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BCR 1 > Anatomy - Practical 02 : Intercostal structures > Flashcards

Anatomy - Practical 02 : Intercostal structures Flashcards

1
Q

what hapens to the diaphragm during contraction?

a. rises
b. lowers

A

b.lowers

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2
Q

which muscles are involved in quiet breathing in?

a. internal intercostal
b. external intercostal

A

b.external intercostal

raise ribs

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3
Q

what movement is especially evident in the lower ribs?

a. bucket handle
b. pump handle

A

a.bucket handle

increased transverse dimension

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4
Q

what movement is especially evident in the upper ribs?

a. bucket handle
b. pump handle

A

b. pump handle

increases anteroposterior dimension

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5
Q

which way to the ribs slope ?

a.superiorly
b,anteriorly
c.inferiorly

A

c.inferiorly

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6
Q

what direction does the sternum move in when the ribs elevate?

a. superior
b. inferior
c. anterior
d. posterior

A

c.anterior

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7
Q

which muscles run inferoanteriorly from rib above to rib below?

a. internal intercostals
b. external intercostals

A

b.external intercostals

hands in pockets direction

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8
Q

which muscles run inferoposterioly from rib above to rib below?

a. internal intercostals
b. external intercostals

A

a.internal intercostals

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9
Q

what is the function of the external intercostals?

a. elevate ribs
b. depress ribs

A

a.elevate ribs

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10
Q

what is the function of the internal intercostals?

a. elevate ribs
b. depress ribs

A

b. depress ribs

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11
Q

where are the external intercostals not present?

a. anteriorly
b. posteriorly

A

a.anteriorly

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12
Q

where are the internal intercostals not present?

a. anteriorly
b. posteriorly

A

b.posteriorly

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13
Q

true or false the internal intercostals run deep and perpendicular to external intercostals

a. true
b. false

A

a.true

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14
Q

when there is not one form of intercostal muscle present what takes its place?

A

xyz intercostal membrane

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15
Q

what do the interchondral parts of the internal intercostals aid with?

a. expiration
b. inspiration

A

b.inspiration

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16
Q

which intercostal muscles stiffen the intercostal space and aid in posture, coughing and vomiting?

a. internal
b. external

A

a.internal

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17
Q

the innermost ic run in the same direction as the internal intercostals .where the innermost intercostals found?

a. everwhere except anterior
b. everywhere except posterior
c. laterally

A

c. laterally

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18
Q

which muscles run from posterior aspect of sternum to 2-6th costal cartilage and are only found anteriorly?

a. external intercostal
b. internal intercostal
c. innermost intercostals
d. transversus thoracis

A

d.transversus thoracis

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19
Q

the trnasversus thoracis is found anteriorly only running from the posterior aspect of the sternum to…

a. costal cartilages 1-6
b. costal cartilages 2-6
c. costal cartilages 1-7

A

b. costal cartilages 2-6

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20
Q

which muscle is only found posteriorly and runs from rib above to rib 2-3 levels below?

a. transversus thoracis
b. innermost intercostals
c. subcostals

A

c. subcostals

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21
Q

which of these muscles make the accessory muscles of respiration?

a. trapezius and pectorals
b. pectorals and serratus anterior
c. sternocleidomastoid and pectorals

A

b.pectorals and serratus anterior

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22
Q

the tripod position is adopted by patients with difficulty breathing. which accessory muscles are used to aid breathing in this position?

a. trapezius and pectorals and abdominals
b. pectorals and serratus anterior, sternocelidomastoid,scalenes and abdominals
c. sternocleidomastoid and pectorals

A

b.pectorals and serratus anterior, sternocleidomastoid, scalenes and abdominals

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23
Q

in which of these states would the accessory muscles be expected to be permananetly active?

a. asthma
b. COPD
c. pneumonia
d. pulmonary fibrosis

A

b.COPD

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24
Q

which of these muscles help to elevate the sternum and upper ribs?

a. abdominals
c. sternocleidomastoid and pectroals
d. sternocleidomastoid and scalenes

A

d.sternocleidomastoid and scalenes

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25
Q

what do abdominal muscles help in?

a. forced expiration eg coughing
b. elevating sternum and upper ribs

A

a.forced expiration eg coughing

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26
Q

when is the diaphragm at its lowest?

a. standing
b. sitting
c. lying

A

b.sitting

patients with dyspnoea most comfortable sitting up

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27
Q

what is the height of the diaphragm in full expiration?

a. t11-12
b. 8th rib anteriorly
c. 8th rib posteriorly

A

c.8th rib posteriorly

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28
Q

what is the height of the diaphragm in full inspiration?

a. t11-12
b. 8th rib anteriorly
c. 8th rib posteriorly

A

a.t11-12

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29
Q

what are chest x rays taken on?

a. full expiration
b. full inspiration

A

b.full inspiration

parts of rib 10 and 11 visible above the diaphragm

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30
Q

from superior to inferior what is the correct order of intercostal neurovasculature?

a. AVN
b. NVA
c. VAN

A

c.VAN

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31
Q

which side of the rib does the neurovasculature lie on?

a. superior
b. inferior

A

b.inferior

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32
Q

how many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

a. 12
c. 31
d. 7
e. 5

A

c.31

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33
Q

how many cervical vetebrae are there?

a. 7
b. 12
c. 5
d. 3-4

A

a.7

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34
Q

how many thoracic vetebrae are there?

a. 7
b. 12
c. 5
d. 3-4

A

b.12

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35
Q

how many lumbar vetebrae are there?

a. 7
b. 12
c. 5
d. 3-4

A

c.5

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36
Q

how many sacral vetebrae are there?

a. 7
b. 12
c. 5
d. 3-4

A

c.5

37
Q

how many coccygeal vetebrae are there?

a. 7
b. 12
c. 5
d. 3-4

A

d.3-4

38
Q

how many pairs of cranial nerves are there?

a. 7
b. 12
c. 5
d. 3-4

A

b.12

39
Q

the c1-c7 nerves are named on the…

a. vertebrae below
b. vertebrae above

A

a.vertebrae below

as first pair exit between skull and c1 vertebrae

40
Q

what spinal nerve runs between c7 and t1?

a. t1
b. c7
c. c8

A

c.c8

41
Q

thoracic and lower nerves are named after the vertebrae …

a. above
b. below

A

a.above

42
Q

there are 7 cervical vertebrae how many cervical spinal nerves are there?

a. 7
b. 6
c. 8

A

c.8

c8 between c7 and t1

43
Q

how many coccygeal spinal nerves are there ?

a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4

A

a.1

vestigial structure

44
Q

what fibres are contained in both the dorsal and ventral ramus?

a. motor and sensory
b. sensory
c. motor

A

a.motor and sensory

45
Q

each spinal nerve divides into…

a. rami
b. roots

A

b.roots

46
Q

a ventral root contains which type of nerves?

a. motor
b. sensory

A

a.motor

47
Q

a dorsal root contains which type of nerves?

a. sensory
b. motor

A

a.sensory

48
Q

which of these contains the dorsal root ganglion?

a. dorsal rami
b. dorsal root
c. spinal nerve

A

b.dorsal root

49
Q

spinal nerves contain…

a. sensory
b. motor
c. both

A

c.both

50
Q

which of these provide sensation to the back?

a. dorsal rami
b. ventral rami

A

a.dorsal rami

51
Q

which of these provide motor innervation to the back to keep us upright?

a. dorsal rami
b. ventral rami

A

a.dorsal rami

52
Q

which rami are smaller

a. dorsal
b. ventral

A

a.dorsal

53
Q

which nerves from the intercostal and subcostal nerves in the thoracic region?

a. dorsal rami
b. ventral rami

A

b.ventral rami

54
Q

what is the name for a network of nerves, formed when structures merge and move during development and carry nerves with them?

a. ganglion
b. plexus

A

b.plexus

55
Q

true or false thoracic nerves from plexuses

a. true
b. false

A

b.false they run along the inferior border of each rib

56
Q

where do the intercostal nerves run?

a. t1-t12
b. c1-t12
c. t1-t11

A

c.t1-t11

57
Q

at what level are the subcostal nerves found?

a. t10
b. t11
c. t12

A

c.t12

58
Q

the cervical plexus runs from ..

a. c1-c5
b. c1-4
c. c2-c4

A

b.c1-4

59
Q

which spinal nerves form the brachial plexus?

a. c5-t1
b. c5-c8
c. c4-t1

A

a.c5-t1

60
Q

what is the name for an area of skin supplied by a single spinal nerve (ventral and dorsal ramus)

a. dermatome
b. plexus
c. root

A

a.dermatome

61
Q

what dermatome is the nipple found in?

a. t4
b. t5
c. t6
d. t7

A

a. t4

62
Q

what dermatome is the nipple found in?

a. t4
b. t5
c. t6
d. t7

A

a.t4

63
Q

what dermatome is the xiphoid found in?

a. t4
b. t5
c. t6
d. t7

A

c.t6

64
Q

what dermatome is the umbilicus found in?

a. t4
b. t5
c. t6
d. t7
e. t10

A

e.t10

bellybutTEN

65
Q

true or false the trunk dermatomes are regular stripes?

a. true
b. false

A

a.true

horizontal stripes

66
Q

what dermatomes do the outsides of the arms, the neck and back of the head lie in?

a. c2-c5
b. t1-t12
c. l1-s1

A

a.c2-c5

67
Q

which ramus runs lateral from the spinal nerve?

a. ventral ramus
b. dorsal ramus

A

b.dorsal ramus

68
Q

which ramus does the posterior cutaneous branch form from?

a. ventral ramus
b. dorsal ramus

A

b.dorsal ramus

69
Q

which of these forms the lateral cutaneous branch?

a. dorsal ramus
b. dorsal root
c. ventral ramus
d. ventral root

A

c.ventral ramus

70
Q

what does the lateral cutaneous branch lie lateralr to?

a. ext intercostal
b. int intercostal
c. innermost intercostal
d. subcostals

A

a.ext intercostal

71
Q

what does the ventral ramus lie lateral to?

a. ext intercostal
b. int intercostal
c. innermost intercostal
d. subcostals

A

c.innermost intercostal

72
Q

which nerves are found in the neurovascular plane between the innermost intercostal and internal intercostal ?

a. subcostal
b. intercostal
c. brachial plexus

A

b.intercostal

73
Q

which arteries run deep to the costal cartilages and lateral sternum

a. subcostal
b. musculophrenic
c. superior epigastric
d. internal thoracic

A

d.internal thoracic

74
Q

each internal thoracic artery gives how many branches to form each anterior intercostal arteries?

A.4

b. 5
c. 6
d. 7

A

c.6

75
Q

the 7-9th anterior intercostal arteries are formed from which artery

a. internal thoracic
b. musculophrenic
c. superior epigastric

A

v

76
Q

which artery runs from rib 7 to the abdominal wall

a. internal thoracic
b. musculophrenic
c. superior epigastric

A

c.superior epigastric

77
Q

true or false there are no 10/11/12 anterior intercostal arteries

a. true
b. false

A

a.true

78
Q

the 1st and 2nd anterior intercostal arteries originate from the highest intercostal artery which is a branch of the costocervical trunk. what is the costocervical trunk a branch of?

a. orta
b. common carotid
c. subclavian
d. internal thoracic

A

c.subclavian

79
Q

3rd -11th posterior intercostal and subcostal arteries are branches of..

a. ascending aorta
b. subclavian artery
c. costocervical trunk
d. descending aorta

A

d. descending aorta

80
Q

where do the anterior and inferior intercostal arteries anastamose?

a. posteriorly
b. laterally
c. medially

A

b.laterally

81
Q

what do the anterior intercostal veins drain to?

a. internal thoracic vein
b. aztgous and hemiazygous system of veins
c. aorta

A

a.internal thoracic vein

82
Q

what do the posterior intercostal veins drain to?

a. internal thoracic vein
b. azygous and hemiazygous system of veins
c. aorta

A

b.azygous and hemiazygous system of veins

83
Q

which part of the intercostal space is accessed to avoid the VAN?

a. superior
b. inferior

A

a.inferior

84
Q

a congenital narrowing of the aorta, usually distal to the origin of the left subclavian is known as?

a. aortic embolism
b. coarctation
c. aortic aneurysm

A

b.coarctation

85
Q

where is the congenital narrowing in coarctation of the aorta usually found distal to ?

a. left common carotid a
b. brachiocephalic artery
c. right common carotid
d. right subclavian a
e. left subclavian a

A

e.left subclavian a

86
Q

what is the correct order of the aternate route of the blood in coarctation of the aorta?

a. subclavian, internal thoracic, anterior intercostal, posterior intercostal, descending thoracic aorta
b. internal thoracic, subclavian, anterior intercostal,posterior intercostal, descending thoracic aorta
c. subclavian artery, internal thoracic, posterior intercostal, anterior intercostal,descending thoracic aorta

A
87
Q

what effect does increased blood flow through the intercostal arteries have ?

a. enlarged and leave notches on ribs
b. small and reduced blood flow
c. enlarged and tangled

A

a.enlarged and leave notches on ribs

88
Q

what is the term for the build up of fluid in the pericardial cavity

a. pleural effeusion
b. pneumonia
c. cardiac tamponade

A

c. cardiac tamponade

BCR 1 (60 decks)

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