Anatomy - Practical 01 : Thoracic osteology Flashcards
how many ribs and costal cartilages make up the thoracic cage?
a. 10
b. 8
c. 11
d. 12
d.12
what do the costal cartilages do?
a. provide strength
b. provide structure
c. provide elasticity
c.provide elasticity
which part of the sternum runs from the inferior edge of t1 to the superior edge of rib 2?
a. manubrium
b. body
c. xiphoid process
a.manubrium
which part of the sternum ossifies as we age?
a. manubrium
b. body
c. xiphoid process
c.xiphoid process
what pressure is resisted by the thoracic cage?
a. negative pressure of inspiration
b. positive pressure of expiration
a.negative pressure of inspiration
what part of the sternum is is palpated in the first step of cpr?
a. manubrium
b. body
c. xiphoid process
c.xiphoid process
in cpr where should the hand be placed in relation to the manubrium?
a. inferior
b. superior
c. anterior
b.superior
on body of sternum
how much should the chest be depressed in cpr?
a. 1 inch
b. 2 inch
c. 3 inch
d. 4 inch
b.2 inch
how many times a minute should the chest be compressed in cpr?
a. 60/min
b. 80/min
c. 100/min
c.100/min
the manubrium, first ribs and costal cartilages and t1 vertebrae make up the borders of which apeture
a. superior thoracic
b. inferior thoracic
a.superior thoracic
the xiphoid process , ribs 11 and 12, t12 vertebrae and the costal margin make up the borders of the inferior thoracic apeture. what makes up the costal margin?
a. costal cartilages of ribs 7-10
b. costal cartilages of ribs 1-7
c. ribs 7-10
d. costal cartilages of ribs 7-12
a. costal cartilages of ribs 7-10
which of these vessels is most likely to be compressed in the superior thoracic apeture?
a. carotid
b. subclavians
c. brachicephalic
b.subclavians
weakness, pain/numbness/altered sensation of upper limb (especially when raised ) indicates compression of which nerves as they pass through the thoracic apeture?
a. carpal tunnel
b. intrathoracic nerves
c. brachial plexus
c.brachial plexus
swelling, reduced blood pressure in the arm ,claudication and clots occur as a result of compression of subclavian vessels passing through which structure?
a. carpal tunnel
b. inferior thoracic apeture
c. superior thoracic apeture
c. superior thoracic apeture
which muscles can cause obstruction in the superior thoracic apeture
a. sternocleidomastoids
b. scalenes
c. serratus anterior
d. deltoids
b.scalenes
an extra or unsual rib, compression between muscles, rib fracture and what else can cause obstruction of the superior thoracic apeture?
a. infection
b. inflamation from repetitive overhead movement/trauma
c. strains
b.inflamation from repetitive overhead movement/trauma
which ribs make up the true ribs?
a. 1-5
b. 1-6
c. 1-7
d. 1-10
c.1-7
which ribs connect to the sternum via their own costal cartilage?
a. true
b. false
c. floating
a.true
which ribs make up the false ribs ?
a. 1-7
b. 8-12
c. 11 and 12
d. 8-10
d.8-10
which ribs coonect to sternum via the costal cartilage of the ribs above?
a. true
b. false
c. floating
b.false
which ribs make up the floating ribs/
a. 10,11,12
b. 11,12
b.11,12
what do the 2 demi facets of the head of the rib articulate with?
a. costal cartilages
b. articulation with numerically corresponding vertebra and the one above
c. articulation with numerically corresponding vertebrae and one below
b. articulation with numerically corresponding vertebra and the one above
what does the tuburcle of a rib articulate with?
a. numerically corresponding vertebrae
b. transverse processes of numerically corresponding vertebral transverse processes
c. pedicles of numerically corresponding vertebrae
c. pedicles of numerically corresponding vertebrae
where does the costal groove run?
a. inferior, internal surface of rib
b. inferior, external surface of rib
c. superior, internal surface of the rib
d. superior, external surface of rib
a.inferior, internal surface of rib
where do subcostal/intercostal vessels and nerves run?
a. tubercule
c. neck
d. demifacets
e. costal groove
e.costal groove
which rib has grooves for the subclavian artery and vein and tubercules for scalene muscle attachment and 1 whole facet on head?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 10
d. 11
e. 12
a.1
which ribs make up the atypical rips?
a. 1-7
b. 8-10
c. 11-12
d. 1,2,10-12
d.1,2,10-12
what makes rib 2 atypical
a. grooves for subclavian vessels and tubercules for scalene muscle attachments, 1 facet on head
b. tubercules for serratus anterior
c. 1 facet on head
d. 1 facet on head, floating, no neck or tubercules
b.tubercules for serratus anterior
what makes rib 10 atypical?
a. grooves for subclavian vessels and tubercules for scalene muscle attachments, 1 facet on head
b. tubercules for serratus anterior
c. 1 facet on head
d. 1 facet on head, floating, no neck or tubercules
c.1 facet on head
what makes rib 11 and 12 atypical?
a. grooves for subclavian vessels and tubercules for scalene muscle attachments, 1 facet on head
b. tubercules for serratus anterior
c. 1 facet on head
d. 1 facet on head, floating, no neck or tubercules
d.1 facet on head, floating, no neck or tubercules
what is the name given to structures in different animals with a common developmental origin ?
a. hetrogeneous structures
b. homogenous structures
c. homologous structures
c.homologous structures
when homologous structures shrink and lose function they are known as ..
a. homologous
b. hetrogenous
c. vestigal
c.vestigal
what do embrologic costal elements form in the thoracic region?
a. ribs
b. vertebrae
a.ribs
what do embrologic costal elements form in regions other than the thoracic region?
a. ribs
b. vertebrae
b.vertebrae
if the costal element of c7 forms a rib what is this known as?
a,throacic rib
b. costal rib
c. cervical rib
d. lumbar rib
c. cervical rib
what type of rib can be misdiagnosed as a fracture of a trasnverse process?
a. cervical
b. thoracic
d. lumbar
e. sacral
d.lumbar
which process of the spine is closest to the vertebral body?
a. pedicle
b. lamina
c. transverse processes
d. articular processes
e. spinous process
a.pedicle
what do the articular processes articulate with?
a. corresponding rib
b. vertebrae above and below
c. vertebrae corresponding
b. vertebrae above and below
ow many articular processes are there per vertebrae
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
d.4
2 inferior
2 superior
what do the spinal nerves run through?
a. vertebral foramen
b. intervertebral foramen
b.intervertebral foramen
what type of joints are zygapophyseal joints?
a. synovial ball and socket
b. synovial hinge
c. synovial saddle
d. synovial facet joints
d. synovial facet joints
between what processes of vertebrae are zygapophyseal joints found?
a. transverse processes
b. pedicles
c. lamina
d. articular processes
d.articular processes
the orientation of which joints differs between vertenral regions?
a. costochondral
b. intervertrebral
c. zygapophyseal
c.zygapophyseal
how many thoracic vertebrae are there?
a.7
b10
c.12
c.12
in the thoracic region zygapophyseal joints limit all movements except lateral flexion. what plane do they lie in?
a. sagittal
b. coronal
c. transverse
b.coronal
what type of joints are the intervertebral joints?
a. synovial facet
b. costochondral
c. sympheses
c.sympheses
where are intervertebral joints found?
a. c2-s1
b. c1-s1
c. c3-s1
a.c2-s1
which of these is not a role of the fibrocartilage intervertebral joints?
a. add height to the spine
b. bear weight
c. shock absorption
d. movement
d. movement
which layer of the intervertebral disc is fibrous and resists distension of the other layer
a. nucleolus pulposus
b. annulus fibrosus
b.annulus fibrosus
which layer of the intervertebral disc is gelatinous and absorbs compressive force?
a. annulus fibrosis
b. nuculus pulposus
b.nuculus pulposus
why do discs have increased susceptibility to tears with age?
a. discs decrease in volume
b. discs dry out
c. discs layers separate
b.discs dry out
which component of the intervertebral disc can tear leading to spinal cord compression?
a. nuculus pulposus
b. annulus fibrosus
a. nuculus pulposus
loss of disc height causes narrowing of which foramen?
a. vertebral foramen
b. intervertebral foramen
b.intervertebral foramen
what lies beneath the intervertebral disc
hyaline cartilage disc
whay type of joint is the manubriosternal joint?
a. synovial facet
b. sympheses
c. syndesmosis
b.sympheses
where is the sternal angle found?
a. between manubrium and sternal body
b. between the sternal body and xiphoid process
c. between the manubrium and xiphoid process
a.between manubrium and sternal body
what rib joins the sternum at the level of the sternal angle?
a. rib 1
b. rib 2
c. rib3
d. rib 4
b.rib 2
what structure makes up the jugular notch?
a. superior manubrium
b. manubrosternal joint
c. 1st ribs
a. superior manubrium
where does the first costal cartilage join to the sternum?
a.superior to clavicular notch
b.inferior to clavicular notch
c,inferior to suprasternal notch
b.inferior to clavicular notch
what level is the xiphisternal joint at?
a. t4
b.t1
c.t8
d,t9
d,t9
what type of joint is the xiphisternal joint?
a. gomphosis
b. syndesmosis
c. symphysis
c.symphysis
what is a depression in the chest wall known as?
a. pectus excavatum
b. pectus carinatum
a.pectus excavatum
what is a depression in the chest wall known as?
a. pectus excavatum
b. pectus carinatum
a.pectus excavatum
what is a convex chest wall known as?
a. pectus excavatum
b. pectus carinatum
b.pectus carinatum
which of these is caused by pressure on the chest wall during development / connective tissue disorder?
a. pectus excavatum
b. pectus carinatum
a.pectus excavatum
which end of the clavicel is lateral and flattened/
a. sternal
b. acromial
b.acromial
which end of the clavicle is rounded and medial?
a. acromial
b. sternal
b.sternal
the clavicel has a groove for which vessels?
a. interior thoracic
b. vena cava
c. common carotid
d. brachiocephalic
d. subclavian
d.subclavian
how does the clavicle curve laterally?
a. concave
b. convex
a.concave
how does the clavicle curve medially?
a. concave
b. convex
b.convex
what lies between the clavicle and manubrium?
a. articular disc
b. ligaments
c. cartilage
a. articular disc
what is responsible for distributing force evenly on the sternum?
a. costal cartilage
b. ribs
c. fibrocartilage discs
d. sternal angle
c.fibrocartilage discs
which of these ligaments is on the inferior surface of the clavicle?
a. sternoclavicular
b. costoclavicular
b.costoclavicular
what type of joint are costovertebral and costotransverse?
a. synovial
b. syndesmosis
c. symphesis
a. synovial
what type of joint is the costochondral joint?
a. synovial
b. cartilaginous
b.cartilaginous
the 1st sternocostal joint is
a. .fibrous
b. synovial
c. symphysis
a..fibrous
the 2nd-7th sternocostal joint is
a. .fibrous
b. synovial
c. symphysis
b.synovial
the sternoclavicular sternocostal joint is
a. .fibrous
b. synovial
c. symphysis
b.synovial
the manubrio sternal joint is
a. .fibrous
b. synovial
c. symphysis
c.symphysis
the xiphisternal joint is
a. .fibrous
b. synovial
c. symphysis
c.symphysis
