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BCR 1 > Anatomy - Practical 06 : Gross Anatomy of the Heart ; Internal features > Flashcards

Anatomy - Practical 06 : Gross Anatomy of the Heart ; Internal features Flashcards

1
Q

closure of which valve causes the lub heart sound

a.AV
bSL

A

a.AV

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2
Q

closure of which valve causes the dub heart sound

a. AV
b. SL

A

b.SL

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3
Q

what prevents the inversion of the AV valves during ventricular contraction?

a. papillary muscles
b. pectinate muscles
c. chordae tendinae

A

c.chordae tendinae

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4
Q

as the ventricle empties pressure fallas below aortic pressure the blood flow reverses back to the ventricle and fills the aortic cusps closing the valve. this causes which sound

a. lub
b. dub

A

b.dub

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5
Q

where is the aortic valve auscultated?

a. 2nd ICS, right parasternal
b. 2nd ICS, left parasternal
c. 5th ICS, left parasternal
d. 5th ICS midclavicular line

A

a.2nd ICS, right parasternal

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6
Q

where is the pulmonary valve auscultated?

a. 2nd ICS, right parasternal
b. 2nd ICS, left parasternal
c. 5th ICS, left parasternal
d. 5th ICS midclavicular line

A

b.2nd ICS, left parasternal

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7
Q

where is the tricuspid valve auscultated?

a. 2nd ICS, right parasternal
b. 2nd ICS, left parasternal
c. 5th ICS, left parasternal
d. 5th ICS midclavicular line

A

c.5th ICS, left parasternal

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8
Q

where is the mitral valve auscultated?

a. 2nd ICS, right parasternal
b. 2nd ICS, left parasternal
c. 5th ICS, left parasternal
d. 5th ICS midclavicular line

A

d.5th ICS midclavicular line

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9
Q

what is a stenosis?

a. stiffening of a vessel
b. stiffening of a valve
c. stiffening of a heart chamber

A

b.stiffening of a valve

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10
Q

regurgitation caused by failure of a valve to close fully (due to stiffening or prolapse of valve leaflets into chamber) is known as

a. stenosis
b. incompetence
c. atresia

A

b. incompetence

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11
Q

a congenital defect in which the valve has not formed and is closed off is known as

a. stenosis
b. incompetence
c. atresia

A

c.atresia

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12
Q

what is the main cause of valve damage?

a,aging

b. rheumatic fever
c. endocarditis
d. marfans
e. tumours

A

a,aging

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13
Q

what develops from untreated strep throat / scarlet fever and can then lead to valve damage

a. scarlet fever
b. rheumatic fever
c. endocarditis

A

b.rheumatic fever

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14
Q

what happens to pulmonary vascular resistance immediately after lungs inflate at birth birth?

a. increase
b. decrease

A

b.decrease

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15
Q

decreased placental prostaglandins and increased o2 has what effect on the ductus arterious

a. dilates
b. constricts

A

b.constricts

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16
Q

what effect does clamping of the umbilical vein have on systemic resistance?

a. increase
b. decrease

A

a.increase

as blood cant flow into placenta

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17
Q

what closes when the pressure in the LA>RA causing two leaflets to close?

a. ductus arteriosus
b. foramen ovale

A

b.foramen ovale

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18
Q

what is the initial thin flap of the atrial septum known as

a. foramen primum
b. foramen secundum
c. septum secundum
d. septum primum

A

d.septum primum

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19
Q

what is the initial communication between the atria known as

a. foramen primum
b. foramen secundum
c. septum secundum
d. septum primum

A

a.foramen primum

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20
Q

what is the second communication between the atria that develops in the septum primum known as

a. foramen primum
b. foramen secundum
c. septum secundum
d. septum primum

A

b.foramen secundum

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21
Q

what is the second thicker flap that grows on the right side of the septum primum known as

a. foramen primum
b. foramen secundum
c. septum secundum
d. septum primum

A

c.septum secundum

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22
Q

what side of the septum primum does the septum secundrum grow on?

a. left
b. right

A

b.right

23
Q

the pressure in which chamber is greater in fetal life and so keeps the 2 flaps of the atrial septum seperate?

a. right atrium
b. left atrium

A

a.right

24
Q

at birth the pressure is greater in which vessel closing the 2 flaps of the atrial septum

a. left atrium
b. right atrium

A

a.left atrium

25
Q

when the two cusps of the septum have not fused it is known as

a. stenosis
b. atresia
c. incompetence
d. patent foramen ovale

A

d.patent foramen ovale

26
Q

in which of these situations would blood not pass from RA to LA in a patient with a patent foramen ovale?

a. straining
b. coughing
c. lying down

A

c.lying down

pressure in RA must be elevated for flow

27
Q

where is the hole made to pass a catheter into the LA in transseptal transcatheter intervention

a. iv septum
b. atrial septum
c. foramen ovale
d. fossa ovalis

A

d.fossa ovalis

28
Q

a congenital defect in the interatrial septum that allows blood to move between atria is known as..

a. patent foramen ovale
b. atrial septal defect
c. patent ductus arteriousus

A

b.atrial septal defect

29
Q

what type of shunt is there in atrial septal defect?

a. RA->LA
b. LA->RA

A

b. LA->RA

left to right

30
Q

what can be caused by the left to right shunt in atrial septal defect

a. pulmonary hypotension and RA dilation
b. pulmonary hypotension and LA dilation
c. pulmonary hypertension and RA dilation

A

c.pulmonary hypertension and RA dilation

increased load on right can cause failure

31
Q

what normally causes closure of the patent ductus arteriosus?

a. decreased blood o2 and decreased placental prostaglandins
b. increased blood o2 and decreased placental prostaglandins
c. increased blood o2 and increased placental prostaglandins

A

b.increased blood o2 and decreased placental prostaglandins

32
Q

rubella in pregnancy, hypoxia and prematurity can lead to..

a.patent foramen ovale
b.atrial septal defect
c/patent ductus arteriosus

A

c/patent ductus arteriosus

33
Q

if what structure fails to close blood will flow from the aorta to the pulmonary artery

a.patent foramen ovale
b.atrial septal defect
c/patent ductus arteriosus

A

c/patent ductus arteriosus

34
Q

flow of blood from the aorta to the pulmonary artery in ductus arteriosus can lead to..

a. pulmonary hypotension
b. pulmonary hypertension

A

b.pulmonary hypertension

35
Q

how does patent ductus arteriosus lead to heart failure

a.mix of oxy and deoxy , HR increase and heart strain

A

a.mix of oxy and deoxy , HR increase and heart strain

36
Q

what nerve is at risk if the patent ductus arteriosus is ligated

a. phrenic
b. musculophrenic
c. l recurrent larangeal

A

c.l recurrent larangeal

37
Q

what can close a patent DA ?

a. paracetemol
b. NSAIDS
c. ibuprofen

A

c.ibuprofen

38
Q

constriction of the aorta may be caused by which structure

a. DA
b. FO

A

a.DA

39
Q

where does coarctation occur

a. descending aorta
b. ascending aorta
c. aortic arch/more distal

A

c. aortic arch/more distal

40
Q

in a neonate with coarctation what may result when the DA closes?

a. tachycardia
b. bradycardia
c. LV dysfunction

A

c.LV dysfunction

41
Q

pulse absent in the lower limbs, hugher bp in upper limbs than lower and lv dysfunction occur in neonates with..

a.patent foramen ovale
b.atrial septal defect
c/patent ductus arteriosus
d.coarctation of the aorta

A

d.coarctation of the aorta

42
Q

an inferior muscular outgrowth and and a small superior membranous outgrowth which meet and fuse form the..

a. atrial septum
b. interventricular septum

A

b.interventricular septum

43
Q

ventricular septal defects results in communication between ventricles. what causes this

a. failure of fusion of vs
b. failure in development of vs
c. failure in fusion and development of vs

A

c.failure in fusion and development of vs

44
Q

larger ventricular septal defects cause shunt of oxygenated blood from..

a. LA-RA
b. RA-LA
c. LV-RV
d. RV-LV

A

c.LV-RV

45
Q

what is the effect of ventricular septal defects on blood pressure

a. hypotension
b. hypertension

A

b.hypertension

46
Q

what is the common tract of the pulmonary artery and aorta known as

a. ductus arteriosus
b. foramen ovale
c. truncus arteriosus

A

c.truncus arteriosus

47
Q

what shape is the aorticopulmonary septum

a. tube
b. spiral
c. pyramid

A

b.spiral

48
Q

ventricular septal defect and pulmonary hypertension accompany. which defect?

a.patent foramen ovale
b.atrial septal defect
c/patent ductus arteriosus
d.coarctation of the aorta
e,persistent truncus arteriousus

A

e,persistent truncus arteriousus

49
Q

in transposition of the great vessels the septum does not spiral. As a result the RV connects to the aorta and the LV connects to the ..

a. pulmonary vein
b. pulmonary trunk
c. SVC

A

b.pulmonary trunk

50
Q

true or false in transposition of the great vessels there are 2 separate circuits so the baby will die unless there are also septal defects allowing mixing of the blood

a. true
b. false

A

a.true

51
Q

how many defects arise from rightward deviation of the outlet ventricular septum

a. 1
b. 3
c. 4

A

c.4

tetrology of fallot

52
Q

movement in which direction causes tetrology of fallot of the outlet ventricular septum such that the pulmonary artery is smaller and the aorta larger

a. left
b. right

A

b.right

53
Q

hypertrophy of the RV
stenosed pulmonary artery
ventricular septal defect
overiding aorta

A

tetrology of fallot

54
Q

which defect is indicated by cyanosis

A

tetrology of fallot

BCR 1 (60 decks)

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