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BCR 1 > Anatomy - Gross anatomy of the airways and lungs > Flashcards

Anatomy - Gross anatomy of the airways and lungs Flashcards

1
Q

how many surfaces of the lugs are there?

a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4

A

c.3

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2
Q

costal, mediastinal and diaphragmatic are the 3

a. surfaces of the lungs
b. borders of the lungs

A

a.surfaces of the lungs

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3
Q

how many borders do the lungs have?

a, 1

b. 2
c. 3
d. 4

A

c.3

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4
Q

anterior, inferior and posterior refer to

a. surfaces of the lungs
b. borders of the lungs

A

b.borders of the lungs

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5
Q

how many lobes does the right lung have?

a. 1
b. 2
c. 3

A

c.3

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6
Q

how many lobes does the left lung have?

a. 1
b. 2
c. 3

A

b.2

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7
Q

how many fissures does the right lung have?

a.1
b2
c3
d4

A

b2

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8
Q

how many fissures does the left lung have?

a.1
b2
c3
d4

A

a.1

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9
Q

the right lung has the superior, middle and inferior lobe. Which lobes make up the left lung?

a. superior and middle
b. middle and inferior
c. inferior and superior

A

c.inferior and superior

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10
Q

what lobe is the lingula part of?

a. left inferior
b. left superior
c. right middle
d. right superior

A

b.left superior

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11
Q

which fissure lies between the superior and middle lobes of the right lung?

a. horizontal
b. oblique

A

a. horizontal

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12
Q

which fissure lies between the inferior and middle lobes of the right lung?

a. horizontal
b. oblique

A

b.oblique

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13
Q

which fissure lies between the inferior and superior lobes of the left lung?

a. horizontal
b. oblique

A

b.oblique

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14
Q

what makes up most of the posterior surface of the lung?

a. superior lobe
b. middle lobe
c. inferior lobe

A

c. inferior lobe

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15
Q

where does the horizontal fissure run?

a. 4th ICS
b. 5th ICS
c. posterior at rib 4 and runs to rib 6

A

a.4th ICS

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16
Q

where does the oblique fissure run?

a. 4th ICS
b. 5th ICS
c. posterior at rib 4 and runs to rib 6

A

c. posterior at rib 4 and runs to rib 6

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17
Q

where do the horizontal and oblique fissure meet?

a. medially
b. laterally
c. superiorly
d. inferiorly

A

b.laterally

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18
Q

the bronchi and which vessels form the root of the lung which enter the lung at the hilum?

a/ cardiac vessels
b. pul vessels

A

b. pul vessels

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19
Q

where does the trachea divide?

a. hila
b. bronchus
c. carina

A

c.carina

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20
Q

where are the pulmonary veins found in the hila?

a. superior
b. inferior
c. medial
d. inferior

A

d. inferior

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21
Q

where are the bronchusfound in the hila?

a. superior
b. inferior
c. medial
d. anterior
e. posterior

A

e.posterior

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22
Q

where are the pulmonary found in the hila?

a. superior
b. inferior
c. medial
d. anterior
e. posterior

A

a. superior

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23
Q

in the left hilum the pul a lies ……… to the bronchus

a. superior
b. inferior
c. medial
d. anterior
e. posterior

A

a. superior

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24
Q

in the right hilum the pul a lies ……… to the bronchus

a. superior
b. inferior
c. medial
d. anterior
e. posterior

A

d.anterior

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25
Q

what surrounds the hila?

a. mediastinum
b. plural sleeve

A

b.plural sleeve

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26
Q

which part of the pleural sleeve makes up the pulmonary ligament?

a. superior
b. inferior
c. medial
d. anterior

A

b.inferior

allows for expansion and movement of hilar structures

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27
Q

what layer of the pleura lines the surface lungs and fissures?

a. visceral
b. parietal

A

a.visceral

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28
Q

what layer of the pleura lines the thoracic wall , mediastinum and diaphragm ?

a. visceral
b. parietal

A

b.parietal

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29
Q

what structure do the two lung buds develop from

a. oesophagus
b. trachea
c. bronchus

A

b. trachea

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30
Q

what does each lung bud push into during development?

a. pericardium
b. mediastinum
c. pleural sac

A

c.pleural sac

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31
Q

what does the parietal wall of the pleura adhere to?

a. ribs
b. lung
c. wall of pulmonary cavity

A

c. wall of pulmonary cavity

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32
Q

what does the visceral wall of the pleura adhere to?

a. ribs
b. lung
c. wall of pulmonary cavity

A

b.lung

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33
Q

how many regions mkae up the parietal pleura?

a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4

A

d.4

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34
Q

which part of the parietal pleura overlies the apex and extends above the rib 1?

a. cervical
b. costal parietal pleura
c. mediastinal parietal pleura
d. diaphragmatic parietal pleura

A

a.cervical

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35
Q

which part of the parietal pleura lines the costal wall?

a. cervical
b. costal parietal pleura
c. mediastinal parietal pleura
d. diaphragmatic parietal pleura

A

b.costal parietal pleura

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36
Q

which part of the parietal pleura lines the lateral surface of the mediastinum?

a. cervical
b. costal parietal pleura
c. mediastinal parietal pleura
d. diaphragmatic parietal pleura

A

c. mediastinal parietal pleura

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37
Q

which part of the parietal pleura lines the upper surface of the diaphragm?

a. cervical
b. costal parietal pleura
c. mediastinal parietal pleura
d. diaphragmatic parietal pleura

A

d. diaphragmatic parietal pleura

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38
Q

what rib does the lung extend to posteriorly ?

a. rib 6
b. rib 8
c. rib 9
d. rib 10
e. rib 12

A

d.rib 10

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39
Q

what rib does the lung extend to anteriorly?

a. rib 6
b. rib 8
c. rib 9
d. rib 10
e. rib 12

A

a. rib 6

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40
Q

what rib does the pleural sac extend to anteriorly?

a. rib 6
b. rib 8
c. rib 9
d. rib 10
e. rib 12

A

b. rib 8

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41
Q

what rib does the pleural sac extend to anteriorly?

a. rib 6
b. rib 8
c. rib 9
d. rib 10
e. rib 12

A

e.rib 12

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42
Q

what is the gully along the inferior part of the pleural cavities where the diaphragmatic parietal pleura is pressed against the costal parietal pleura

a. costomediastinal recess
b. costodiaphragmatic recess

A

a. costomediastinal recess

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43
Q

what recess is posterior to the sternum where mediastinal and costal pleura are interfacing

a. costomediastinal recess
b. costodiaphragmatic recess

A

a. costomediastinal recess

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44
Q

what is a thoracocentsis performed for?

a. heart failure
b. oedema
c. pleural effusion

A

c.pleural effusion

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45
Q

in a thoracocentesis where is a small volume of fluid removed from?

a. visceral pleura
c. pleural space
d. mediastinum
e. lung

A

c.pleural space

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46
Q

where is a pleural tap inserted?

a. costomediastinal recess
b. costodiaphragmatic recess

A

b.costodiaphragmatic recess

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47
Q

fluid from pleural tap is is protein rich from leaky vessels due to inflammation. this fluid is known as..

a. exudate
b. transudate

A

a.exudate

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48
Q

fluid from pleural tap is from increased hydrostatic pressure/ decreased oncotic pressure . this fluid is known as..

a. exudate
b. transudate

A

b. transudate

eg pulmonary hypertension and kidney dysfunction

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49
Q

in order to avoid intercostal vessels and nerves the needle for a pleural tap should be inserted……… to the rib

a.inferior
b . superior

A

b . superior

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50
Q

what is done in order to remove a large volume of air in the pleura eg pneumothorax/haemothorax?

a. thoracocentesis
b. chest tube thoracostomy

A

b.chest tube thoracostomy

51
Q

where does the diaphragm rise to in expiration?

a. 4th ICS
b. 6th ICS
c. 5th ICS

A

c. 5th ICS

52
Q

what makes up the base of the safe triangle for a chest tube thoracostomy?

a. lat edge of pec major
b. base of axilla
c. ant edge of lat dorsi
d. 5th ICS

A

d. 5th ICS

53
Q

what makes up the medial edge of the safe triangle for a chest tube thoracostomy?

a. lat edge of pec major
b. base of axilla
c. ant edge of lat dorsi
d. 5th ICS

A

a. lat edge of pec major

54
Q

what makes up the lateral edge of the safe triangle for a chest tube thoracostomy?

a. lat edge of pec major
b. base of axilla
c. ant edge of lat dorsi
d. 5th ICS

A

c. ant edge of lat dorsi

55
Q

what makes up the superior edge of the safe triangle for a chest tube thoracostomy?

a. lat edge of pec major
b. base of axilla
c. ant edge of lat dorsi
d. 5th ICS

A

b. base of axilla

56
Q

entry of air into the pleural cavity via a hole in the lung/thoracic wall is known as ..

a. pulmonary embolism
b. pleural effusion
c. pneumothorax

A

c. pneumothorax

57
Q

what type of pneumothorax occurs when air leaks from the lung without injury to thoracic wall ?

a. spontaneous
b. open
c. tension

A

a.spontaneous

58
Q

what type of pneumothorax occurs when a gaping hole appears in the thoracic wall, and air can go in and out the hole freely ?

a. spontaneous
b. open simple
c. tension

A

b.open simple

59
Q

what type of pneumothorax occurs when a small valce like hole in the thoracic wall lets air in with every inhale but not out, this then pushes organs to the opposite side ?

a. spontaneous
b. open simple
c. tension

A

c.tension

60
Q

what is done in order remove the air in pneumothorax?

a. chest tube thoracostomy
b. thoracocentesis
c. drained with a needle

A

c.drained with a needle

61
Q

which of these organs C shaped cartilage in order to keep it open?

a. oesophagus
b. trachea

A

b.trachea

62
Q

what does the trachealis do?

a. keep trachea patent
b. keep oesophagus open
c. constrict trachea when coughing
d. relax trachea when coughing

A

c.constrict trachea when coughing

63
Q

the trachealis muscle bridges the gap between cartilages

a. anteriorly
b. superiorly
c. inferiorly
d. posteriorly

A

d. posteriorly

64
Q

where does the trachea run from?

a. c1-t4
b. c2-t4
c. c5-t4
d. c6-t4

A

d.c6-t4

65
Q

which of these have cartilage

a. alveoli
b. bronchioli
c. bronchi

A

c.bronchi

66
Q

what does each of the primary bronchi supply?

a. lung
b. lobe
c. bronchopulmonary segment

A

a.lung

67
Q

what does each of the secondary supply?

a. lung
b. lobe
c. bronchopulmonary segment

A

b.lobe

68
Q

what does each of the tertiary supply?

a. lung
b. lobe
c. bronchopulmonary segment

A

c.bronchopulmonary segment

69
Q

what follows the bronchioles divisions?

a. terminal bronchiloli
b. resp bronchioli
c. alveolar ducts
d. alveolar sacs
e. alveoli

A

a.terminal bronchiloli

70
Q

what follows the terminal bronchioli divisions?

a. terminal bronchiloli
b. resp bronchioli
c. alveolar ducts
d. alveolar sacs
e. alveoli

A

b.resp bronchioli

71
Q

what follows the alveolar ducts divisions?

a. terminal bronchiloli
b. resp bronchioli
c. alveolar ducts
d. alveolar sacs
e. alveoli

A

d.alveolar sacs

72
Q

what follows the alveolar sacs divisions?

a. terminal bronchiloli
b. resp bronchioli
c. alveolar ducts
d. alveolar sacs
e. alveoli

A

e.alveoli

73
Q

how many segmental arteries and segmental bronchys supply a bronchopulmonary segment?

a. 1
b. 2
c. 3

A

a.1

74
Q

each segmental vein drains how many bronchopulmonary segments?

a. 1
b. 2
c. 3\
d. 4

A

b.2

75
Q

how many bronchopulmonary segments make up the right lung

a. 8
b. 10

A

b.10

76
Q

how many bronchopulmonary segments make up the left lung

a. 8
b. 10

A

a.8

77
Q

which bronchopulmonary segment is most superior on the right lung?

a. apical
b. apicalposterior
c. anterior
d. superior

A

a.apical

78
Q

which bronchopulmonary segment is most superior on the left lung?

a. apical
b. apicalposterior
c. anterior
d. superior

A

b.apicalposterior

79
Q

how many bronchopulmonary segments are found in the right superior lobe?

a. 3
b. 2
c. 5
d. 4
e. 4

A

a. 3

80
Q

how many bronchopulmonary segments are found in the right middle lobe?

a. 3
b. 2
c. 5
d. 4
e. 4

A

b.2

81
Q

how many bronchopulmonary segments are found in the right inferior lobe?

a. 3
b. 2
c. 5
d. 4
e. 4

A

c.5

82
Q

how many bronchopulmonary segments are found in the left inferior lobe?

a. 3
b. 2
c. 5
d. 4
e. 4

A

e.4

83
Q

how many bronchopulmonary segments are found in the left superior lobe?

a. 3
b. 2
c. 5
d. 4
e. 4

A

d.4

84
Q

which bronchopulmonary segments are found on the lateral side of the right lung?

a. medial basal, posterior basal, superior
b. anterior, apical ,posterior,lateral,medial
c. superior lingual, anterior, anteromedial , lateral basal, anterior , superior
d. anteromedial basal, posterior basal, superior, anterior and apicoposterior

A

b.anterior, apical ,posterior,lateral,medial

85
Q

which bronchopulmonary segments are found on the medial side of the right lung?

a. medial basal, posterior basal, superior
b. anterior, apical ,posterior,lateral,medial
c. superior lingual, anterior, anteromedial , lateral basal, anterior , superior
d. anteromedial basal, posterior basal, superior, anterior and apicoposterior

A

a.medial basal, posterior basal, superior

86
Q

which bronchopulmonary segments are found on the medial side of the left lung?

a. medial basal, posterior basal, superior
b. anterior, apical ,posterior,lateral,medial
c. superior lingual, anterior, anteromedial , lateral basal, anterior , superior
d. anteromedial basal, posterior basal, superior, anterior and apicoposterior

A

d.anteromedial basal, posterior basal, superior, anterior and apicoposterior

87
Q

which bronchopulmonary segments are found on the mediall side of the left lung?

a. medial basal, posterior basal, superior
b. anterior, apical ,posterior,lateral,medial
c. superior lingual, anterior, anteromedial , lateral basal, anterior , superior
d. anteromedial basal, posterior basal, superior, anterior and apicoposterior

A

d.anteromedial basal, posterior basal, superior, anterior and apicoposterior

88
Q

which bronchus is more vertical and wider so inhaled objects enter it?

a. left
b. right

A

b.right

inhaled bite down the right

89
Q

which segment does aspirated fluid enter if lying supine?

a. left superior
b. right superior
c. left inferior
d. right and left inferior

A

b.right superior

90
Q

which segment does aspirated fluid enter if sitting/standed?

a. left superior
b. right superior
c. left inferior
d. right and left inferior

A

d.right and left inferior

91
Q

in expiration where does the left dome of the diaphragm rise to?

a. 5th rib
b. 5th ICS

A

b.5th ICS

92
Q

in expiration where does the right dome of the diaphragm rise to?

a. 5th rib
b. 5th ICS

A

a. 5th rib

93
Q

what does the sternal part of the diaphragm attach to?

a. xiphoid
b. inferior 6 costal cartilages and ribs
c. arcurate ligaments

A

a.xiphoid

94
Q

what does the costal part of the diaphragm attach to?

a. xiphoid
b. inferior 6 costal cartilages and ribs
c. arcurate ligaments

A

b.inferior 6 costal cartilages and ribs

95
Q

what does the lumbar part of the diaphragm attach to?

a. xiphoid
b. inferior 6 costal cartilages and ribs
c. arcurate ligaments

A

c.arcurate ligaments

96
Q

how many lateral arcurate ligaments are there?

a. 1
b. 2
c. 3

A

b.2

97
Q

how many medial arcurate ligaments are there?

a. 1
b. 2
c. 3

A

b.2

98
Q

how many median arcurate ligaments are there?

a. 1
b. 2
c. 3

A

a.1

99
Q

which arcurate ligament arches over the muscle called the quadratus lumborum?

a. lateral
b. medial
c. median

A

a.lateral

100
Q

which arcurate ligament arches over the muscle called the psoas major ?

a. lateral
b. medial
c. median

A

b.medial

101
Q

which arcurate ligament arches over the aorta at the L1 level ?

a. lateral
b. medial
c. median

A

c.median

102
Q

what the the R and L crura of the median arcurate ligament attach to?

a. cervical vertebrae
b. thoracic vertebrae
c. lumbar vertebrae

A

c. lumbar vertebrae

103
Q

what is the most anterior opening of the diaphragm?

a. oesophageal foramen
b. aortic hiatus
c. caval foramen

A

c.caval foramen

104
Q

what is the most medial opening of the diaphragm?

a. oesophageal foramen
b. aortic hiatus
c. caval foramen

A

a.oesophageal foramen

105
Q

what is the most posterior opening of the diaphragm?

a. oesophageal foramen
b. aortic hiatus
c. caval foramen

A

b.aortic hiatus

106
Q

the oesophagus and vagus nerves run through which diaphragmatic opening at t10 level?

a. oesophageal foramen
b. aortic hiatus
c. caval foramen

A

a.oesophageal foramen

107
Q

the aorta, thoracic duct and azygous vein run through which diaphragmatic opening at t12 level?

a. oesophageal foramen
b. aortic hiatus
c. caval foramen

A

b.aortic hiatus

108
Q

the IVC run through which diaphragmatic opening at t8 level?

a. oesophageal foramen
b. aortic hiatus
c. caval foramen

A

c.caval foramen

109
Q

what level does the vena cava pass through the caval foramen?

a. t8
b. t10
c. t12

A

a.t8

110
Q

what level does the aortic hiatus pass through the diaphragm?

a. t8
b. t10
c. t12

A

c.t12

111
Q

what level does the oesophageal foramen pass through the diaphragm?

a. t8
b. t10
c. t12

A

b.t10

112
Q

what opening of the diaphragm is formed by the median arcurate ligament and t12 vertebrae

a. oesophageal foramen
b. aortic hiatus
c. caval foramen

A

b.aortic hiatus

113
Q

what does the r phrenic nerve run through in the diaphragm to supply motor innervation?

a. caval foramen
b. oesophageal foramen
c. aortic hiatus

A

a.caval foramen

114
Q

what does the l phrenic nerve run through in the diaphragm to supply motor innervation?

a. caval foramen
b. oesophageal foramen
c. aortic hiatus
d. pierces diaphragm alone

A

d.pierces diaphragm alone

115
Q

each phrenic nerve innervates a hemidiaphragm. if a phrenic nerve is damaged..

a. that side of the diaphragm is paralysed
b. the opposite side of the diaphragm is paralysed
c. the whole diaphragm is paralysed

A

a.that side of the diaphragm is paralysed

116
Q

sensory innervation to the peripheral part of the diaphragm is provided by which nerves?

a. phrenic
b. axillary
c. lower 6 intercostal
d. lower 6 intercostal and subcostal

A

d. lower 6 intercostal and subcostal

117
Q

which blood vessels supply the diaphragm

a. thoracic and azygous
b. musculophrenic and pericardiophrenic, inferior and superior phrenic
c. phrenic and subcostal

A

b.musculophrenic and pericardiophrenic
inferior and superior phrenic

from internal thoracic
from aorta

118
Q

which of these vessels runs with the phrenic nerve?

b. musculophrenic
c. pericardiophrenic

A

c. pericardiophrenic

119
Q

where does the musculophrenic artery run?

a. costal margin
b. phrenic nerve

A

a.costal margin

120
Q

where do the inferior and superior phrenic arteries run?

a. costal margin
b. phrenic nerve
c. inferior and superior surfaces of diaphragm

A

c.inferior and superior surfaces of diaphragm

121
Q

which ribs flare elevate in inspiration?

a. 1-10
b. 2-10
c. 1-6

A

b.2-10

122
Q

bucket handle motion moves which ribs in inspiration?

a. 7-10
b. 1-10
c. 2-6

A

a.7-10

123
Q

pump handle motion moves which ribs in inspiration?

a. 7-10
b. 1-10
c. 2-6

A

c.2-6

BCR 1 (60 decks)

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