Anatomy - Practical 02 : Intercostal structures

Question 1

what hapens to the diaphragm during contraction?

a. rises
b. lowers

Answer 1

b.lowers

Question 2

which muscles are involved in quiet breathing in?

a. internal intercostal
b. external intercostal

Answer 2

b.external intercostal

raise ribs

Question 3

what movement is especially evident in the lower ribs?

a. bucket handle
b. pump handle

Answer 3

a.bucket handle

increased transverse dimension

Question 4

what movement is especially evident in the upper ribs?

a. bucket handle
b. pump handle

Answer 4

b. pump handle

increases anteroposterior dimension

Question 5

which way to the ribs slope ?

a.superiorly
b,anteriorly
c.inferiorly

Answer 5

c.inferiorly

Question 6

what direction does the sternum move in when the ribs elevate?

a. superior
b. inferior
c. anterior
d. posterior

Answer 6

c.anterior

Question 7

which muscles run inferoanteriorly from rib above to rib below?

a. internal intercostals
b. external intercostals

Answer 7

b.external intercostals

hands in pockets direction

Question 8

which muscles run inferoposterioly from rib above to rib below?

a. internal intercostals
b. external intercostals

Answer 8

a.internal intercostals

Question 9

what is the function of the external intercostals?

a. elevate ribs
b. depress ribs

Answer 9

a.elevate ribs

Question 10

what is the function of the internal intercostals?

a. elevate ribs
b. depress ribs

Answer 10

b. depress ribs

Question 11

where are the external intercostals not present?

a. anteriorly
b. posteriorly

Answer 11

a.anteriorly

Question 12

where are the internal intercostals not present?

a. anteriorly
b. posteriorly

Answer 12

b.posteriorly

Question 13

true or false the internal intercostals run deep and perpendicular to external intercostals

a. true
b. false

Answer 13

a.true

Question 14

when there is not one form of intercostal muscle present what takes its place?

Answer 14

xyz intercostal membrane

Question 15

what do the interchondral parts of the internal intercostals aid with?

a. expiration
b. inspiration

Answer 15

b.inspiration

Question 16

which intercostal muscles stiffen the intercostal space and aid in posture, coughing and vomiting?

a. internal
b. external

Answer 16

a.internal

Question 17

the innermost ic run in the same direction as the internal intercostals .where the innermost intercostals found?

a. everwhere except anterior
b. everywhere except posterior
c. laterally

Answer 17

c. laterally

Question 18

which muscles run from posterior aspect of sternum to 2-6th costal cartilage and are only found anteriorly?

a. external intercostal
b. internal intercostal
c. innermost intercostals
d. transversus thoracis

Answer 18

d.transversus thoracis

Question 19

the trnasversus thoracis is found anteriorly only running from the posterior aspect of the sternum to…

a. costal cartilages 1-6
b. costal cartilages 2-6
c. costal cartilages 1-7

Answer 19

b. costal cartilages 2-6

Question 20

which muscle is only found posteriorly and runs from rib above to rib 2-3 levels below?

a. transversus thoracis
b. innermost intercostals
c. subcostals

Answer 20

c. subcostals

Question 21

which of these muscles make the accessory muscles of respiration?

a. trapezius and pectorals
b. pectorals and serratus anterior
c. sternocleidomastoid and pectorals

Answer 21

b.pectorals and serratus anterior

Question 22

the tripod position is adopted by patients with difficulty breathing. which accessory muscles are used to aid breathing in this position?

a. trapezius and pectorals and abdominals
b. pectorals and serratus anterior, sternocelidomastoid,scalenes and abdominals
c. sternocleidomastoid and pectorals

Answer 22

b.pectorals and serratus anterior, sternocleidomastoid, scalenes and abdominals

Question 23

in which of these states would the accessory muscles be expected to be permananetly active?

a. asthma
b. COPD
c. pneumonia
d. pulmonary fibrosis

Answer 23

b.COPD

Question 24

which of these muscles help to elevate the sternum and upper ribs?

a. abdominals
c. sternocleidomastoid and pectroals
d. sternocleidomastoid and scalenes

Answer 24

d.sternocleidomastoid and scalenes

Question 25

what do abdominal muscles help in? a. forced expiration eg coughing b. elevating sternum and upper ribs

Answer 25

a.forced expiration eg coughing

Question 26

when is the diaphragm at its lowest? a. standing b. sitting c. lying

Answer 26

b.sitting patients with dyspnoea most comfortable sitting up

Question 27

what is the height of the diaphragm in full expiration? a. t11-12 b. 8th rib anteriorly c. 8th rib posteriorly

Answer 27

c.8th rib posteriorly

Question 28

what is the height of the diaphragm in full inspiration? a. t11-12 b. 8th rib anteriorly c. 8th rib posteriorly

Answer 28

a.t11-12

Question 29

what are chest x rays taken on? a. full expiration b. full inspiration

Answer 29

b.full inspiration | parts of rib 10 and 11 visible above the diaphragm

Question 30

from superior to inferior what is the correct order of intercostal neurovasculature? a. AVN b. NVA c. VAN

Answer 30

c.VAN

Question 31

which side of the rib does the neurovasculature lie on? a. superior b. inferior

Answer 31

b.inferior

Question 32

how many pairs of spinal nerves are there? a. 12 c. 31 d. 7 e. 5

Answer 32

c.31

Question 33

how many cervical vetebrae are there? a. 7 b. 12 c. 5 d. 3-4

Answer 33

a.7

Question 34

how many thoracic vetebrae are there? a. 7 b. 12 c. 5 d. 3-4

Answer 34

b.12

Question 35

how many lumbar vetebrae are there? a. 7 b. 12 c. 5 d. 3-4

Answer 35

c.5

Question 36

how many sacral vetebrae are there? a. 7 b. 12 c. 5 d. 3-4

Answer 36

c.5

Question 37

how many coccygeal vetebrae are there? a. 7 b. 12 c. 5 d. 3-4

Answer 37

d.3-4

Question 38

how many pairs of cranial nerves are there? a. 7 b. 12 c. 5 d. 3-4

Answer 38

b.12

Question 39

the c1-c7 nerves are named on the... a. vertebrae below b. vertebrae above

Answer 39

a.vertebrae below as first pair exit between skull and c1 vertebrae

Question 40

what spinal nerve runs between c7 and t1? a. t1 b. c7 c. c8

Answer 40

c.c8

Question 41

thoracic and lower nerves are named after the vertebrae ... a. above b. below

Answer 41

a.above

Question 42

there are 7 cervical vertebrae how many cervical spinal nerves are there? a. 7 b. 6 c. 8

Answer 42

c.8 c8 between c7 and t1

Question 43

how many coccygeal spinal nerves are there ? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4

Answer 43

a.1 vestigial structure

Question 44

what fibres are contained in both the dorsal and ventral ramus? a. motor and sensory b. sensory c. motor

Answer 44

a.motor and sensory

Question 45

each spinal nerve divides into... a. rami b. roots

Answer 45

b.roots

Question 46

a ventral root contains which type of nerves? a. motor b. sensory

Answer 46

a.motor

Question 47

a dorsal root contains which type of nerves? a. sensory b. motor

Answer 47

a.sensory

Question 48

which of these contains the dorsal root ganglion? a. dorsal rami b. dorsal root c. spinal nerve

Answer 48

b.dorsal root

Question 49

spinal nerves contain... a. sensory b. motor c. both

Answer 49

c.both

Question 50

which of these provide sensation to the back? a. dorsal rami b. ventral rami

Answer 50

a.dorsal rami

Question 51

which of these provide motor innervation to the back to keep us upright? a. dorsal rami b. ventral rami

Answer 51

a.dorsal rami

Question 52

which rami are smaller a. dorsal b. ventral

Answer 52

a.dorsal

Question 53

which nerves from the intercostal and subcostal nerves in the thoracic region? a. dorsal rami b. ventral rami

Answer 53

b.ventral rami

Question 54

what is the name for a network of nerves, formed when structures merge and move during development and carry nerves with them? a. ganglion b. plexus

Answer 54

b.plexus

Question 55

true or false thoracic nerves from plexuses a. true b. false

Answer 55

b.false they run along the inferior border of each rib

Question 56

where do the intercostal nerves run? a. t1-t12 b. c1-t12 c. t1-t11

Answer 56

c.t1-t11

Question 57

at what level are the subcostal nerves found? a. t10 b. t11 c. t12

Answer 57

c.t12

Question 58

the cervical plexus runs from .. a. c1-c5 b. c1-4 c. c2-c4

Answer 58

b.c1-4

Question 59

which spinal nerves form the brachial plexus? a. c5-t1 b. c5-c8 c. c4-t1

Answer 59

a.c5-t1

Question 60

what is the name for an area of skin supplied by a single spinal nerve (ventral and dorsal ramus) a. dermatome b. plexus c. root

Answer 60

a.dermatome

Question 61

what dermatome is the nipple found in? a. t4 b. t5 c. t6 d. t7

Answer 61

a. t4

Question 62

what dermatome is the nipple found in? a. t4 b. t5 c. t6 d. t7

Answer 62

a.t4

Question 63

what dermatome is the xiphoid found in? a. t4 b. t5 c. t6 d. t7

Answer 63

c.t6

Question 64

what dermatome is the umbilicus found in? a. t4 b. t5 c. t6 d. t7 e. t10

Answer 64

e.t10 | bellybutTEN

Question 65

true or false the trunk dermatomes are regular stripes? a. true b. false

Answer 65

a.true | horizontal stripes

Question 66

what dermatomes do the outsides of the arms, the neck and back of the head lie in? a. c2-c5 b. t1-t12 c. l1-s1

Answer 66

a.c2-c5

Question 67

which ramus runs lateral from the spinal nerve? a. ventral ramus b. dorsal ramus

Answer 67

b.dorsal ramus

Question 68

which ramus does the posterior cutaneous branch form from? a. ventral ramus b. dorsal ramus

Answer 68

b.dorsal ramus

Question 69

which of these forms the lateral cutaneous branch? a. dorsal ramus b. dorsal root c. ventral ramus d. ventral root

Answer 69

c.ventral ramus

Question 70

what does the lateral cutaneous branch lie lateralr to? a. ext intercostal b. int intercostal c. innermost intercostal d. subcostals

Answer 70

a.ext intercostal

Question 71

what does the ventral ramus lie lateral to? a. ext intercostal b. int intercostal c. innermost intercostal d. subcostals

Answer 71

c.innermost intercostal

Question 72

which nerves are found in the neurovascular plane between the innermost intercostal and internal intercostal ? a. subcostal b. intercostal c. brachial plexus

Answer 72

b.intercostal

Question 73

which arteries run deep to the costal cartilages and lateral sternum a. subcostal b. musculophrenic c. superior epigastric d. internal thoracic

Answer 73

d.internal thoracic

Question 74

each internal thoracic artery gives how many branches to form each anterior intercostal arteries? A.4 b. 5 c. 6 d. 7

Answer 74

c.6

Question 75

the 7-9th anterior intercostal arteries are formed from which artery a. internal thoracic b. musculophrenic c. superior epigastric

Answer 75

v

Question 76

which artery runs from rib 7 to the abdominal wall a. internal thoracic b. musculophrenic c. superior epigastric

Answer 76

c.superior epigastric

Question 77

true or false there are no 10/11/12 anterior intercostal arteries a. true b. false

Answer 77

a.true

Question 78

the 1st and 2nd anterior intercostal arteries originate from the highest intercostal artery which is a branch of the costocervical trunk. what is the costocervical trunk a branch of? a. orta b. common carotid c. subclavian d. internal thoracic

Answer 78

c.subclavian

Question 79

3rd -11th posterior intercostal and subcostal arteries are branches of.. a. ascending aorta b. subclavian artery c. costocervical trunk d. descending aorta

Answer 79

d. descending aorta

Question 80

where do the anterior and inferior intercostal arteries anastamose? a. posteriorly b. laterally c. medially

Answer 80

b.laterally

Question 81

what do the anterior intercostal veins drain to? a. internal thoracic vein b. aztgous and hemiazygous system of veins c. aorta

Answer 81

a.internal thoracic vein

Question 82

what do the posterior intercostal veins drain to? a. internal thoracic vein b. azygous and hemiazygous system of veins c. aorta

Answer 82

b.azygous and hemiazygous system of veins

Question 83

which part of the intercostal space is accessed to avoid the VAN? a. superior b. inferior

Answer 83

a.inferior

Question 84

a congenital narrowing of the aorta, usually distal to the origin of the left subclavian is known as? a. aortic embolism b. coarctation c. aortic aneurysm

Answer 84

b.coarctation

Question 85

where is the congenital narrowing in coarctation of the aorta usually found distal to ? a. left common carotid a b. brachiocephalic artery c. right common carotid d. right subclavian a e. left subclavian a

Answer 85

e.left subclavian a

Question 86

what is the correct order of the aternate route of the blood in coarctation of the aorta? a. subclavian, internal thoracic, anterior intercostal, posterior intercostal, descending thoracic aorta b. internal thoracic, subclavian, anterior intercostal,posterior intercostal, descending thoracic aorta c. subclavian artery, internal thoracic, posterior intercostal, anterior intercostal,descending thoracic aorta

Question 87

what effect does increased blood flow through the intercostal arteries have ? a. enlarged and leave notches on ribs b. small and reduced blood flow c. enlarged and tangled

Answer 87

a.enlarged and leave notches on ribs

Question 88

what is the term for the build up of fluid in the pericardial cavity a. pleural effeusion b. pneumonia c. cardiac tamponade

Answer 88

c. cardiac tamponade