle tone and degradation of muscle walls in the veins leads to…

a. heart failure
b. cyanosis
c. backflow
d. varicose veins

A

d.varicose veins

53
Q

What cells are capillaries formed from?

a. epithelial
b. endothelial
c. smooth muscle

A

b.endothelial

54
Q

continuous, fenestrated and discontinuous are types of which vessel?

a. arteriole
b. vein
c. artery
d. capillary

A

d.capillary

55
Q

what type of capillary has a complete continuous lining formed by endothelial cells linked by tight junctions with a continuous basal lamina?

a. continuous
b. fenestrated
c. discontinuous

A

a.continuous

56
Q

what type of capillary has calveolae and other vesicles that transport substances across the endothelium?

a. continuous
b. fenestrated
c. discontinuous

A

a.continuous

57
Q

what type of capillary has pericytes - contractile providing stability that are associated with the endothelium?

a. continuous
b. fenestrated
c. discontinuous

A

a.continuous

58
Q

what is the role of calveloae?

a. contractile and provide stability
c. transport substances across the endothelium

A

c.transport substances across the endothelium

59
Q

what is the role of pericytes?

a. contractile and provide stability
c. transport substances across the endothelium

A

a.contractile and provide stability

60
Q

what type of capillary is found primarily in skin and muscle?

a. continuous
b. fenestrated
c. discontinuous

A

a.continuous

61
Q

what type of capillary has endothelial cells with many fenestrae with or without a thin diaphragm and a continuous basement mebrane?

a. continuous
b. fenestrated
c. discontinuous

A

b.fenestrated

62
Q

what type of capillary is primarily found in endocrine glands,
intestines, pancreas and the glomeruli
of the kidney?

a. continuous
b. fenestrated
c. discontinuous

A

b.fenstrated

63
Q

what type of capillary has large gaps in endothelial cells and a fragmented/discontinuous/non existent ?

a. continuous
b. fenestrated
c. discontinuous

A

c. discontinuous

64
Q

what type of capillary is primarily found in the bone marrow , lymph nodes , liver and spleen ?

a. continuous
b. fenestrated
c. discontinuous

A

c. discontinuous

BCR 1 (60 decks)

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