Infection - Chronic respiratory infection Flashcards
what is the cell wall of myobacterium TB rich in?
a. proteins
b. lipids
c. glycosaminoglycans
b.lipids
which wbc is involved in the formation of granulomas in response to TB infection?
a. monocytes
b. eosinophils
c. basophils and lymphocytes
d. macrophages and lymphocytes
d.macrophages and lymphocytes
true or false TB can have a latent stage for a patients life?
a. true
b. false
a.true
how does latent tb progress to open pulmonary tb?
secondary tb infection
the action of what white blood cell is most significant in containing an initial TB infection/
a. T killer
b. T helper
c. cytotoxic T cell
d. macrophage
b.T helper
patients with which type of immunocompromise are most at risk of reactivation of tb infection?
a. humoral immunity
b. cell mediated immunity
b.cell mediated immunity
eg HIV
what does the BCG vaccine work against?
a. strep pneumoneae
b. staph aureus
c. TB
c.TB
CF is caused by an abnormality in which channel?
a. sodium
b. calcium
c. chlorine
c.chlorine
what effect does CF mutation have on mucous ?
a. increased volume
b. increased viscosity
c. decreased viscosity
b.increased viscosity
people with CF have increased risk of which type of infection?
a. upper resp tract
b. lower resp tractor
b.lower resp tractor
what condition is characterised by early recurrent resp tract infection starting in childhood?
a. TB
c. pneumonia
d. cystic fibrosis
d.cystic fibrosis
what bacteria cause the initial infections in people with CF?
a. strep pneumoneae/haemophilus influenzae
b. staph aureus
a.strep pneumoneae/haemophilus influenzae
what bacteria cause the later childhood infections in people with CF?
a. strep pneumoneae/haemophilus influenzae
b. staph aureus
c. pseudomonas aeruginosa
b.staph aureus
what bacteria cause adolescent infections in people with CF?
a. strep pneumoneae/haemophilus influenzae
b. staph aureus
c. pseudomonas aeruginosa
c.pseudomonas aeruginosa
what type of bacteria is pseudomonas aeruginosa?
a. gram negative cocci
b. gram positive rod
c. gram negative rod
c.gram negative rod
true or false local abnormality in the resp epithelium of people with CF causes them to be immunocompromised?
a. true
b. false
a.true
pseudonomas aeruginosa colonisation in people with CF is..
a. acute
b. chronic
b.chronic
true or false pseudonomas is very resistant to antibiotics
a. true
b. false
a.true
what happens to the airways in bronchiectasis?
a. narrowing
b. widening
b.widening
what bacteria is common early in bronchiectasis?
a. strep pneumoneae/haemophilus influenzae
b. staph aureus
c. pseudomonas aeruginosa
d. haemophilus influenzae
e. eneterobacteriaceae
d.haemophilus influenzae
what bacteria is common during progression of bronchiectasis?
a. strep pneumoneae/haemophilus influenzae
b. staph aureus
c. pseudomonas aeruginosa
d. haemophilus influenzae
e. eneterobacteriaceae
e.eneterobacteriaceae
what bacteria is common late in bronchiectasis?
a. strep pneumoneae/haemophilus influenzae
b. staph aureus
c. pseudomonas aeruginosa
d. haemophilus influenzae
e. eneterobacteriaceae
c.pseudomonas aeruginosa
what is the aim of treatment for CF and bronchiectasis?
a.destroy bacteria
b.relieve symptoms
and reduce inflammation
b.relieve symptoms
and reduce inflammation
what is the most common cause of COPD?
a. irritants
b. allergens
c. obesity
d. hypertension
a.irritants
infective exacerbations of COPD is more common ..
a. summer months
b. winter months
b.winter months
what type of bacteria are found following changes to resp epithelium
a. anaerobic gram positive
b. aerobic gram positives
c. anaerobic gram negatives
b. aerobic gram negatives
d.aerobic gram negatives
enterobacteriaceae
due to altered resp tract epithelia in copd bacterial infection happens more commonly in which part of the resp tract?
a. upper
b. lower
b.lower
true or false in chronic resp infectionn there is a loss of PSCC epithelium and mucocilliary escalator and squamous transformation
a. true
b. false
a.true
resistant strains are caused by..
a. point mutations in replication
b. point mutations in protein production
c. point mutation following infection
a.point mutations in replication
which of these leads to horizontal spread of genetic material
a. plasmid transfer
c. replication
a.plasmid transfer
true or false increased hospital stays and exposures leads to increased resistance within a patient ?
a. true
b. false
a.true
what is the first question to ask when considering prescription of an antimicrobial?
a. what is the cause of the infection
b. is it really an infection
c. empirical or best guess treatment
d. review or ammend treatment
b.is it really an infection
when selecting an empirical antibiotic for a patient with chronic respiratory tract infections what needs to be considered first?
a. culture results
b. past history
d. benefit vs risk
b.past history
what bacteria is most commonly screened for prior to healthcare transfers?
a. staph aeureus
b. strep pneumoneae
c. MRSA
c.MRSA
what is essential for screening tests?
a. PPV
b. NPV
c. specificity
d. sensitivity
d.sensitivity
what does sensitivity refer to?
a. unlikely to give false negative
b. unlikely to give false positive
a.unlikely to give false negative
where does staph aeureus most commonly grow?
a. mouth and groin
b. nasal cavity and groin
c. mouth and nasal cavity
a.mouth and groin
what sample is needed for enterobacteriaceae
a. nasal swab
b. rectal swab
c. urine sample
d. bloods
b.rectal swab
what drug is particularly useful in patients with chronic bacterial resp infections?
a. amoxiciilin
b. ceftriaxone
c. meropenem
c.meropenem
beta lactam
what is the key element of antibiotic stewardship?
a. limited use
b. judicious use
c. specific use
b.judicious use
what colour do gram positives stain?
a. red
b. purple
b.purple
what colour do gram negatives stain?
a. red
b. purple
a.red
legionella, chlamydia,
mycoplasma and treponema would be what colour stain?
a. red
b. purple
a.red
gram negative
tb would stain what colour
a. red
b. purple
b.purple
gram positive
Clostridium tetani Clostridium difficile Clostridium perfringens Listeria monocytogenes Bacillus species Proprionibacterium acnes Lactobacillus lacti
make up which gram stain group?
a. gram positive cocci clusters
b. gram positive cocci chains
c. gram negative cocci
d. gram negative rods
e. gram positive rods
e.gram positive rods
-haemoyltic Streptococci: (Lancefield group A, B, G) Streptococcus oralis Streptococcus pneumoniae Enterococcus faecalis
a. gram positive cocci clusters
b. gram positive cocci chains
c. gram negative cocci
d. gram negative rods
e. gram positive rods
b.gram positive cocci chains
Staphylococcus aureus
Staphylococcus
epidermidis
a. gram positive cocci clusters
b. gram positive cocci chains
c. gram negative cocci
d. gram negative rods
e. gram positive rods
a.gram positive cocci clusters
Neisseria meningitidis
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Haemophilus influenzae
a. gram positive cocci clusters
b. gram positive cocci chains
c. gram negative cocci
d. gram negative rods
e. gram positive rods
c.gram negative cocci
Escherichia coli
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Proteus mirabilis
Salmonella enteritidis
a. gram positive cocci clusters
b. gram positive cocci chains
c. gram negative cocci
d. gram negative rods
e. gram positive rods
d.gram negative rods
strep pneumoneae and enterococcus faecalis are associated with which antibiotic treatment?
a. amoxicillin
b. clarithromycin
c. doxycyline
d. meropenem
a. amoxicillin
Legionella pneumophila
Chlamydia trachomatis
Mycoplasma pneumoniae are associated with which antibiotic treatment
a. amoxicillin
b. clarithromycin
c. doxycyline
d. meropenem
b.clarithromycin
cell wall defficient - atypical pneumonia
Legionella pneumophila
Chlamydia trachomatis
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
are associated with which condition
a. typical pneumonia
b. CF
c. atypical pneumonia
d. meningitis
c.atypical pneumonia
what bacteria causes pneumonia and meningitis?
a. strep pneumonea
b. enterococcus faecalis
c.Legionella pneumophila
Chlamydia trachomatis
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
a.strep pneumonea
what type of antibiotic is clarithromycin?
a. beta lactam
c. macrolide
d. tetracycline
e. beta lactam - carbapenems
c.macrolide
eneterococcus faecalis is associated with…
a. diarrhoea
b. constipation
c. UTI
d. STI
c.UTI
which of these drugs covers causes of typical and atypical pneumonia?
a. amoxicillin
c. clarithromycin
d. doxycycline
d.doxycycline
which of these drugs is taken orally to treat non severe MRSA infections?
a. amoxicillin
c. clarithromycin
d. doxycycline
d.doxycycline
