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BCR 1 > Physiology - Haemostasis and clot lysis > Flashcards

Physiology - Haemostasis and clot lysis Flashcards

1
Q

what is the correct order of the stages of haemostasis?

a. vascular spasms, platelet plug formation, coagulation
b. coagulation, vascular spasms, platelet plug formation
c. platelet plug formation, coagulation, vascular spasms

A

a. vascular spasms, platelet plug formation, coagulation

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2
Q

which of these best defines haemostasis?

a. maintenance of electrolyte balance in the blood
b. immediate vasoconstriction in response to injury
c. prevention of blood loss

A

c. prevention of blood loss

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3
Q

in which stage of haemostasis does blood clotting occur?

a. coagulation
b. platelet plug formation
c. vascular spasms

A

a. coagulation

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4
Q

damage to the blood vessel wall leads to

a. vasodilation
b. vasoconstriction

A

b.vasoconstriction

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5
Q

which of these does not contribute to the vasoconstriction following damage to the blood vessel wall

a. nervous reflexes
b. myogenic contraction
c. factors from damaged tissue and activated platelets
d. ECM collagen

A

d.ECM collagen

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6
Q

thromboxane A2, endothelin, serotonin (5HT) are released frpm?

a.platelets
b,platelet plug
c. damaged tissue

A

c.damaged tissue

and ACTIVATED platelets

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7
Q

which of these events happen at the same time as vascular spasms occur ?

a. collagen exposure and tissue factor exposure
b. platelet adherence and platelet factor release
c. coagu;ation cascade
d. collagen exposure and platelet adherence

A

a. collagen exposure and tissue factor exposure

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8
Q

what does platelet adherence and release of platelet factor follow?

a. vasospasm
b. collagen exposure
c. tissue factor exposure

A

b.collagen exposure

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9
Q

which of these factors activates platelets?

a. thromboxane A2
b. endothelin
c. serotonin
d. von Willebrand factor

A

d.von Willebrand factor

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10
Q

platelets are activated by contact with collagen, von willebrand factor , thrombin and what else?

a. positively charged surface
b. prothrombine
c. thromboxane A2
d. negatively charged surface

A

d.negatively charged surface

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11
Q

True or false platelets normally stick to vessel wall?

a. true
b. false

A

b.false

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12
Q

which of these factors do not contribute to the normal endothelial surface (that does not allow for platelet binding)?

a. thrombomodulin
b. thrombin
c. glycocalyx
d. prostacyclin
e. NO

A

b.thrombin

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13
Q

which of these factors binds thrombin?

a. prostacyclin
b. NO
c. glycocalyx
d. thrombomodulin

A

d. thrombomodulin

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14
Q

activated platelets release
thromboxane A2, serotonin and which other subsatance?

a. ATP
b. ADP
c. thrombomodulin
d. von willebrand factor
e. thrombin

A

b.ADP

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15
Q

what type of feedback promotes formation of the platelet plug?

a. negative feedback
b. positive feedback

A

b.positive feedback

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16
Q

which of these events triggers the coagulation cascade?

a. vasocnstriction
b. collagen exposure
c. damage to vessel wall
d. tissue factor exposure

A

d. tissue factor exposure

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17
Q

What is the set of reactions in which blood is transformed from a liquid to a gel described as?

a. thrombolysis
b. haemostasis
c. coagulation
b. platelet plug formation

A

c.coagulation

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18
Q

which phase of haemostasis is made up by the extrinsic and intrinsic pathway ?

a. vascular spasm
b. platelet plug formation
c. coagulation

A

c.coagulation

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19
Q

which pathway of coagulation is initiated by vessel endothelium rupturing and exposing underlying tissue eg collagen

a. intrinsic
b. extrinsic

A

a.intrinsic

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20
Q

which pathway of coagulation is initiated by tissue cell trauma causing release of tissue factor?

a. intrinsic
b. extrinsic

A

b.extrinsic

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21
Q

what is formed at the end of the final common pathway?

a. fibrinogen
b. fibrin polymer
c. collagen
d. platelet plug

A

b.fibrin polymer

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22
Q

what ion is involved in the coaculation cascade intrinsic,extrinsic and final common pathway?

a. sodium
b. chloride
c. calcium
d. iron

A

c. calcium

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23
Q

which factor is prothrombin?

a. II
b. IIa
c. XII
d. XIII3
e. I

A

a. II

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24
Q

which factor is thrombin?

a. II
b. IIa
c. XII
d. XIII3
e. I

A

b. IIa

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25
Q

which factor is fibrinogen?

a. II
b. IIa
c. XII
d. XIII3
e. I

A

e.I

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26
Q

what is required for the conversion of XIII to fibrinogen I ?

a.fibrin
b.prothrombin II
c thrombin IIa

A

c thrombin IIa

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27
Q

which factor is required for formation of cross linked fibrin polymer from fibrin?

a. XIII
b. XIIIa
c. Xa
d. fibrinogen

A

b. XIIIa

28
Q

what is the role of XIIIa?

a. conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin
b. conversion of fibrin to fibrin polymer
c. formation of thrombin when activated
d. conversion of x to Xa

A

b.conversion of fibrin to fibrin polymer

29
Q

what is the role of prothrombin factor?

a. conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin
b. conversion of fibrin to fibrin polymer
c. formation of thrombin when activated
d. conversion of x to Xa

A

c.formation of thrombin when activated

30
Q

what is the role of XIII?

a. conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin
b. conversion of fibrin to fibrin polymer
c. formation of thrombin when activated
d. activation of XIIIa

A

d. activation of XIIIa

31
Q

what is the role of thrombin IIa?

a. conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin and activation of XIII
b. conversion of fibrin to fibrin polymer
c. formation of thrombin when activated
d. conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin and activation of XIIIa

A

a.conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin and activation of XIII

32
Q

what is factor X?

a. prothrombin
b. thromobomodulin
c. thrombin
d. fibrin
e. fibrinogen

A

c.thrombin

33
Q

what substance is furthest upstream in the final common pathway?

a. pf3
b. II
c. I
d. IIa
e. XIII

A

a.pf3

34
Q

what is the correct order of the final common pathway?

a.prothrombin activator
prothrombin II
thrombin IIa
Ca2+ and XIII and fibrinogen I 
fibrin 
XIIIa
cross linked fibrin polymer
bCa2+ and XIII and fibrinogen I 
fibrin 
XIIIa
prothrombin activator
prothrombin II
thrombin IIa
cross linked fibrin polymer
c.XIIIa
prothrombin activator
prothrombin II
Ca2+ and XIII and fibrinogen I 
thrombin IIa
cross linked fibrin polymer

fibrin

A 
a.prothrombin activator
prothrombin II
thrombin IIa
Ca2+ and XIII and fibrinogen I 
fibrin 
XIIIa
cross linked fibrin polymer
35
Q

what is clot retraction?

a. loosening of clot
b. tightening of clot
c. formation of clot
d. destruction of clot

A

b.tightening of clot

36
Q

contraction of platelets, damaged edges pulling closer together and serum being squeezed out refers to which stage of haemostasis ?

a. platelet plug formation
b. coagulation
c. vascular spasm
d. clot retraction

A

d. clot retraction

37
Q

what type of tissue is left after healing?

a. connective
b. fibrous
c. elastic
d. fibroelastic

A

b.fibrous

38
Q

what happens from 10 mins- 1 hr after vessel rupture?

a. platelet plug formation
b. coagulation
c. vascular spasm
d. clot retraction

A

d. clot retraction

39
Q

what happens from 3hrs - 2 weeks after vessel rupture?

a. platelet plug formation
b. coagulation
c. vascular spasm
d. clot retraction
e. fibrous tissue formation

A

e.fibrous tissue formation

40
Q

what happens from 4-10 minutes after vessel rupture?

a. platelet plug formation
b. coagulation
c. clot formation
d. clot retraction
e. fibrous tissue formation

A

c.clot formation

41
Q

which ions are chelated to prevent clotting in blood samples?

a. sodium
b. chloride
c. calcium
d. iron

A

c. calcium

42
Q

what effect does citrate have on clotting?

a. stimulates
b. enhances
c. inhibits

A

c.inhibits

chelates calcium lowering ionised calcium conc in blood

43
Q

what effect does EDTA have on clotting?

a. stimulates
b. enhances
c. inhibits

A

c.inhibits

binds calcium ions

44
Q

what effect does oxalate have on clotting?

a. stimulates
b. enhances
c. inhibits

A

c.inhibits

45
Q

to activate and mature prothrombin , VII, IX and X what needs to happen to vitamin K?

a. reduced
b. oxidised

A

b.oxidised

46
Q

what stops reduction of oxidised vit K back to vit K so it can be reused?

a. heparin
b. warfarin
c. oxalate
d. citrate
e. EDTA

A

b.warfarin

47
Q

in the normal vascular system fibrin binds to thrombin what binds to thrombin to inactivate it?

a. warfarin
b. vitamin K
c. oxalate
d. heparin and antithrombin III
e. heparin and antithrombin II

A

d.heparin and antithrombin III

48
Q

what does heparin combine with to bind and inactivate thrombin bound to fibrin?

a. antithrombin I
b. antithrombin II
c. antithromin III
d. antithrombin IIII

A

c. antithromin III

49
Q

what does aspirin inhibit to act as an anticoagulant?

a. reduction of vitamin K
b. arachadonic acid
c. cyclic enderperoxide
d. cyclo oxygenase
e. thromboxane A2

A

d.cyclo oxygenase

50
Q

what is arachadonic acid converted to in normal clotting?

a. cyclic endoperoxide
b. thromboxane A2
c. prostaglandins

A

a.cyclic endoperoxide

51
Q

prostaglandins and thromboxane A2 are formed from what?

a. arachidonic acid
b. cyclic endoperoxide
c. fibrin
d. serotonin

A

b.cyclic endoperoxide

52
Q

What is the first line treatment for heart attacks, strokes and pulmonary?

a. heparin
b. warfarin
c. t PA

A

c. t PA

tissue plasminogen factor

53
Q

which of these drugs activates the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin in order to degrade fibrin?

a. warfarin
b. heparin
c. t-PA

A

c. t-PA

54
Q

Duration of bleeding after controlled standardised puncture of the earlobe/forearm is known as?

a. bleeding time
b. clotting time
c. coagulation time
d. haemostasis

A

a.bleeding time

55
Q

time required for a blood clot to form in a glass tube is known as?

a. bleeding time
b. clotting time
c. coagulation time
d. haemostasis

A

b.clotting time

56
Q

which of these reflects capillary and platelet function?

a. bleeding time
b. clotting time

A

a.bleeding time

57
Q

which of these reflects time for generation of thrombin ?

a. bleeding time
b. clotting time

A

b. clotting time

58
Q

normal bleeding time is?

a. 1-3 mins
b. 4-10 mins
c. 7-10 mins
d. 12-15 mins

A

a.1-3 mins

59
Q

normal clotting time is?

a. 1-3 mins
b. 4-10 mins
c. 7-10 mins
d. 12-15 mins

A

b.4-10 mins

60
Q

which measurement of haemostasis is prolonged if plasma conc of prothrombin / clotting factors is low?

a. bleeding time
b. clotting time

A

b.clotting time

61
Q

which of these does not lead to hpercoagulation?

a. atherosclerosis
b. leg immobilisation
c. atrial fibrillation
d. von willebrand disease

A

d.von willebrand disease

62
Q

leg immobilisation, atrial fibrillation, atherosclerosis, infection and trauma can lead to?

a. hypercoagulation
b. hypocoagulation

A

a. hypercoagulation

63
Q

Von willebran disease, thrombocytopenia purpura, haemophillia A/B and vit K defficiency lead to?

a. hypercoagulation
b. hypocoagulation

A

b.hypocoagulation

64
Q

haamophillia A is a lack of which clotting factor?

a. X
b. VIII
c. II
d. i
e. IX

A

b.VIII

65
Q

heamophillia B is a lack of which clotting factor?

a. X
b. VIII
c. II
d. i
e. IX

A

e.IX

66
Q

coagulation occurs when

a. anticoagulants>procoagulants
b. procogaulants = anticoagulants
c. procoagulants>anticoagulants

A

c.procoagulants>anticoagulants

BCR 1 (60 decks)

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