Anatomy - Gross anatomy of the airways and lungs Flashcards
1
Q
how many surfaces of the lugs are there?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
A
c.3
2
Q
costal, mediastinal and diaphragmatic are the 3
a. surfaces of the lungs
b. borders of the lungs
A
a.surfaces of the lungs
3
Q
how many borders do the lungs have?
a, 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
A
c.3
4
Q
anterior, inferior and posterior refer to
a. surfaces of the lungs
b. borders of the lungs
A
b.borders of the lungs
5
Q
how many lobes does the right lung have?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
A
c.3
6
Q
how many lobes does the left lung have?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
A
b.2
7
Q
how many fissures does the right lung have?
a.1
b2
c3
d4
A
b2
8
Q
how many fissures does the left lung have?
a.1
b2
c3
d4
A
a.1
9
Q
the right lung has the superior, middle and inferior lobe. Which lobes make up the left lung?
a. superior and middle
b. middle and inferior
c. inferior and superior
A
c.inferior and superior
10
Q
what lobe is the lingula part of?
a. left inferior
b. left superior
c. right middle
d. right superior
A
b.left superior
11
Q
which fissure lies between the superior and middle lobes of the right lung?
a. horizontal
b. oblique
A
a. horizontal
12
Q
which fissure lies between the inferior and middle lobes of the right lung?
a. horizontal
b. oblique
A
b.oblique
13
Q
which fissure lies between the inferior and superior lobes of the left lung?
a. horizontal
b. oblique
A
b.oblique
14
Q
what makes up most of the posterior surface of the lung?
a. superior lobe
b. middle lobe
c. inferior lobe
A
c. inferior lobe
15
Q
where does the horizontal fissure run?
a. 4th ICS
b. 5th ICS
c. posterior at rib 4 and runs to rib 6
A
a.4th ICS
16
Q
where does the oblique fissure run?
a. 4th ICS
b. 5th ICS
c. posterior at rib 4 and runs to rib 6
A
c. posterior at rib 4 and runs to rib 6
17
Q
where do the horizontal and oblique fissure meet?
a. medially
b. laterally
c. superiorly
d. inferiorly
A
b.laterally
18
Q
the bronchi and which vessels form the root of the lung which enter the lung at the hilum?
a/ cardiac vessels
b. pul vessels
A
b. pul vessels
19
Q
where does the trachea divide?
a. hila
b. bronchus
c. carina
A
c.carina
20
Q
where are the pulmonary veins found in the hila?
a. superior
b. inferior
c. medial
d. inferior
A
d. inferior
21
Q
where are the bronchusfound in the hila?
a. superior
b. inferior
c. medial
d. anterior
e. posterior
A
e.posterior
22
Q
where are the pulmonary found in the hila?
a. superior
b. inferior
c. medial
d. anterior
e. posterior
A
a. superior
23
Q
in the left hilum the pul a lies ……… to the bronchus
a. superior
b. inferior
c. medial
d. anterior
e. posterior
A
a. superior
24
Q
in the right hilum the pul a lies ……… to the bronchus
a. superior
b. inferior
c. medial
d. anterior
e. posterior
A
d.anterior
25
what surrounds the hila?
a. mediastinum
b. plural sleeve
b.plural sleeve
26
which part of the pleural sleeve makes up the pulmonary ligament?
a. superior
b. inferior
c. medial
d. anterior
b.inferior
allows for expansion and movement of hilar structures
27
what layer of the pleura lines the surface lungs and fissures?
a. visceral
b. parietal
a.visceral
28
what layer of the pleura lines the thoracic wall , mediastinum and diaphragm ?
a. visceral
b. parietal
b.parietal
29
what structure do the two lung buds develop from
a. oesophagus
b. trachea
c. bronchus
b. trachea
30
what does each lung bud push into during development?
a. pericardium
b. mediastinum
c. pleural sac
c.pleural sac
31
what does the parietal wall of the pleura adhere to?
a. ribs
b. lung
c. wall of pulmonary cavity
c. wall of pulmonary cavity
32
what does the visceral wall of the pleura adhere to?
a. ribs
b. lung
c. wall of pulmonary cavity
b.lung
33
how many regions mkae up the parietal pleura?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
d.4
34
which part of the parietal pleura overlies the apex and extends above the rib 1?
a. cervical
b. costal parietal pleura
c. mediastinal parietal pleura
d. diaphragmatic parietal pleura
a.cervical
35
which part of the parietal pleura lines the costal wall?
a. cervical
b. costal parietal pleura
c. mediastinal parietal pleura
d. diaphragmatic parietal pleura
b.costal parietal pleura
36
which part of the parietal pleura lines the lateral surface of the mediastinum?
a. cervical
b. costal parietal pleura
c. mediastinal parietal pleura
d. diaphragmatic parietal pleura
c. mediastinal parietal pleura
37
which part of the parietal pleura lines the upper surface of the diaphragm?
a. cervical
b. costal parietal pleura
c. mediastinal parietal pleura
d. diaphragmatic parietal pleura
d. diaphragmatic parietal pleura
38
what rib does the lung extend to posteriorly ?
a. rib 6
b. rib 8
c. rib 9
d. rib 10
e. rib 12
d.rib 10
39
what rib does the lung extend to anteriorly?
a. rib 6
b. rib 8
c. rib 9
d. rib 10
e. rib 12
a. rib 6
40
what rib does the pleural sac extend to anteriorly?
a. rib 6
b. rib 8
c. rib 9
d. rib 10
e. rib 12
b. rib 8
41
what rib does the pleural sac extend to anteriorly?
a. rib 6
b. rib 8
c. rib 9
d. rib 10
e. rib 12
e.rib 12
42
what is the gully along the inferior part of the pleural cavities where the diaphragmatic parietal pleura is pressed against the costal parietal pleura
a. costomediastinal recess
b. costodiaphragmatic recess
a. costomediastinal recess
43
what recess is posterior to the sternum where mediastinal and costal pleura are interfacing
a. costomediastinal recess
b. costodiaphragmatic recess
a. costomediastinal recess
44
what is a thoracocentsis performed for?
a. heart failure
b. oedema
c. pleural effusion
c.pleural effusion
45
in a thoracocentesis where is a small volume of fluid removed from?
a. visceral pleura
c. pleural space
d. mediastinum
e. lung
c.pleural space
46
where is a pleural tap inserted?
a. costomediastinal recess
b. costodiaphragmatic recess
b.costodiaphragmatic recess
47
fluid from pleural tap is is protein rich from leaky vessels due to inflammation. this fluid is known as..
a. exudate
b. transudate
a.exudate
48
fluid from pleural tap is from increased hydrostatic pressure/ decreased oncotic pressure . this fluid is known as..
a. exudate
b. transudate
b. transudate
eg pulmonary hypertension and kidney dysfunction
49
in order to avoid intercostal vessels and nerves the needle for a pleural tap should be inserted......... to the rib
a.inferior
b . superior
b . superior
50
what is done in order to remove a large volume of air in the pleura eg pneumothorax/haemothorax?
a. thoracocentesis
b. chest tube thoracostomy
b.chest tube thoracostomy
51
where does the diaphragm rise to in expiration?
a. 4th ICS
b. 6th ICS
c. 5th ICS
c. 5th ICS
52
what makes up the base of the safe triangle for a chest tube thoracostomy?
a. lat edge of pec major
b. base of axilla
c. ant edge of lat dorsi
d. 5th ICS
d. 5th ICS
53
what makes up the medial edge of the safe triangle for a chest tube thoracostomy?
a. lat edge of pec major
b. base of axilla
c. ant edge of lat dorsi
d. 5th ICS
a. lat edge of pec major
54
what makes up the lateral edge of the safe triangle for a chest tube thoracostomy?
a. lat edge of pec major
b. base of axilla
c. ant edge of lat dorsi
d. 5th ICS
c. ant edge of lat dorsi
55
what makes up the superior edge of the safe triangle for a chest tube thoracostomy?
a. lat edge of pec major
b. base of axilla
c. ant edge of lat dorsi
d. 5th ICS
b. base of axilla
56
entry of air into the pleural cavity via a hole in the lung/thoracic wall is known as ..
a. pulmonary embolism
b. pleural effusion
c. pneumothorax
c. pneumothorax
57
what type of pneumothorax occurs when air leaks from the lung without injury to thoracic wall ?
a. spontaneous
b. open
c. tension
a.spontaneous
58
what type of pneumothorax occurs when a gaping hole appears in the thoracic wall, and air can go in and out the hole freely ?
a. spontaneous
b. open simple
c. tension
b.open simple
59
what type of pneumothorax occurs when a small valce like hole in the thoracic wall lets air in with every inhale but not out, this then pushes organs to the opposite side ?
a. spontaneous
b. open simple
c. tension
c.tension
60
what is done in order remove the air in pneumothorax?
a. chest tube thoracostomy
b. thoracocentesis
c. drained with a needle
c.drained with a needle
61
which of these organs C shaped cartilage in order to keep it open?
a. oesophagus
b. trachea
b.trachea
62
what does the trachealis do?
a. keep trachea patent
b. keep oesophagus open
c. constrict trachea when coughing
d. relax trachea when coughing
c.constrict trachea when coughing
63
the trachealis muscle bridges the gap between cartilages
a. anteriorly
b. superiorly
c. inferiorly
d. posteriorly
d. posteriorly
64
where does the trachea run from?
a. c1-t4
b. c2-t4
c. c5-t4
d. c6-t4
d.c6-t4
65
which of these have cartilage
a. alveoli
b. bronchioli
c. bronchi
c.bronchi
66
what does each of the primary bronchi supply?
a. lung
b. lobe
c. bronchopulmonary segment
a.lung
67
what does each of the secondary supply?
a. lung
b. lobe
c. bronchopulmonary segment
b.lobe
68
what does each of the tertiary supply?
a. lung
b. lobe
c. bronchopulmonary segment
c.bronchopulmonary segment
69
what follows the bronchioles divisions?
a. terminal bronchiloli
b. resp bronchioli
c. alveolar ducts
d. alveolar sacs
e. alveoli
a.terminal bronchiloli
70
what follows the terminal bronchioli divisions?
a. terminal bronchiloli
b. resp bronchioli
c. alveolar ducts
d. alveolar sacs
e. alveoli
b.resp bronchioli
71
what follows the alveolar ducts divisions?
a. terminal bronchiloli
b. resp bronchioli
c. alveolar ducts
d. alveolar sacs
e. alveoli
d.alveolar sacs
72
what follows the alveolar sacs divisions?
a. terminal bronchiloli
b. resp bronchioli
c. alveolar ducts
d. alveolar sacs
e. alveoli
e.alveoli
73
how many segmental arteries and segmental bronchys supply a bronchopulmonary segment?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
a.1
74
each segmental vein drains how many bronchopulmonary segments?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3\
d. 4
b.2
75
how many bronchopulmonary segments make up the right lung
a. 8
b. 10
b.10
76
how many bronchopulmonary segments make up the left lung
a. 8
b. 10
a.8
77
which bronchopulmonary segment is most superior on the right lung?
a. apical
b. apicalposterior
c. anterior
d. superior
a.apical
78
which bronchopulmonary segment is most superior on the left lung?
a. apical
b. apicalposterior
c. anterior
d. superior
b.apicalposterior
79
how many bronchopulmonary segments are found in the right superior lobe?
a. 3
b. 2
c. 5
d. 4
e. 4
a. 3
80
how many bronchopulmonary segments are found in the right middle lobe?
a. 3
b. 2
c. 5
d. 4
e. 4
b.2
81
how many bronchopulmonary segments are found in the right inferior lobe?
a. 3
b. 2
c. 5
d. 4
e. 4
c.5
82
how many bronchopulmonary segments are found in the left inferior lobe?
a. 3
b. 2
c. 5
d. 4
e. 4
e.4
83
how many bronchopulmonary segments are found in the left superior lobe?
a. 3
b. 2
c. 5
d. 4
e. 4
d.4
84
which bronchopulmonary segments are found on the lateral side of the right lung?
a. medial basal, posterior basal, superior
b. anterior, apical ,posterior,lateral,medial
c. superior lingual, anterior, anteromedial , lateral basal, anterior , superior
d. anteromedial basal, posterior basal, superior, anterior and apicoposterior
b.anterior, apical ,posterior,lateral,medial
85
which bronchopulmonary segments are found on the medial side of the right lung?
a. medial basal, posterior basal, superior
b. anterior, apical ,posterior,lateral,medial
c. superior lingual, anterior, anteromedial , lateral basal, anterior , superior
d. anteromedial basal, posterior basal, superior, anterior and apicoposterior
a.medial basal, posterior basal, superior
86
which bronchopulmonary segments are found on the medial side of the left lung?
a. medial basal, posterior basal, superior
b. anterior, apical ,posterior,lateral,medial
c. superior lingual, anterior, anteromedial , lateral basal, anterior , superior
d. anteromedial basal, posterior basal, superior, anterior and apicoposterior
d.anteromedial basal, posterior basal, superior, anterior and apicoposterior
87
which bronchopulmonary segments are found on the mediall side of the left lung?
a. medial basal, posterior basal, superior
b. anterior, apical ,posterior,lateral,medial
c. superior lingual, anterior, anteromedial , lateral basal, anterior , superior
d. anteromedial basal, posterior basal, superior, anterior and apicoposterior
d.anteromedial basal, posterior basal, superior, anterior and apicoposterior
88
which bronchus is more vertical and wider so inhaled objects enter it?
a. left
b. right
b.right
inhaled bite down the right
89
which segment does aspirated fluid enter if lying supine?
a. left superior
b. right superior
c. left inferior
d. right and left inferior
b.right superior
90
which segment does aspirated fluid enter if sitting/standed?
a. left superior
b. right superior
c. left inferior
d. right and left inferior
d.right and left inferior
91
in expiration where does the left dome of the diaphragm rise to?
a. 5th rib
b. 5th ICS
b.5th ICS
92
in expiration where does the right dome of the diaphragm rise to?
a. 5th rib
b. 5th ICS
a. 5th rib
93
what does the sternal part of the diaphragm attach to?
a. xiphoid
b. inferior 6 costal cartilages and ribs
c. arcurate ligaments
a.xiphoid
94
what does the costal part of the diaphragm attach to?
a. xiphoid
b. inferior 6 costal cartilages and ribs
c. arcurate ligaments
b.inferior 6 costal cartilages and ribs
95
what does the lumbar part of the diaphragm attach to?
a. xiphoid
b. inferior 6 costal cartilages and ribs
c. arcurate ligaments
c.arcurate ligaments
96
how many lateral arcurate ligaments are there?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
b.2
97
how many medial arcurate ligaments are there?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
b.2
98
how many median arcurate ligaments are there?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
a.1
99
which arcurate ligament arches over the muscle called the quadratus lumborum?
a. lateral
b. medial
c. median
a.lateral
100
which arcurate ligament arches over the muscle called the psoas major ?
a. lateral
b. medial
c. median
b.medial
101
which arcurate ligament arches over the aorta at the L1 level ?
a. lateral
b. medial
c. median
c.median
102
what the the R and L crura of the median arcurate ligament attach to?
a. cervical vertebrae
b. thoracic vertebrae
c. lumbar vertebrae
c. lumbar vertebrae
103
what is the most anterior opening of the diaphragm?
a. oesophageal foramen
b. aortic hiatus
c. caval foramen
c.caval foramen
104
what is the most medial opening of the diaphragm?
a. oesophageal foramen
b. aortic hiatus
c. caval foramen
a.oesophageal foramen
105
what is the most posterior opening of the diaphragm?
a. oesophageal foramen
b. aortic hiatus
c. caval foramen
b.aortic hiatus
106
the oesophagus and vagus nerves run through which diaphragmatic opening at t10 level?
a. oesophageal foramen
b. aortic hiatus
c. caval foramen
a.oesophageal foramen
107
the aorta, thoracic duct and azygous vein run through which diaphragmatic opening at t12 level?
a. oesophageal foramen
b. aortic hiatus
c. caval foramen
b.aortic hiatus
108
the IVC run through which diaphragmatic opening at t8 level?
a. oesophageal foramen
b. aortic hiatus
c. caval foramen
c.caval foramen
109
what level does the vena cava pass through the caval foramen?
a. t8
b. t10
c. t12
a.t8
110
what level does the aortic hiatus pass through the diaphragm?
a. t8
b. t10
c. t12
c.t12
111
what level does the oesophageal foramen pass through the diaphragm?
a. t8
b. t10
c. t12
b.t10
112
what opening of the diaphragm is formed by the median arcurate ligament and t12 vertebrae
a. oesophageal foramen
b. aortic hiatus
c. caval foramen
b.aortic hiatus
113
what does the r phrenic nerve run through in the diaphragm to supply motor innervation?
a. caval foramen
b. oesophageal foramen
c. aortic hiatus
a.caval foramen
114
what does the l phrenic nerve run through in the diaphragm to supply motor innervation?
a. caval foramen
b. oesophageal foramen
c. aortic hiatus
d. pierces diaphragm alone
d.pierces diaphragm alone
115
each phrenic nerve innervates a hemidiaphragm. if a phrenic nerve is damaged..
a. that side of the diaphragm is paralysed
b. the opposite side of the diaphragm is paralysed
c. the whole diaphragm is paralysed
a.that side of the diaphragm is paralysed
116
sensory innervation to the peripheral part of the diaphragm is provided by which nerves?
a. phrenic
b. axillary
c. lower 6 intercostal
d. lower 6 intercostal and subcostal
d. lower 6 intercostal and subcostal
117
which blood vessels supply the diaphragm
a. thoracic and azygous
b. musculophrenic and pericardiophrenic, inferior and superior phrenic
c. phrenic and subcostal
b.musculophrenic and pericardiophrenic
inferior and superior phrenic
from internal thoracic
from aorta
118
which of these vessels runs with the phrenic nerve?
b. musculophrenic
c. pericardiophrenic
c. pericardiophrenic
119
where does the musculophrenic artery run?
a. costal margin
b. phrenic nerve
a.costal margin
120
where do the inferior and superior phrenic arteries run?
a. costal margin
b. phrenic nerve
c. inferior and superior surfaces of diaphragm
c.inferior and superior surfaces of diaphragm
121
which ribs flare elevate in inspiration?
a. 1-10
b. 2-10
c. 1-6
b.2-10
122
bucket handle motion moves which ribs in inspiration?
a. 7-10
b. 1-10
c. 2-6
a.7-10
123
pump handle motion moves which ribs in inspiration?
a. 7-10
b. 1-10
c. 2-6
c.2-6
