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BCR 1 > Physiology - Erythrocytes > Flashcards

Physiology - Erythrocytes Flashcards

1
Q

what makes up 99% of the formed blood?

a. erythrocytes
b. platelets
c. plasma
d. leukocytes

A

a.erythrocytes

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2
Q

what is the percentage of the volume of packed red cells to the total blood volume blood volume referred to as?

a. full blood count
b. erythropoetin
c. haematocrit
d. tonicity

A

c.haematocrit

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3
Q

haematocrit refers to the volume of packed red cells to what ?

a. extra cellular fluid
b. total blood volume
c. interstitial fluid
d. plasma

A

b.total blood volume

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4
Q

true or false RBC contain no DNA

A

true

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5
Q

which element is a vital element of haem?

a. sodium
b. calcium
c. potassium
d. iron

A

d.iron

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6
Q

how many oxygen molecules can bind per haemoglobin molecule?

a. 1
b. 2
c. 4
d. 5

A

C.4 one per protein chain

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7
Q

which enzyme, found in erythrocytes, is involved in the conversion of H2O and CO2 to H2CO3 (carbonic acid)?

A. carbonic anhydrase
B.carbonic dehydrogenase
C. carbonic hydroxylase

A

A. carbonic anhydrase

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8
Q

what is the correct formula for carbonic acid?

a. HCO3-
b. H2CO3
c. H2CO3+
d. HCO3

A

b. H2CO3

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9
Q

what is the correct formula for the bicarbonate ion?

a. HCO3-
b. H2CO3
c. H2CO3+
d. HCO3

A

a.HCO3-

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10
Q

where does erythropoesis occur in the foetus?

a. bone marrow
b. marrow of membranous bones eg vertebrae, ribs,pelvis
c. bone marrow and liver

A

c.bone marrow and liver

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11
Q

where does erythropoesis occur after birth?

a. bone marrow
b. marrow of membranous bones eg vertebrae, ribs,pelvis
c. bone marrow and liver

A

a.bone marrow

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12
Q

where does erythropoesis occur in adults

a. bone marrow
b. marrow of membranous bones eg vertebrae, ribs,pelvis
c. bone marrow and liver

A

b.marrow of membranous bones eg vertebrae, ribs,pelvis

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13
Q

what is the stimulus in regulation of erythrocyte production?

a. kidney
b. proerythroblasts
c. hypercapnoea
d. hypoxia

A

d.hypoxia

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14
Q

what is the detector in regulation of erythrocyte production?

a. kidney
b. proerythroblasts
c. hypercapnoea
d. hypoxia

A

a.kidney

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15
Q

what does polycythaemia refer to?

a. too few rbc in blood
b. rbc that are larger than normal
c. rbc that are smaller than normal
d. excess red blood cells in the blood

A

d.excess red blood cells in the blood

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16
Q

what MCV refer to?

a. mean corpuscular volume
b. mean corpuscular Hb
c. mean corpuscular Hb conc

A

a. mean corpuscular volume

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17
Q

what equation is used to calculate MCV?

a. Hb/Hct
b. Hb/RBC count
c. Hct/RBC count

A

c.Hct/RBC count

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18
Q

what equation is used to calculate MCH?

a. Hb/Hct
b. Hb/RBC count
c. Hct/RBC count

A

b.Hb/RBC count

19
Q

what equation is used to calculate MCHC?

a. Hb/Hct
b. Hb/RBC count
c. Hct/RBC count

A

a.Hb/Hct

20
Q

Anaemia is classified in which 3 ways?

A

morphology
Hb content
Etiology

21
Q

What are the 3 etiologies of anaemia?

A

impaired erythropoesis
Haemolysis
loss of RBC - bleeding

22
Q

patient with suspected anaemia, blood screen done RBC appear hypochromic and microcytic what does this indicate about MCV and MCH?

a. MCV increase, MCH decrease
b. MCV decrease, MCH decrease
c. MCV increase, MCH increase
d. MCV= , MCH =

A

b. MCV decrease, MCH decrease

23
Q

patient with suspected anaemia, blood screen done RBC appear hyperchromic and macrocytic what does this indicate about MCV and MCH?

a. MCV increase, MCH decrease
b. MCV decrease, MCH decrease
c. MCV increase, MCH increase
d. MCV= , MCH =

A

c.MCV increase, MCH increase

24
Q

patient with suspected anaemia, blood screen done RBC appear normochromic and normocytic what does this indicate about MCV and MCH?

a. MCV increase, MCH decrease
b. MCV decrease, MCH decrease
c. MCV increase, MCH increase
d. MCV= , MCH =

A

d.MCV= , MCH =

25
Q

patient with suspected anaemia, blood screen done RBC appear hyperchromic and macrocytic , which diagnosis is most likely?

a. megoblastic
b. iron defficiency
c. acute blood loss
d. hameolytic

A

a.megoblastic

vit b12/folate defficinecy

26
Q

patient with suspected anaemia, blood screen done RBC appear hypochromic and microcytic , which diagnosis is most likely?

a. megoblastic
b. iron defficiency
c. acute blood loss
d. hameolytic

A

b.iron defficinecy anaemia

27
Q

patient with suspected anaemia, blood screen done RBC appear normochromic and normocytic , which diagnosis is most likely?

a. megoblastic
b. iron defficiency
c. acute blood loss
d. hameolytic

A

c/d. acute blood loss/ haemolytic

28
Q

which tests are done to confirm iron defficiency ?

A

serum iron
total iron binding capacity
ferritin

29
Q

what does a serum iron test test for ?

a. the level of iron in the blood
b. measurement of the protein transferrin that carries iron through the blood
c. ratio of serum iron to iron binding capacity
d. the amount of iron stored in the body

A

a.the level iron in the blood

30
Q

what does total iron binding capacity test for?

a. the level of iron in the blood
b. measurement of the protein transferrin that carries iron through the blood
c. ratio of serum iron to iron binding capacity
d. the amount of iron stored in the body

A

b. measurement of the protein transferrin that carries iron through the blood

31
Q

what does the transferrin saturation index refer to?

a. the level of iron in the blood
b. measurement of the protein transferrin that carries iron through the blood
c. ratio of serum iron to iron binding capacity
d. the amount of iron stored in the body

A

c.the ratio of serum iron to binding capacity

32
Q

what does a ferritin test test for?

a. the level of iron in the blood
b. measurement of the protein transferrin that carries iron through the blood
c. ratio of serum iron to iron binding capacity
d. the amount of iron stored in the body

A

d.the amount of iron stored in the body

33
Q

patient undergoes serum iron test, result shows decreased result. What would this indicate?

a. iron defficinecy
b. rickets
c. sickle cell anaemia
d. beta thallasemia

A

a. iron defficiency

34
Q

In a patient with iron defficiency anaemia the total iron binding capacity would be expected to be?

a. decreased
b. normal
c. increased

A

c.increased

35
Q

a transferrin saturation index of less than 15% indicates?

a. anaemia not present
b. anaemia present
c. iron deffcicency

A

c.iron defficiency

36
Q

Which tests for iron defficiency requires fasting?

a. transferrin saturation index
b. ferritin
c. total iron binding capacity
d. serum iron

A

d.serum iron

37
Q

A patient undergoes a serum iron test but forgets to fast before hand. what effect would this have on the result?

a. misleadingly high
b. misleadingly low
c. no effect

A

a.misleadingly high

38
Q

Which test is considered most specific for identifying iron defficiency anaemia ?

a,transferrin saturation index

b. ferritin
c. serum iron
d. total iron binding capacity

A

b.ferritin

39
Q

infection and inflammation alter the results of which iron test

a. serum iron
b. total iron binding capacity
c. transferrin saturation index
d. ferritin

A

d.ferritin

40
Q

what does accumulation of billirubin lead to?

a. fever
b. jaundice
c. nausea
d. dyspnoea

A

b.jaundice

41
Q

where are RBCs broken down?

a. liver
b. kidney
c. spleen
d. red bone marrow

A

a.liver

42
Q

what is the haem element broken down to ?

a. billirubin
b. amino acids
c. ferritin
d. iron and billirubin

A

d.iron and billirubin

43
Q

what is the globin element broken down to ?

a. billirubin
b. amino acids
c. ferritin
d. iron and billirubin

A

b. amino acids

44
Q

where does billlirubin go after the liver?

a. as urea to kidney
b. as bile to small intestine
c. as amino acids to stomach
d. as folic acid to red bone marrow

A

b.as bile to small intestine

BCR 1 (60 decks)

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