Pathology - Pathology of venous circulation

Question 1

what type of veins can become varicose veins?

a. deep
b. superficial
c. perforator

Answer 1

b.superficial

Question 2

what are varicose veins most commonly caused by?

a. gravity
b. heart failure
c. valve dysfunction

Answer 2

a.gravity

Question 3

variscose veins are not

a. swollen
b. distended
c. enlarged
d. shrunken

Answer 3

d.shrunken

Question 4

Sample exam question
A 46 year old woman is diagnosed with varicose veins. 
Which vein(s) are usually affected?
a)Deep leg veins
b)Inferior vena cava
c) Pulmonary veins
d)Superficial leg veins
e)Superior vena cava

Answer 4

d)Superficial leg veins

Question 5

poor blood flow in superficial or deep leg veins causes blood to accumulate chronically.This happens in which condition?

a. varicose veins
b. stasis dermatitis
c. deep vein thrombosis

Answer 5

b.stasis dermatitis

Question 6

which veins are affected by stasis dermatitis?

a. deep
b. superficial
c. deep and superficial

Answer 6

c.deep and superficial

Question 7

what cells break down in stasis dermatitis?

a. white blood cells
c. platelets
d. red blood cells

Answer 7

d.red blood cells

Question 8

pigmentation of haemosiderin pigment and inflammation of skin leads to what in stasis dermatitis?

a. distended swollen veins
b. ulceration
c. blood vessel injury

Answer 8

b. ulceration

Question 9

A 46 year old woman with chronic venous impairment has pigmented
inflamed skin changes in her lower leg. A skin biopsy shows increased
vascularity and pigment in keeping with stasis dermatitis.
Which pigment is characteristically seen?
a) Bile
b) Copper
c) Haemosiderin
d) Melanin
e

Answer 9

c) Haemosiderin

Question 10

what is present on the skin biopsy of stasis dermatitis?

a. decreased vascularity
b. increased glands
c. increased vascuarity
d. increased neutrophils

Answer 10

c.increased vascuarity

Question 11

which of these is not a component of blood clots/thrombus?

a. platelets
b. red blood cells
c. protein meshwork of fibrin
d. thromboxane

Answer 11

d.thromboxane

Question 12

formation of thrombus in the deep veins of the legs is known as?

a. embolism
b. aneurysm
c. deep vein thrombosis
d. stasis dermatitis

Answer 12

c.deep vein thrombosis

Question 13

true or false soluble circulating precursor proteins are converted to insoluble circulating proteins via the coagulation cascade?

a. true
b. false

Answer 13

a.true

Question 14

true or false thrombosis only occurs in the veins?

a. true
b. false

Answer 14

b.false

Thrombosis can also occur in the arterial
system eg. coronary artery atheroma with
thrombosis and carotid artery thrombosis

Question 15

A 34 year old man is diagnosed with antiphospholipid syndrome.
Which condition is he at increased risk?
a) Barrett’s metaplasia
b) Deep vein thrombosis
c) Hyperlipidaemia
d) Hyperphosphataemia
e) Hypophosphataemia

Answer 15

b) Deep vein thrombosis

Question 16

a blocked blood vessel in the lungs is known as?

a. pulmonary embolism
b. deep vein thrombosis
c. varicose veins
d. stasis dermatitis

Answer 16

a. pulmonary embolism

Question 17

An autopsy is performed on a 45 year old woman who died suddenly. A saddle
pulmonary embolus is identified as the immediate cause of death.
From which vein did this thrombus most likely originate?
a) Deep leg vein
b) Superficial leg vein
c) Pulmonary vein
d) Superior vena cava
e) Renal vein

Answer 17

a) Deep leg vein

Question 18

An autopsy is performed on a 25 year old woman who died within a number of
hours of having a cosmetic enhancement procedure. Histology of lung samples
shows several plugs of fat cells within small pulmonary arterioles.
Which procedure was most likely performed on this patient?
a) Brazilian butt lift
b) Breast augmentation
c) Botulinum toxin injection
d) Hair transplant surgery
e) Tummy tuck

Answer 18

a) Brazilian butt lift

Question 19

An autopsy is performed on a 25 year old woman who died within a number of
hours of having delivered a baby. Histology of lung samples shows numerous flakes
of keratin within small pulmonary arterioles.
Which is the most likely cause of death?
a) Fat embolism
b) Thrombo-embolism
c) Amniotic fluid embolism
d) Air embolism
e) Tumour embolism

Answer 19

c) Amniotic fluid embolism