Anatomy - Practical 01 : Thoracic osteology

Question 1

how many ribs and costal cartilages make up the thoracic cage?

a. 10
b. 8
c. 11
d. 12

Answer 1

d.12

Question 2

what do the costal cartilages do?

a. provide strength
b. provide structure
c. provide elasticity

Answer 2

c.provide elasticity

Question 3

which part of the sternum runs from the inferior edge of t1 to the superior edge of rib 2?

a. manubrium
b. body
c. xiphoid process

Answer 3

a.manubrium

Question 4

which part of the sternum ossifies as we age?

a. manubrium
b. body
c. xiphoid process

Answer 4

c.xiphoid process

Question 5

what pressure is resisted by the thoracic cage?

a. negative pressure of inspiration
b. positive pressure of expiration

Answer 5

a.negative pressure of inspiration

Question 6

what part of the sternum is is palpated in the first step of cpr?

a. manubrium
b. body
c. xiphoid process

Answer 6

c.xiphoid process

Question 7

in cpr where should the hand be placed in relation to the manubrium?

a. inferior
b. superior
c. anterior

Answer 7

b.superior

on body of sternum

Question 8

how much should the chest be depressed in cpr?

a. 1 inch
b. 2 inch
c. 3 inch
d. 4 inch

Answer 8

b.2 inch

Question 9

how many times a minute should the chest be compressed in cpr?

a. 60/min
b. 80/min
c. 100/min

Answer 9

c.100/min

Question 10

the manubrium, first ribs and costal cartilages and t1 vertebrae make up the borders of which apeture

a. superior thoracic
b. inferior thoracic

Answer 10

a.superior thoracic

Question 11

the xiphoid process , ribs 11 and 12, t12 vertebrae and the costal margin make up the borders of the inferior thoracic apeture. what makes up the costal margin?

a. costal cartilages of ribs 7-10
b. costal cartilages of ribs 1-7
c. ribs 7-10
d. costal cartilages of ribs 7-12

Answer 11

a. costal cartilages of ribs 7-10

Question 12

which of these vessels is most likely to be compressed in the superior thoracic apeture?

a. carotid
b. subclavians
c. brachicephalic

Answer 12

b.subclavians

Question 13

weakness, pain/numbness/altered sensation of upper limb (especially when raised ) indicates compression of which nerves as they pass through the thoracic apeture?

a. carpal tunnel
b. intrathoracic nerves
c. brachial plexus

Answer 13

c.brachial plexus

Question 14

swelling, reduced blood pressure in the arm ,claudication and clots occur as a result of compression of subclavian vessels passing through which structure?

a. carpal tunnel
b. inferior thoracic apeture
c. superior thoracic apeture

Answer 14

c. superior thoracic apeture

Question 15

which muscles can cause obstruction in the superior thoracic apeture

a. sternocleidomastoids
b. scalenes
c. serratus anterior
d. deltoids

Answer 15

b.scalenes

Question 16

an extra or unsual rib, compression between muscles, rib fracture and what else can cause obstruction of the superior thoracic apeture?

a. infection
b. inflamation from repetitive overhead movement/trauma
c. strains

Answer 16

b.inflamation from repetitive overhead movement/trauma

Question 17

which ribs make up the true ribs?

a. 1-5
b. 1-6
c. 1-7
d. 1-10

Answer 17

c.1-7

Question 18

which ribs connect to the sternum via their own costal cartilage?

a. true
b. false
c. floating

Answer 18

a.true

Question 19

which ribs make up the false ribs ?

a. 1-7
b. 8-12
c. 11 and 12
d. 8-10

Answer 19

d.8-10

Question 20

which ribs coonect to sternum via the costal cartilage of the ribs above?

a. true
b. false
c. floating

Answer 20

b.false

Question 21

which ribs make up the floating ribs/

a. 10,11,12
b. 11,12

Answer 21

b.11,12

Question 22

what do the 2 demi facets of the head of the rib articulate with?

a. costal cartilages
b. articulation with numerically corresponding vertebra and the one above
c. articulation with numerically corresponding vertebrae and one below

Answer 22

b. articulation with numerically corresponding vertebra and the one above

Question 23

what does the tuburcle of a rib articulate with?

a. numerically corresponding vertebrae
b. transverse processes of numerically corresponding vertebral transverse processes
c. pedicles of numerically corresponding vertebrae

Answer 23

c. pedicles of numerically corresponding vertebrae

Question 24

where does the costal groove run?

a. inferior, internal surface of rib
b. inferior, external surface of rib
c. superior, internal surface of the rib
d. superior, external surface of rib

Answer 24

a.inferior, internal surface of rib

Question 25

where do subcostal/intercostal vessels and nerves run? a. tubercule c. neck d. demifacets e. costal groove

Answer 25

e.costal groove

Question 26

which rib has grooves for the subclavian artery and vein and tubercules for scalene muscle attachment and 1 whole facet on head? a. 1 b. 2 c. 10 d. 11 e. 12

Answer 26

a.1

Question 27

which ribs make up the atypical rips? a. 1-7 b. 8-10 c. 11-12 d. 1,2,10-12

Answer 27

d.1,2,10-12

Question 28

what makes rib 2 atypical a. grooves for subclavian vessels and tubercules for scalene muscle attachments, 1 facet on head b. tubercules for serratus anterior c. 1 facet on head d. 1 facet on head, floating, no neck or tubercules

Answer 28

b.tubercules for serratus anterior

Question 29

what makes rib 10 atypical? a. grooves for subclavian vessels and tubercules for scalene muscle attachments, 1 facet on head b. tubercules for serratus anterior c. 1 facet on head d. 1 facet on head, floating, no neck or tubercules

Answer 29

c.1 facet on head

Question 30

what makes rib 11 and 12 atypical? a. grooves for subclavian vessels and tubercules for scalene muscle attachments, 1 facet on head b. tubercules for serratus anterior c. 1 facet on head d. 1 facet on head, floating, no neck or tubercules

Answer 30

d.1 facet on head, floating, no neck or tubercules

Question 31

what is the name given to structures in different animals with a common developmental origin ? a. hetrogeneous structures b. homogenous structures c. homologous structures

Answer 31

c.homologous structures

Question 32

when homologous structures shrink and lose function they are known as .. a. homologous b. hetrogenous c. vestigal

Answer 32

c.vestigal

Question 33

what do embrologic costal elements form in the thoracic region? a. ribs b. vertebrae

Answer 33

a.ribs

Question 34

what do embrologic costal elements form in regions other than the thoracic region? a. ribs b. vertebrae

Answer 34

b.vertebrae

Question 35

if the costal element of c7 forms a rib what is this known as? a,throacic rib b. costal rib c. cervical rib d. lumbar rib

Answer 35

c. cervical rib

Question 36

what type of rib can be misdiagnosed as a fracture of a trasnverse process? a. cervical b. thoracic d. lumbar e. sacral

Answer 36

d.lumbar

Question 37

which process of the spine is closest to the vertebral body? a. pedicle b. lamina c. transverse processes d. articular processes e. spinous process

Answer 37

a.pedicle

Question 38

what do the articular processes articulate with? a. corresponding rib b. vertebrae above and below c. vertebrae corresponding

Answer 38

b. vertebrae above and below

Question 39

ow many articular processes are there per vertebrae a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4

Answer 39

d.4 2 inferior 2 superior

Question 40

what do the spinal nerves run through? a. vertebral foramen b. intervertebral foramen

Answer 40

b.intervertebral foramen

Question 41

what type of joints are zygapophyseal joints? a. synovial ball and socket b. synovial hinge c. synovial saddle d. synovial facet joints

Answer 41

d. synovial facet joints

Question 42

between what processes of vertebrae are zygapophyseal joints found? a. transverse processes b. pedicles c. lamina d. articular processes

Answer 42

d.articular processes

Question 43

the orientation of which joints differs between vertenral regions? a. costochondral b. intervertrebral c. zygapophyseal

Answer 43

c.zygapophyseal

Question 44

how many thoracic vertebrae are there? a.7 b10 c.12

Answer 44

c.12

Question 45

in the thoracic region zygapophyseal joints limit all movements except lateral flexion. what plane do they lie in? a. sagittal b. coronal c. transverse

Answer 45

b.coronal

Question 46

what type of joints are the intervertebral joints? a. synovial facet b. costochondral c. sympheses

Answer 46

c.sympheses

Question 47

where are intervertebral joints found? a. c2-s1 b. c1-s1 c. c3-s1

Answer 47

a.c2-s1

Question 48

which of these is not a role of the fibrocartilage intervertebral joints? a. add height to the spine b. bear weight c. shock absorption d. movement

Answer 48

d. movement

Question 49

which layer of the intervertebral disc is fibrous and resists distension of the other layer a. nucleolus pulposus b. annulus fibrosus

Answer 49

b.annulus fibrosus

Question 50

which layer of the intervertebral disc is gelatinous and absorbs compressive force? a. annulus fibrosis b. nuculus pulposus

Answer 50

b.nuculus pulposus

Question 51

why do discs have increased susceptibility to tears with age? a. discs decrease in volume b. discs dry out c. discs layers separate

Answer 51

b.discs dry out

Question 52

which component of the intervertebral disc can tear leading to spinal cord compression? a. nuculus pulposus b. annulus fibrosus

Answer 52

a. nuculus pulposus

Question 53

loss of disc height causes narrowing of which foramen? a. vertebral foramen b. intervertebral foramen

Answer 53

b.intervertebral foramen

Question 54

what lies beneath the intervertebral disc

Answer 54

hyaline cartilage disc

Question 55

whay type of joint is the manubriosternal joint? a. synovial facet b. sympheses c. syndesmosis

Answer 55

b.sympheses

Question 56

where is the sternal angle found? a. between manubrium and sternal body b. between the sternal body and xiphoid process c. between the manubrium and xiphoid process

Answer 56

a.between manubrium and sternal body

Question 57

what rib joins the sternum at the level of the sternal angle? a. rib 1 b. rib 2 c. rib3 d. rib 4

Answer 57

b.rib 2

Question 58

what structure makes up the jugular notch? a. superior manubrium b. manubrosternal joint c. 1st ribs

Answer 58

a. superior manubrium

Question 59

where does the first costal cartilage join to the sternum? a.superior to clavicular notch b.inferior to clavicular notch c,inferior to suprasternal notch

Answer 59

b.inferior to clavicular notch

Question 60

what level is the xiphisternal joint at? a. t4 b.t1 c.t8 d,t9

Answer 60

d,t9

Question 61

what type of joint is the xiphisternal joint? a. gomphosis b. syndesmosis c. symphysis

Answer 61

c.symphysis

Question 62

what is a depression in the chest wall known as? a. pectus excavatum b. pectus carinatum

Answer 62

a.pectus excavatum

Question 63

what is a depression in the chest wall known as? a. pectus excavatum b. pectus carinatum

Answer 63

a.pectus excavatum

Question 64

what is a convex chest wall known as? a. pectus excavatum b. pectus carinatum

Answer 64

b.pectus carinatum

Question 65

which of these is caused by pressure on the chest wall during development / connective tissue disorder? a. pectus excavatum b. pectus carinatum

Answer 65

a.pectus excavatum

Question 66

which end of the clavicel is lateral and flattened/ a. sternal b. acromial

Answer 66

b.acromial

Question 67

which end of the clavicle is rounded and medial? a. acromial b. sternal

Answer 67

b.sternal

Question 68

the clavicel has a groove for which vessels? a. interior thoracic b. vena cava c. common carotid d. brachiocephalic d. subclavian

Answer 68

d.subclavian

Question 69

how does the clavicle curve laterally? a. concave b. convex

Answer 69

a.concave

Question 70

how does the clavicle curve medially? a. concave b. convex

Answer 70

b.convex

Question 71

what lies between the clavicle and manubrium? a. articular disc b. ligaments c. cartilage

Answer 71

a. articular disc

Question 72

what is responsible for distributing force evenly on the sternum? a. costal cartilage b. ribs c. fibrocartilage discs d. sternal angle

Answer 72

c.fibrocartilage discs

Question 73

which of these ligaments is on the inferior surface of the clavicle? a. sternoclavicular b. costoclavicular

Answer 73

b.costoclavicular

Question 74

what type of joint are costovertebral and costotransverse? a. synovial b. syndesmosis c. symphesis

Answer 74

a. synovial

Question 75

what type of joint is the costochondral joint? a. synovial b. cartilaginous

Answer 75

b.cartilaginous

Question 76

the 1st sternocostal joint is a. .fibrous b. synovial c. symphysis

Answer 76

a..fibrous

Question 77

the 2nd-7th sternocostal joint is a. .fibrous b. synovial c. symphysis

Answer 77

b.synovial

Question 78

the sternoclavicular sternocostal joint is a. .fibrous b. synovial c. symphysis

Answer 78

b.synovial

Question 79

the manubrio sternal joint is a. .fibrous b. synovial c. symphysis

Answer 79

c.symphysis

Question 80

the xiphisternal joint is a. .fibrous b. synovial c. symphysis

Answer 80

c.symphysis