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BCR 1 > Anatomy - Practical 01 : Thoracic osteology > Flashcards

Anatomy - Practical 01 : Thoracic osteology Flashcards

1
Q

how many ribs and costal cartilages make up the thoracic cage?

a. 10
b. 8
c. 11
d. 12

A

d.12

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2
Q

what do the costal cartilages do?

a. provide strength
b. provide structure
c. provide elasticity

A

c.provide elasticity

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3
Q

which part of the sternum runs from the inferior edge of t1 to the superior edge of rib 2?

a. manubrium
b. body
c. xiphoid process

A

a.manubrium

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4
Q

which part of the sternum ossifies as we age?

a. manubrium
b. body
c. xiphoid process

A

c.xiphoid process

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5
Q

what pressure is resisted by the thoracic cage?

a. negative pressure of inspiration
b. positive pressure of expiration

A

a.negative pressure of inspiration

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6
Q

what part of the sternum is is palpated in the first step of cpr?

a. manubrium
b. body
c. xiphoid process

A

c.xiphoid process

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7
Q

in cpr where should the hand be placed in relation to the manubrium?

a. inferior
b. superior
c. anterior

A

b.superior

on body of sternum

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8
Q

how much should the chest be depressed in cpr?

a. 1 inch
b. 2 inch
c. 3 inch
d. 4 inch

A

b.2 inch

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9
Q

how many times a minute should the chest be compressed in cpr?

a. 60/min
b. 80/min
c. 100/min

A

c.100/min

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10
Q

the manubrium, first ribs and costal cartilages and t1 vertebrae make up the borders of which apeture

a. superior thoracic
b. inferior thoracic

A

a.superior thoracic

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11
Q

the xiphoid process , ribs 11 and 12, t12 vertebrae and the costal margin make up the borders of the inferior thoracic apeture. what makes up the costal margin?

a. costal cartilages of ribs 7-10
b. costal cartilages of ribs 1-7
c. ribs 7-10
d. costal cartilages of ribs 7-12

A

a. costal cartilages of ribs 7-10

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12
Q

which of these vessels is most likely to be compressed in the superior thoracic apeture?

a. carotid
b. subclavians
c. brachicephalic

A

b.subclavians

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13
Q

weakness, pain/numbness/altered sensation of upper limb (especially when raised ) indicates compression of which nerves as they pass through the thoracic apeture?

a. carpal tunnel
b. intrathoracic nerves
c. brachial plexus

A

c.brachial plexus

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14
Q

swelling, reduced blood pressure in the arm ,claudication and clots occur as a result of compression of subclavian vessels passing through which structure?

a. carpal tunnel
b. inferior thoracic apeture
c. superior thoracic apeture

A

c. superior thoracic apeture

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15
Q

which muscles can cause obstruction in the superior thoracic apeture

a. sternocleidomastoids
b. scalenes
c. serratus anterior
d. deltoids

A

b.scalenes

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16
Q

an extra or unsual rib, compression between muscles, rib fracture and what else can cause obstruction of the superior thoracic apeture?

a. infection
b. inflamation from repetitive overhead movement/trauma
c. strains

A

b.inflamation from repetitive overhead movement/trauma

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17
Q

which ribs make up the true ribs?

a. 1-5
b. 1-6
c. 1-7
d. 1-10

A

c.1-7

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18
Q

which ribs connect to the sternum via their own costal cartilage?

a. true
b. false
c. floating

A

a.true

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19
Q

which ribs make up the false ribs ?

a. 1-7
b. 8-12
c. 11 and 12
d. 8-10

A

d.8-10

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20
Q

which ribs coonect to sternum via the costal cartilage of the ribs above?

a. true
b. false
c. floating

A

b.false

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21
Q

which ribs make up the floating ribs/

a. 10,11,12
b. 11,12

A

b.11,12

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22
Q

what do the 2 demi facets of the head of the rib articulate with?

a. costal cartilages
b. articulation with numerically corresponding vertebra and the one above
c. articulation with numerically corresponding vertebrae and one below

A

b. articulation with numerically corresponding vertebra and the one above

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23
Q

what does the tuburcle of a rib articulate with?

a. numerically corresponding vertebrae
b. transverse processes of numerically corresponding vertebral transverse processes
c. pedicles of numerically corresponding vertebrae

A

c. pedicles of numerically corresponding vertebrae

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24
Q

where does the costal groove run?

a. inferior, internal surface of rib
b. inferior, external surface of rib
c. superior, internal surface of the rib
d. superior, external surface of rib

A

a.inferior, internal surface of rib

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25
Q

where do subcostal/intercostal vessels and nerves run?

a. tubercule
c. neck
d. demifacets
e. costal groove

A

e.costal groove

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26
Q

which rib has grooves for the subclavian artery and vein and tubercules for scalene muscle attachment and 1 whole facet on head?

a. 1
b. 2
c. 10
d. 11
e. 12

A

a.1

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27
Q

which ribs make up the atypical rips?

a. 1-7
b. 8-10
c. 11-12
d. 1,2,10-12

A

d.1,2,10-12

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28
Q

what makes rib 2 atypical

a. grooves for subclavian vessels and tubercules for scalene muscle attachments, 1 facet on head
b. tubercules for serratus anterior
c. 1 facet on head
d. 1 facet on head, floating, no neck or tubercules

A

b.tubercules for serratus anterior

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29
Q

what makes rib 10 atypical?

a. grooves for subclavian vessels and tubercules for scalene muscle attachments, 1 facet on head
b. tubercules for serratus anterior
c. 1 facet on head
d. 1 facet on head, floating, no neck or tubercules

A

c.1 facet on head

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30
Q

what makes rib 11 and 12 atypical?

a. grooves for subclavian vessels and tubercules for scalene muscle attachments, 1 facet on head
b. tubercules for serratus anterior
c. 1 facet on head
d. 1 facet on head, floating, no neck or tubercules

A

d.1 facet on head, floating, no neck or tubercules

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31
Q

what is the name given to structures in different animals with a common developmental origin ?

a. hetrogeneous structures
b. homogenous structures
c. homologous structures

A

c.homologous structures

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32
Q

when homologous structures shrink and lose function they are known as ..

a. homologous
b. hetrogenous
c. vestigal

A

c.vestigal

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33
Q

what do embrologic costal elements form in the thoracic region?

a. ribs
b. vertebrae

A

a.ribs

34
Q

what do embrologic costal elements form in regions other than the thoracic region?

a. ribs
b. vertebrae

A

b.vertebrae

35
Q

if the costal element of c7 forms a rib what is this known as?

a,throacic rib

b. costal rib
c. cervical rib
d. lumbar rib

A

c. cervical rib

36
Q

what type of rib can be misdiagnosed as a fracture of a trasnverse process?

a. cervical
b. thoracic
d. lumbar
e. sacral

A

d.lumbar

37
Q

which process of the spine is closest to the vertebral body?

a. pedicle
b. lamina
c. transverse processes
d. articular processes
e. spinous process

A

a.pedicle

38
Q

what do the articular processes articulate with?

a. corresponding rib
b. vertebrae above and below
c. vertebrae corresponding

A

b. vertebrae above and below

39
Q

ow many articular processes are there per vertebrae

a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4

A

d.4

2 inferior
2 superior

40
Q

what do the spinal nerves run through?

a. vertebral foramen
b. intervertebral foramen

A

b.intervertebral foramen

41
Q

what type of joints are zygapophyseal joints?

a. synovial ball and socket
b. synovial hinge
c. synovial saddle
d. synovial facet joints

A

d. synovial facet joints

42
Q

between what processes of vertebrae are zygapophyseal joints found?

a. transverse processes
b. pedicles
c. lamina
d. articular processes

A

d.articular processes

43
Q

the orientation of which joints differs between vertenral regions?

a. costochondral
b. intervertrebral
c. zygapophyseal

A

c.zygapophyseal

44
Q

how many thoracic vertebrae are there?

a.7
b10
c.12

A

c.12

45
Q

in the thoracic region zygapophyseal joints limit all movements except lateral flexion. what plane do they lie in?

a. sagittal
b. coronal
c. transverse

A

b.coronal

46
Q

what type of joints are the intervertebral joints?

a. synovial facet
b. costochondral
c. sympheses

A

c.sympheses

47
Q

where are intervertebral joints found?

a. c2-s1
b. c1-s1
c. c3-s1

A

a.c2-s1

48
Q

which of these is not a role of the fibrocartilage intervertebral joints?

a. add height to the spine
b. bear weight
c. shock absorption
d. movement

A

d. movement

49
Q

which layer of the intervertebral disc is fibrous and resists distension of the other layer

a. nucleolus pulposus
b. annulus fibrosus

A

b.annulus fibrosus

50
Q

which layer of the intervertebral disc is gelatinous and absorbs compressive force?

a. annulus fibrosis
b. nuculus pulposus

A

b.nuculus pulposus

51
Q

why do discs have increased susceptibility to tears with age?

a. discs decrease in volume
b. discs dry out
c. discs layers separate

A

b.discs dry out

52
Q

which component of the intervertebral disc can tear leading to spinal cord compression?

a. nuculus pulposus
b. annulus fibrosus

A

a. nuculus pulposus

53
Q

loss of disc height causes narrowing of which foramen?

a. vertebral foramen
b. intervertebral foramen

A

b.intervertebral foramen

54
Q

what lies beneath the intervertebral disc

A

hyaline cartilage disc

55
Q

whay type of joint is the manubriosternal joint?

a. synovial facet
b. sympheses
c. syndesmosis

A

b.sympheses

56
Q

where is the sternal angle found?

a. between manubrium and sternal body
b. between the sternal body and xiphoid process
c. between the manubrium and xiphoid process

A

a.between manubrium and sternal body

57
Q

what rib joins the sternum at the level of the sternal angle?

a. rib 1
b. rib 2
c. rib3
d. rib 4

A

b.rib 2

58
Q

what structure makes up the jugular notch?

a. superior manubrium
b. manubrosternal joint
c. 1st ribs

A

a. superior manubrium

59
Q

where does the first costal cartilage join to the sternum?

a.superior to clavicular notch
b.inferior to clavicular notch
c,inferior to suprasternal notch

A

b.inferior to clavicular notch

60
Q

what level is the xiphisternal joint at?

a. t4
b.t1
c.t8
d,t9

A

d,t9

61
Q

what type of joint is the xiphisternal joint?

a. gomphosis
b. syndesmosis
c. symphysis

A

c.symphysis

62
Q

what is a depression in the chest wall known as?

a. pectus excavatum
b. pectus carinatum

A

a.pectus excavatum

63
Q

what is a depression in the chest wall known as?

a. pectus excavatum
b. pectus carinatum

A

a.pectus excavatum

64
Q

what is a convex chest wall known as?

a. pectus excavatum
b. pectus carinatum

A

b.pectus carinatum

65
Q

which of these is caused by pressure on the chest wall during development / connective tissue disorder?

a. pectus excavatum
b. pectus carinatum

A

a.pectus excavatum

66
Q

which end of the clavicel is lateral and flattened/

a. sternal
b. acromial

A

b.acromial

67
Q

which end of the clavicle is rounded and medial?

a. acromial
b. sternal

A

b.sternal

68
Q

the clavicel has a groove for which vessels?

a. interior thoracic
b. vena cava
c. common carotid
d. brachiocephalic
d. subclavian

A

d.subclavian

69
Q

how does the clavicle curve laterally?

a. concave
b. convex

A

a.concave

70
Q

how does the clavicle curve medially?

a. concave
b. convex

A

b.convex

71
Q

what lies between the clavicle and manubrium?

a. articular disc
b. ligaments
c. cartilage

A

a. articular disc

72
Q

what is responsible for distributing force evenly on the sternum?

a. costal cartilage
b. ribs
c. fibrocartilage discs
d. sternal angle

A

c.fibrocartilage discs

73
Q

which of these ligaments is on the inferior surface of the clavicle?

a. sternoclavicular
b. costoclavicular

A

b.costoclavicular

74
Q

what type of joint are costovertebral and costotransverse?

a. synovial
b. syndesmosis
c. symphesis

A

a. synovial

75
Q

what type of joint is the costochondral joint?

a. synovial
b. cartilaginous

A

b.cartilaginous

76
Q

the 1st sternocostal joint is

a. .fibrous
b. synovial
c. symphysis

A

a..fibrous

77
Q

the 2nd-7th sternocostal joint is

a. .fibrous
b. synovial
c. symphysis

A

b.synovial

78
Q

the sternoclavicular sternocostal joint is

a. .fibrous
b. synovial
c. symphysis

A

b.synovial

79
Q

the manubrio sternal joint is

a. .fibrous
b. synovial
c. symphysis

A

c.symphysis

80
Q

the xiphisternal joint is

a. .fibrous
b. synovial
c. symphysis

A

c.symphysis

BCR 1 (60 decks)

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