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BCR 1 > Infection - Chronic respiratory infection > Flashcards

Infection - Chronic respiratory infection Flashcards

1
Q

what is the cell wall of myobacterium TB rich in?

a. proteins
b. lipids
c. glycosaminoglycans

A

b.lipids

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2
Q

which wbc is involved in the formation of granulomas in response to TB infection?

a. monocytes
b. eosinophils
c. basophils and lymphocytes
d. macrophages and lymphocytes

A

d.macrophages and lymphocytes

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3
Q

true or false TB can have a latent stage for a patients life?

a. true
b. false

A

a.true

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4
Q

how does latent tb progress to open pulmonary tb?

A

secondary tb infection

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5
Q

the action of what white blood cell is most significant in containing an initial TB infection/

a. T killer
b. T helper
c. cytotoxic T cell
d. macrophage

A

b.T helper

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6
Q

patients with which type of immunocompromise are most at risk of reactivation of tb infection?

a. humoral immunity
b. cell mediated immunity

A

b.cell mediated immunity

eg HIV

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7
Q

what does the BCG vaccine work against?

a. strep pneumoneae
b. staph aureus
c. TB

A

c.TB

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8
Q

CF is caused by an abnormality in which channel?

a. sodium
b. calcium
c. chlorine

A

c.chlorine

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9
Q

what effect does CF mutation have on mucous ?

a. increased volume
b. increased viscosity
c. decreased viscosity

A

b.increased viscosity

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10
Q

people with CF have increased risk of which type of infection?

a. upper resp tract
b. lower resp tractor

A

b.lower resp tractor

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11
Q

what condition is characterised by early recurrent resp tract infection starting in childhood?

a. TB
c. pneumonia
d. cystic fibrosis

A

d.cystic fibrosis

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12
Q

what bacteria cause the initial infections in people with CF?

a. strep pneumoneae/haemophilus influenzae
b. staph aureus

A

a.strep pneumoneae/haemophilus influenzae

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13
Q

what bacteria cause the later childhood infections in people with CF?

a. strep pneumoneae/haemophilus influenzae
b. staph aureus
c. pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

b.staph aureus

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14
Q

what bacteria cause adolescent infections in people with CF?

a. strep pneumoneae/haemophilus influenzae
b. staph aureus
c. pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

c.pseudomonas aeruginosa

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15
Q

what type of bacteria is pseudomonas aeruginosa?

a. gram negative cocci
b. gram positive rod
c. gram negative rod

A

c.gram negative rod

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16
Q

true or false local abnormality in the resp epithelium of people with CF causes them to be immunocompromised?

a. true
b. false

A

a.true

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17
Q

pseudonomas aeruginosa colonisation in people with CF is..

a. acute
b. chronic

A

b.chronic

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18
Q

true or false pseudonomas is very resistant to antibiotics

a. true
b. false

A

a.true

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19
Q

what happens to the airways in bronchiectasis?

a. narrowing
b. widening

A

b.widening

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20
Q

what bacteria is common early in bronchiectasis?

a. strep pneumoneae/haemophilus influenzae
b. staph aureus
c. pseudomonas aeruginosa
d. haemophilus influenzae
e. eneterobacteriaceae

A

d.haemophilus influenzae

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21
Q

what bacteria is common during progression of bronchiectasis?

a. strep pneumoneae/haemophilus influenzae
b. staph aureus
c. pseudomonas aeruginosa
d. haemophilus influenzae
e. eneterobacteriaceae

A

e.eneterobacteriaceae

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22
Q

what bacteria is common late in bronchiectasis?

a. strep pneumoneae/haemophilus influenzae
b. staph aureus
c. pseudomonas aeruginosa
d. haemophilus influenzae
e. eneterobacteriaceae

A

c.pseudomonas aeruginosa

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23
Q

what is the aim of treatment for CF and bronchiectasis?

a.destroy bacteria
b.relieve symptoms
and reduce inflammation

A

b.relieve symptoms

and reduce inflammation

24
Q

what is the most common cause of COPD?

a. irritants
b. allergens
c. obesity
d. hypertension

A

a.irritants

25
Q

infective exacerbations of COPD is more common ..

a. summer months
b. winter months

A

b.winter months

26
Q

what type of bacteria are found following changes to resp epithelium

a. anaerobic gram positive
b. aerobic gram positives
c. anaerobic gram negatives
b. aerobic gram negatives

A

d.aerobic gram negatives

enterobacteriaceae

27
Q

due to altered resp tract epithelia in copd bacterial infection happens more commonly in which part of the resp tract?

a. upper
b. lower

A

b.lower

28
Q

true or false in chronic resp infectionn there is a loss of PSCC epithelium and mucocilliary escalator and squamous transformation

a. true
b. false

A

a.true

29
Q

resistant strains are caused by..

a. point mutations in replication
b. point mutations in protein production
c. point mutation following infection

A

a.point mutations in replication

30
Q

which of these leads to horizontal spread of genetic material

a. plasmid transfer
c. replication

A

a.plasmid transfer

31
Q

true or false increased hospital stays and exposures leads to increased resistance within a patient ?

a. true
b. false

A

a.true

32
Q

what is the first question to ask when considering prescription of an antimicrobial?

a. what is the cause of the infection
b. is it really an infection
c. empirical or best guess treatment
d. review or ammend treatment

A

b.is it really an infection

33
Q

when selecting an empirical antibiotic for a patient with chronic respiratory tract infections what needs to be considered first?

a. culture results
b. past history
d. benefit vs risk

A

b.past history

34
Q

what bacteria is most commonly screened for prior to healthcare transfers?

a. staph aeureus
b. strep pneumoneae
c. MRSA

A

c.MRSA

35
Q

what is essential for screening tests?

a. PPV
b. NPV
c. specificity
d. sensitivity

A

d.sensitivity

36
Q

what does sensitivity refer to?

a. unlikely to give false negative
b. unlikely to give false positive

A

a.unlikely to give false negative

37
Q

where does staph aeureus most commonly grow?

a. mouth and groin
b. nasal cavity and groin
c. mouth and nasal cavity

A

a.mouth and groin

38
Q

what sample is needed for enterobacteriaceae

a. nasal swab
b. rectal swab
c. urine sample
d. bloods

A

b.rectal swab

39
Q

what drug is particularly useful in patients with chronic bacterial resp infections?

a. amoxiciilin
b. ceftriaxone
c. meropenem

A

c.meropenem

beta lactam

40
Q

what is the key element of antibiotic stewardship?

a. limited use
b. judicious use
c. specific use

A

b.judicious use

41
Q

what colour do gram positives stain?

a. red
b. purple

A

b.purple

42
Q

what colour do gram negatives stain?

a. red
b. purple

A

a.red

43
Q

legionella, chlamydia,
mycoplasma and treponema would be what colour stain?

a. red
b. purple

A

a.red

gram negative

44
Q

tb would stain what colour

a. red
b. purple

A

b.purple

gram positive

45
Q 
Clostridium tetani
Clostridium 
difficile
Clostridium 
perfringens
Listeria 
monocytogenes
Bacillus species
Proprionibacterium
acnes
Lactobacillus lacti

make up which gram stain group?

a. gram positive cocci clusters
b. gram positive cocci chains
c. gram negative cocci
d. gram negative rods
e. gram positive rods

A

e.gram positive rods

46
Q 
-haemoyltic Streptococci:
(Lancefield group A, B, G)
Streptococcus oralis
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Enterococcus faecalis

a. gram positive cocci clusters
b. gram positive cocci chains
c. gram negative cocci
d. gram negative rods
e. gram positive rods

A

b.gram positive cocci chains

47
Q

Staphylococcus aureus
Staphylococcus
epidermidis

a. gram positive cocci clusters
b. gram positive cocci chains
c. gram negative cocci
d. gram negative rods
e. gram positive rods

A

a.gram positive cocci clusters

48
Q

Neisseria meningitidis
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Haemophilus influenzae

a. gram positive cocci clusters
b. gram positive cocci chains
c. gram negative cocci
d. gram negative rods
e. gram positive rods

A

c.gram negative cocci

49
Q

Escherichia coli
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Proteus mirabilis
Salmonella enteritidis

a. gram positive cocci clusters
b. gram positive cocci chains
c. gram negative cocci
d. gram negative rods
e. gram positive rods

A

d.gram negative rods

50
Q

strep pneumoneae and enterococcus faecalis are associated with which antibiotic treatment?

a. amoxicillin
b. clarithromycin
c. doxycyline
d. meropenem

A

a. amoxicillin

51
Q

Legionella pneumophila
Chlamydia trachomatis
Mycoplasma pneumoniae are associated with which antibiotic treatment

a. amoxicillin
b. clarithromycin
c. doxycyline
d. meropenem

A

b.clarithromycin

cell wall defficient - atypical pneumonia

52
Q

Legionella pneumophila
Chlamydia trachomatis
Mycoplasma pneumoniae

are associated with which condition

a. typical pneumonia
b. CF
c. atypical pneumonia
d. meningitis

A

c.atypical pneumonia

53
Q

what bacteria causes pneumonia and meningitis?

a. strep pneumonea
b. enterococcus faecalis

c.Legionella pneumophila
Chlamydia trachomatis
Mycoplasma pneumoniae

A

a.strep pneumonea

54
Q

what type of antibiotic is clarithromycin?

a. beta lactam
c. macrolide
d. tetracycline
e. beta lactam - carbapenems

A

c.macrolide

55
Q

eneterococcus faecalis is associated with…

a. diarrhoea
b. constipation
c. UTI
d. STI

A

c.UTI

56
Q

which of these drugs covers causes of typical and atypical pneumonia?

a. amoxicillin
c. clarithromycin
d. doxycycline

A

d.doxycycline

57
Q

which of these drugs is taken orally to treat non severe MRSA infections?

a. amoxicillin
c. clarithromycin
d. doxycycline

A

d.doxycycline

BCR 1 (60 decks)

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