Pathology - Hypertension: classification, causes and consequences

Question 1

what is the cause of most vascular disease?

a. hypertension
b. smoking
c. atherosclerosis

Answer 1

c.atherosclerosis

Question 2

what is the most significant risk factor for atherosclerosis?

a. family history of cvd
b. hypertension
c. diabetes mellitus
d. smoking

Answer 2

b.hypertension

Question 3

which of these is not relted to hypertension?

a. atheroscelrosis
n. chronic kidney disease
c. heart failure
d. MI

Answer 3

d.MI

Question 4

true or false hypertension is asymptomatic?

a. true
b. false

Answer 4

a.true

Question 5

which value refers to the maximum pressure in vesels after cardiac contraction?

a. diastolic
b. systolic

Answer 5

b.systolic

Question 6

which value refers to the minimum pressure in vessels during cardiac relaxation?

a. diastolic
b. systolic

Answer 6

a.diastolic

Question 7

what is considered normal blood pressure?

a. 120/80 - 140/90
b. 90/70 -120/80
c. 100/60-120/80
d. 90/60-120/80

Answer 7

d.90/60-120/80

Question 8

what is considered high normal blood pressure?

a. 120/80 - 140/90
b. 90/70 -120/80
c. 100/60-120/80
d. 90/60-120/80

Answer 8

a.120/80 - 140/90

Question 9

patient has clinic BP of 140/90 what stage of hypertension would this be classified as?

a. 1
b. 2
c. 3

Answer 9

a.1

Question 10

patient has clinic BP of 160/100 what stage of hypertension would this be classified as?

a. 1
b. 2
c. 3

Answer 10

b.2

Question 11

patient has clinic BP of 180/120 what stage of hypertension would this be classified as?

a. 1
b. 2
c. 3

Answer 11

c.3

Question 12

patient has home/ambulatory daytime BP of 135/85 what stage of hypertension would this be classified as?

a. 1
b. 2
c. 3

Answer 12

a.1

Question 13

patient has home/ambulatory daytime BP of 150/95 what stage of hypertension would this be classified as?

a. 1
b. 2
c. 3

Answer 13

c.3

Question 14

in what group is isolated systolic hypertension most common in?

a. obese
b. young
c. old
d. smokers

Answer 14

c.old

Question 15

what is the correct order of the 3 steps when investigating a patient with hypertension?

a. look for evidence of target organ damage, look for evidence of secondary cause, establish if hypertension vs white coat
b. establish if hypertension vs white coat, look for evidence of target organ damage, look for evidence of secondary cause

Answer 15

b.establish if hypertension vs white coat, look for evidence of target organ damage, look for evidence of secondary cause

Question 16

which of these conditions results in excessive production of aldostereone?

a. cushings
b. phaeochromocytoma
c. intrinsic renal disease
d. primary hyperaldosteronism

Answer 16

d.primary hyperaldosteronism

Question 17

cushings syndrome is characterised by what?

a. excess of corticosteroid production
b. excess catecholamine production
c. excess aldosterone productiion

Answer 17

a.excess of corticosteroid production

Question 18

phaeochromocytoma is characterised by what?

a. excess of corticosteroid production
b. excess catecholamine production
c. excess aldosterone production

Answer 18

b.excess catecholamine production

Question 19

a narrowing of the main artery supplying the kidney is known as?

a. intrinsic renal disease
b. coarctation of the kidney
c. renal artery stenosis

Answer 19

c.renal artery stenosis

Question 20

glomerulonephritis is an example of which secondary cause of hypertension`/

a. intrinsic renal disease
b. coarctation of the kidney
c. renal artery stenosis

Answer 20

a.intrinsic renal disease

Question 21

what is narrowing of the aorta referred to as?

a. aortic stenosis
b. atherosclerosis
c. coarctation

Answer 21

c.coarctation

Question 22

which of these is a secondary cause of hypertension?

a. obstructive sleep apnoea
b. dyspnoea
c. paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea

Answer 22

a.obstructive sleep apnoea