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BCR 1 > Anatomy- The Mediastinum > Flashcards

Anatomy- The Mediastinum Flashcards

1
Q

what makes up the thoracic cavity?

a. lungs
b. lungs and pleua
c. lungs pleura and mediastinum
d. mediastinum and pleura

A

c.lungs pleura and mediastinum

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2
Q

which part of the mediastinum is further divided into a anterior middle and posterior?

a. lungs and pleura
b. superior
c. inferior

A

c.inferior

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3
Q

the transverse thoracic plane passes through the sternal angle, the manubriosternal joint and what other structure?

a. t4/5 intervertebral disc
b. t5/6 intervertebral disc
d. t4 vertebrae
e. t5 vertebrae

A

a.t4/5 intervertebral disc

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4
Q

what does the transverse thoracic plane separate?

a. the superior and posterior mediastinum
b. the superior and inferior mediastinum
c. the anterior and middle inferior mediastinum
d. the posterior and middle inferior mediastinum

A

b.the superior and inferior mediastinum

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5
Q

the pericardium, heart, parts of great vessels, main brinchi nerves and lymph nodes make up which part of the mediastinum?

a. superior
b. anterior inferior
c. posterior inferior
d. middle inferior

A

d.middle inferior

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6
Q

what section of the inferior mediastinum is the smallest and is accesed via sternotomy?

a. middle
b. anterior
c. posterior

A

b.anterior

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7
Q

during a sternotomy where is the incision made?

a. sternal notch
b. transverse thoracic plane
c. between jugular notch & xiphoid

A

c.between jugular notch & xiphoid

vertical incision

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8
Q

what is the name for the process that involves cutting the sternum in the midline?

a. sternotomy
b. osteotomy

A

b.osteotomy

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9
Q

after the sternum is detracted what structures are dttached with the fingers?

.the pericardial sac

b. the sternopericardial ligaments
dc. the ribs
b. the thoarcic wall

A

b. the sternopericardial ligaments

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10
Q

what is the role of the sternopericardial ligamments?

a. attach ribs to thoracic wall
b. anchor pericardium to ribs
c. anchor pericardium to sternum

A

c.anchor pericardium to sternum

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11
Q

which section of the inferior mediastinum contains the sternopericardial ligamments, lymph nodes ,internal thoracic vessels and part of the thymus?

a. anterior
b. posterior
c. middle

A

a.anterior

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12
Q

what is found in the anterior mediastinum?

a.descending thoracic aorta,Azygos & hemiazygos venous systems
•Thoracic duct
•Esophagus
•Sympathetic trunks
•Intercostal vessels (posterior)
•Vagus nerves

b.the internal thoracic vessels, part of the thymus, lymph nodes, sternopericardial ligaments

c.pericardium, heart,
parts of the great vessels, main bronchi,
nerves & lymph nodes

A

b.the internal thoracic vessels, part of the thymus, lymph nodes, sternopericardial ligaments

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13
Q

what is found in the posterior mediastinum?

a.descending thoracic aorta,Azygos & hemiazygos venous systems
•Thoracic duct
•Esophagus
•Sympathetic trunks
•Intercostal vessels (posterior)
•Vagus nerves

b.the internal thoracic vessels, part of the thymus, lymph nodes, sternopericardial ligaments

c.pericardium, heart,
parts of the great vessels, main bronchi,
nerves & lymph nodes

A 
a.descending thoracic aorta,Azygos & hemiazygos venous systems
•Thoracic duct
•Esophagus
•Sympathetic trunks
•Intercostal vessels (posterior)
•Vagus nerves

DATES In Vagus

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14
Q

what cells mature in the thymus?

a. b cells
b. rbc
c. t cells
d. NK cells

A

c.t cells

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15
Q

what happens to the thymus after puberty?

a. it grows in size
b,it moves
c.it starts to atrophy and becomes fatty CT
d.it starts to atrophy and becomes muscular CT

A

c.it starts to atrophy and becomes fatty CT

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16
Q

Which vessels supply blood to the anterior mediastinum?

a,barchiocephalic, subclavian

b. internal thoracic, anterior intercostal
c. superior vena cava and azygous

A

b.internal thoracic, anterior intercostal

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17
Q

internal thoracic, anterior intercostal supply which part of the mediastinum?

a. superior
b. middle inf
c. posterior inf
d. anterior inf

A

d.anterior inf

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18
Q

brachiocephalic, internal thoracic, inferior thyroid drain which part of the mediastinum

a. superior
b. middle inf
c. posterior inf
d. anterior inf

A

d.anterior inf

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19
Q

which section of the mediastinum lies anterior to the t1-t4 vertebrae, posterior to the manubrium , medial to the mediastinal pleurae and inferior to the superior thoracic apeture

a. superior
b. middle inf
c. posterior inf
d. anterior inf

A

a.superior

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20
Q

The superior mediastinum lies anterior to the …

a. t2-t4 vertebrae
b. t1-t4 vertebrae
c. t1-t5 vertebrae
d. c5-t1 vertebrae

A

b.t1-t4 vertebrae

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21
Q

The superior mediastinum lies posterior to the …

a. mediastinal pleura
b. pericardium
c. body of th sternum
d. manubrium

A

d.manubrium

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22
Q

The anterior mediastinum lies posterior to the …

a. mediastinal pleura
b. pericardium
c. body of th sternum
d. manubrium

A

c.body of th sternum

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23
Q

The anterior mediastinum lies anterior to the …

a. mediastinal pleura
b. pericardium
c. body of the sternum
d. manubrium

A

b.pericardium

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24
Q

The superior mediastinum lies medial to the …

a. mediastinal pleura
b. pericardium
c. body of th sternum
d. manubrium

A

a.mediastinal pleura

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25
Q

The superior mediastinum lies inferior to the …

a. mediastinal pleura
b. pericardium
c. body of th sternum
d. manubrium
e. superior thoracic apeture

A

e.superior thoracic apeture

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26
Q 
which section pf the mediastinum contains the 
eck muscles
 Thymus
 Great Vessels
 L & R Brachiocephalic veins
 Superior vena cava & Arch of Azygos
 Arch of aorta & branches
 Nerves: Phrenic, Vagus, L Recurrent laryngeal
 Trachea
 Oesophagus
 Thoracic duct
 Lymph nodes

a. superior
b. middle inf
c. posterior inf
d. anterior inf

A

a.superior

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27
Q

which part of the mediastinum are the great vessels (L & R Brachiocephalic veins
Superior vena cava
Arch of Azygos
Arch of aorta & branches) found in?

a. superior
b. middle inf
c. posterior inf
d. anterior inf

A

a.superior

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28
Q

which of these nerves are not found in the superior mediastinum?

a. phrenic
b. vagus
c. L recurrent laryngeal
d. right recurrent larangeal

A

d.right recurrent larangeal

VPL

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29
Q

the phrenic, vagus and left recurrent larangeal nerve are found in which section of the mediastinum?

a. superior
b. middle inf
c. posterior inf
d. anterior inf

A

a.superior

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30
Q

trachea and oesophagus are found in which section of the mediastinum?

a. superior
b. middle inf
c. posterior inf
d. anterior inf

A

a.superior

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31
Q

the thoracic duct and lymph nodes are found in which section of the mediastinum?

a. superior
b. middle inf
c. posterior inf
d. anterior inf

A

a.superior

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32
Q

the union of an internal jugular vein and subclavian vein forms which vein?

a. vena cava
b. brachiocephalic
c. common carotid
d. coronary

A

b.brachiocephalic

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33
Q

the L and R brachiocephalic veins join together to form which vein?

a. vena cava
b. brachiocephalic
c. common carotid
d. coronary

A

a.vena cava

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34
Q

which vein drains structures superior to the diaphragm?

a. SVC
b. IVC
c. brachiocephalic

A

a.SVC

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35
Q

which vein drains the head and neck

a. superior vena cava
b. brachiocephalic
c. internal jugular vein
d. subclavian

A

c.internal jugular vein

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36
Q

which vein drains the upper limb?

a. superior vena cava
b. brachiocephalic
c. internal jugular vein
d. subclavian

A

d.subclavian

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37
Q

what does the brachiocephalic trunk divide into?

a. left subclavian and left common carotid arteries
b. right subclavian and right common carotid arteries
c. internal jugular and subclavian vein

A

b.right subclavian and right common carotid arteries

38
Q

from right to left what is the correct order of the branches of the aorta?

A. Lsubclavian a . L common carotid, R common carotid, R subclavian

b. R common carotid , R subclavian, L common carotid , L subclavian
c. R subclavian, R common carotid, L common carotid, L subclavian

A

c.R subclavian, R common carotid, L common carotid, L subclavian

sub sandwhich sub on outside

39
Q

what does the r subclavian supply

a. r head and neck
b. r upper limb
c. l upper limb
d. l head and necl

A

b,r upper limb

40
Q

what does the r common carotid supply

a. r head and neck
b. r upper limb
c. l upper limb
d. l head and neck

A

r head and neck

41
Q

what does the l common carotid supply

a. r head and neck
b. r upper limb
c. l upper limb
d. l head and neck

A

l head and neck

42
Q

what does the l subclavian supply

a. r head and neck
b. r upper limb
c. l upper limb
d. l head and neck

A

c.l upper limb

43
Q

the pleura , pericardium and diaphragm are supplied by which nerve?

a. sympathtic chain
b. phrenic
c. vagus

A

b.phrenic

44
Q

the muscles of the larynx and parasympathetic innervation to internal organs are supplied by which nerve?

a. sympathtic chain
b. phrenic
c. vagus

A

c.vagus

45
Q

which nerve runs from neck to thorax to abdomen?

a. sympathtic chain
b. phrenic
c. vagus

A

c.vagus

46
Q

what does the sympathetic chain give off?

a. sensory nerves
b. phrenic nerves
c. splanchic nerves

A

c.splanchic nerves

47
Q

which nerve is most anterior?

a. sympathtic chain
b. phrenic
c. vagus

A

b.phrenic

48
Q

which nerve is most posterior ?

a. sympathtic chain
b. phrenic
c. vagus

A

a.sympathtic chain

49
Q

which spinal nerves form the phrenic nerve?

a. c3,c4,c5
b. c4,c5,c6
c. c5,c6,c7

A

a.c3,c4,c5

50
Q

what do the phrenic nerves run anteror to in the neck?

a. trapezoid
b. posterior scalene
b. anaterior scalene
c. serratus anterior

A

b.anaterior scalene

51
Q

which two structures do the phrenic nerves run between after leaving the neck?

a. pericardium and heart
b. pericardium and pleura
c. trachea and oesophagus

A

b.pericardium and pleura

52
Q

true or false the phrenic nerves supply the diaphragm, oesophagus and trachea with sensory innervation only

A

false thet supply them with sensory AND / or motor innervation

53
Q

Which vessels run with the phrenic nerve ?

A.internal jugular veins
B’subclavian arteries
D.internal thoracic
E.pericardiophrenic

A

E.pericardiophrenic

54
Q

What does the vagus nerve pass through after exiting the brain stem on both sides ?

A.the diaphragm
B’the jugular foramen
C.foramen ovale

A

B’the jugular foramen

55
Q

From medial to lateral what’s the correct order of nerves?

A.phrenic,vagus,sympathetic chain
B.vagus,phrenic, sympathetic chain
C.sympathetic chain, vagus,phrenic

A

C.sympathetic chain, vagus,phrenic

56
Q

Which vessels do the vagus nerve rub down the neck to the thorax with ?

A.subclavian arteries
B.common carotid arteries
C. Internal jugular veins

A

B.common carotid arteries

57
Q

The throat refers to ..

A.the pharynx
B.the larynx

A

A.the pharynx

58
Q

the voicebox refers to the

a. pharynx
b. larynx
c. conchae

A

b.larynx

59
Q

at what level do the superior larangeal nerves emerge from the vagus nerve?

a. trachea
b. superior face of larynx
c. superior face of pharynx

A

b.superior face of larynx

60
Q

at what level do the recurrent laryngeal nerves emerge from the vagus nerve?

a. inferior to the larynx at the trachea
b. superior face of larynx
c. superior face of pharynx

A

a.inferior to the larynx at the trachea

61
Q

which vessel does the left recurrent larangeal nerve hook under?

a. superior vena cava
b. inferior vena cava
d. aorta
e. subclavian artery

A

d.aorta

62
Q

which vessel does the right recurrent larangeal nerve hook under?

a. superior vena cava
b. inferior vena cava
d. aorta
e. right subclavian artery

A

e.right subclavian artery

63
Q

the recurrent laryngeal nerves run up from the vagus nerves, after they hook beneath their respective major vessels what two structures do they run between to the larynx?

a. trachea and oesophagus
b. mediastinum and pleura
c. pericardium and pleura
d. oesophagus and vertebrae

A

a.trachea and oesophagus

64
Q

after giving off the recurrent laryngeal nerves what do the vagus nerves supply parasympathetic innervation to?

a. most abdominal organs
b. cardiac plexus
c. cardiac and pulmonary plexuses
d. larynx

A

c.cardiac and pulmonary plexuses

65
Q

paraympathetic innervation of the cardiac and pulmonary plexuses is supplied by which nerves?

a. vagus nerve
b. superior laryngeal
c. recurrent larangeal
d. sympathetic chain
e. phrenic nerve

A

a.vagus nerve

66
Q

what effect does parasympathetic innervation of the cardiac and pulmonary plexuses have?

a. increases heart rate and breathing, bronchodilation of bronchioles
b. decreases heart rate and breathing, bronchodilation of bronchioles
c. decreases heart rate and breathing, bronchoconstriction of bronchioles

A

c. decreases heart rate and breathing, bronchoconstriction of bronchioles

67
Q

after supplying the cardiac and pulmonary plexuses with parasympathetic innervation where do the vagus nerves run?

a. through the diaphragm
b. through the pericardium
c. through the pleura

A

a.through the diaphragm

and give parasympathetic innervation to most abdominal organs and transmit sensory info from them to the brain

68
Q

which phrenic nerve descends lateral to the superior and inferior vena cava, but superficial to the pericardium?

a. left phrenic nerve
b. right phrenic nerve

A

b.right phrenic nerve

69
Q

what does the right phrenic nerve descend superficial to?

a. myocardium
b. pleura
c. superior and inferior vena cava
d. pericardium

A

d.pericardium

70
Q

which phrenic nerve runs lateral to the left subclavian artery then superficial to the pericardium overlying the left atrium and ventricle?

a. right
b. left

A

b.left

71
Q

what vessel does the left phrenic nerve descend lateral to?

a. superior and inferior vena cava
b. left subclavian artery
c. aorta

d,left subclavian vein

A

b.left subclavian artery

72
Q

what vessel does the vagus nerve descend laterally to before branching the right recurrent larangeal nerve ?

a. right subclavian artery
b. right common carotid
c. right brachiocephaic
d. superior and inferior vena cava

A

a.right subclavian artery

73
Q

what two structures does the right vagus nerve run between?

a. l common carotid and l subclavian
b. trachea and r brachiocephallic trunk
c. oesophagus and r brachiocephallic trunk
d. trachea and oesophagus

A

b.trachea and r brachiocephallic trunk

74
Q

what two structures does the left vagus nerve run between?

a. l common carotid and l subclavian
b. trachea and r brachiocephallic trunk
c. oesophagus and r brachiocephallic trunk
d. trachea and oesophagus

A

a.l common carotid and l subclavian

75
Q

which nerve runs posterior to the hila of the lung?

a. vagus
b. phrenic

A

a.vagus

76
Q

which nerve runs anterior to the hila of the lung?

a. vagus
b. phrenic

A

b.phrenic

77
Q

aneurysm of the aorta or mediastinal tumour can lead to compression of which nerve?

a right recurrent larangeal

b. right superior larangeal
c. left recurrent larangeal
b. left superior larangeal

A

c.left recurrent larangeal

78
Q

compression of the left recurrent nerve leads to what symptom?

a. tremor
b. syncope
c. numbness
d. tingling
e. hoarseness of voice

A

e.hoarseness of voice

79
Q

what structure extends from the pharynx to the stomach?

a. trachea
b. oesophagus
b. vagus nerve
d. left recurrent larangeal nerve

A

b. oesophagus

80
Q

at what level does the oesophagus pierce the diaphragm?

a. t4
c. t1
d. t10

A

d.t10

81
Q

along with the oesophagus what other structures pierce the diaphragm at t10 level?

a. l and r recurrent larangeal
b. phrenic nerves
c. anterior and posterior vagal trunks
d. vagus nerves

A

c.anterior and posterior vagal trunks

continuation of the vagus nerves

82
Q

where does the thoracic duct drain lymph from the majority of the body to?

a. right venous angle
b. left venous angle

A

b.left venous angle

83
Q

which two veins make up the venous angle?

a. common carotid and subclavian veins
b. internal jugular and subclavian veins
c. superior and inferior vena cava
d. left and right braciocephalic veins

A

b. internal jugular and subclavian veins

84
Q

other than reabsorption of interstitial fluid and immune function what is the 3rd role of the lymphatic system

a. protein transport
b. fat absorption
d. homeostatic function

A

b.fat absorption

85
Q

the cisterna chyli is a sac in the abdomen what is the role of this structure?

a. drains to thoracic duct
b. drains to lymph nodes
c. drains to SVC

A

a.drains to thoracic duct

86
Q

the thoracic duct recieves lymph from…

a. body parts superior to the diaphragm and the left lower side of the body
b. body parts inferior to the diaphragm and the left lower side of the body
c. body parts inferior to the diaphragm and the left upper side of the body

A

c.body parts inferior to the diaphragm and the left upper side of the body

87
Q

where does the upper right side of the body drain to?

a. left lymphatic duct
b. left thoracic duct
c. r venous angle
d. right lymphatic duct

A

d.right lymphatic duct

88
Q

what structures make up the posterior mediastinum?

a. descending thoracic aorta, azygous and hemiazygous veins, thoracic duct, eosophagus, sympathetic trunks, intercostal vessels, vagus nerves
b. ascending thoracic aorta, azygous and hemiazygous veins, thoracic duct, eosophagus, sympathtic trunks, intercostal vessels, vagus nerves
c. descending thoracic aorta, azygous and hemiazygous arteries, thoracic duct, eosophagus, sympathetic trunks, intercostal vessels, vagus nerves

A

a.descending thoracic aorta, azygous and hemiazygous veins, thoracic duct, eosophagus, sympathetic trunks, intercostal vessels, vagus nerves

89
Q

which section of the mediastinum has a posterior border made up of the t5-t12 vertebrae?

a. superior
b. anterior
c. middle
d. posterior

A

d.posterior

90
Q

which section of the mediastinum has a posterior border made up of the t1-t4 vertebrae?

a. superior
b. anterior
c. middle
d. posterior

A

a.superior

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