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BCR 1 > Pathology - Lipid disorders > Flashcards

Pathology - Lipid disorders Flashcards

1
Q

what best describes the presentation of xanthelasma?

a. lipid collections around the eyes
b. white ring around the cornea
c. swelling of the tendons
d. pink spore like rash on arms
e. lipid build up on hands

A

a.lipid collections around the eyes

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2
Q

what best describes the presentation of corneal arcus?

a. lipid collections around the eyes
b. white ring around the cornea
c. swelling of the tendons
d. pink spore like rash on arms
e. lipid build up on hands

A

b. white ring around the cornea

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3
Q

what best describes the presentation of tendon xanthoma?

a. lipid collections around the eyes
b. white ring around the cornea
c. swelling of the tendons
d. pink spore like rash on arms
e. lipid build up on hands

A

c.swelling of the tendons

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4
Q

what best describes the presentation of eruptive xanthoma?

a. lipid collections around the eyes
b. white ring around the cornea
c. swelling of the tendons
d. pink spore like rash on arms
e. lipid build up on hands

A

d.pink spore like rash on arms

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5
Q

what best describes the presentation of palmar xanthoma?

a. lipid collections around the eyes
b. white ring around the cornea
c. swelling of the tendons
d. pink spore like rash on arms
e. lipid build up on hands

A

e.lipid build up on hands

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6
Q

what is an abnormal pale appearance of the vessels in the eye known as?

a. lipaemia retinalis
b. corneal arcus
c. xanthalasema
d. xanthoma

A

a.lipaemia retinalis

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7
Q

what can be caused by high triglycerides?

a. acute heart failure
b. acute pancreatitis
c. acute renal failure
d. chronic hepatic damage

A

b. acute pancreatitis

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8
Q

what does an abnormal milky serum to the blood indicate?

a. proteins
b. lipid disorder
c. lack of iron

A

b.lipid disorder

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9
Q

what is the treshold cardiovascular risk for a formal assessment including a lipid measurement?

a. 15%
b. 25%
c. 40%
d. 10%

A

d.10%

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10
Q

at what age is a regular CV risk review done?

a. 30
b. 40
c. 50
d. 60

A

b.40

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11
Q

what is found in the hydrophobic core of lipoproteins?

a. triglycerides and cholerteryl esters
b. phospholipids and free cholesterol
c. amphipathic proteins
d. apolipoprotiens

A

a.triglycerides and cholerteryl esters

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12
Q

what is found in the amphipathic phospholipid shell of lipoproteins?

a. triglycerides and cholerteryl esters
b. phospholipids and free cholesterol
c. amphipathic proteins
d. apolipoprotiens

A

b. phospholipids and free cholesterol

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13
Q

which lipoprotein is the largest in diametere?

a. HDL
b. LDL
c. VLDL
d. chylomicron
e. chylomicron remnants

A

d.chylomicron

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14
Q

which lipoprotein has the smallest sa:v ratio ?

a. HDL
b. LDL
c. VLDL
d. chylomicron
e. chylomicron remnants

A

d.chylomicron

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15
Q

where is VLDL secreted from in the endogenous lipid pathway?

a. kidney
b. small intestine
c. liver
d. large intestine

A

c.liver

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16
Q

which of these is secreted by the liver in the endogenous lipid pathway?

a. HDL
b. LDL
c. VLDL
d. chylomicron
e. chylomicron remnants

A

c.VLDL

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17
Q

which of these apolipoproteins interacts with lipoprotein lipase?

a. apo b100
c. abo a
d. apo c 11
e. apo c 100

A

d.apo c 11

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18
Q

what does lipoprotein lipase do?

a. polymerise triglycerides and free fatty acids
b. destroy chylomicron remnants
c. hydrolyse cholesteryl esters
d. hydrolyse triglyceride to free fatty acids

A

d.hydrolyse triglyceride to free fatty acids

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19
Q

free fatty acids enter cells for..

a. further hydrolysis
b. storage
c. respiration

A

b. storage

become smaller remnants

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20
Q

50% of smaller remnants are cleared by..

a. the kindeys
b. large intestine
c. small intestine
d. liver

A

d.liver

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21
Q

50% of small remnants are hydrolysed to form..

a.chylomicrons
bHDL
c.LDL
d.VLDL

A

c.LDL

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22
Q

what apolipoprotein is complimentary to the LDL receptor?

a. apo c11
b. apo b100
c. apo a200
d. apo c12

A

b.apo b100

23
Q

what type of cell is an LDL receptor found on?

a. renal cell
b. smooth muscle cell
c. liver cell
d. juxtaglomerular cell

A

c.liver cell

24
Q

where is PCSK9 found?

a.on the surface of chylomicrons
b. liver cell
c,adjacent to LDL receptor

A

c,adjacent to LDL receptor

25
Q

what is the role of PCSK9?

a. LDL receptor reuse
b. LDL receptor destruction
c. LDL destruction

A

b.LDL receptor destruction

26
Q

What happens to LDL after entering liver cell?

a. cholesterol used by cell
b. triglycerides used by cell
c. cholesteryle used by cell

A

a.cholesterol used by cell

27
Q

what is the majority of familila hypercholesterolaemia caused by?

a,faulty apo-b100

b. faulty ldl receptor
c. gain of function of PCSK9

A

b.faulty ldl receptor

28
Q

which of these is not a mechanism of FH?

a,faulty apo-b100

b. faulty ldl receptor
c. gain of function of PCSK9
d. loss of function of PCSK9

A

d.loss of function of PCSK9

29
Q

true or false as a result of less LDL taken into the cells in FH , cells male their own cholesterol further increasing blood LDL?

a. true
b. false

A

a.true

30
Q

what happens as a result of increased blood LDL in FH?

a. atherosclerosis
b. heart failure
c. left ventricular dysfunction
d. suoraventricular tachycardia

A

a.atherosclerosis

31
Q

which is more common

a. hetrozygous FH
b. homozygous FH

A

a.hetrozygous FH

32
Q

what should be suspected if a patient has a familiy / personal history of prem coronary heart disease and or a total cholesterol of >7.5 mmol/l?

a. hetrozygous FH
b. dysbetalipoproteinaemia
c. Familial Chylomicronaemia Syndrome

A

a.FH

33
Q

a personal or family history of what indicates for consideration of hetrozygous FH?

a. heart attack
b. prem coronary heart disease
c. stroke
d. diabetes
e. hypertension

A

b.prem coronary heart disease

34
Q

a total cholesterol of more than what indicates for consideration of hetrozygous FH?

a. 5 mmol/l
b. 10 mmol/l
c. 15 mmol/l
d. 20 mmol/l
e. 7.5 mmol/l

A

e.7.5 mmol/l

35
Q

what should be excluded before hetrozygous FH`/

a. hypertension
b. dysbetalipoproteinaemia
c. Familial Chylomicronaemia Syndrome
d. secondary cause of high cholesterol

A

d.secondary cause of high cholesterol

36
Q

which criteria is used to assessrisk of FH?

a. wilson and jugner
b. simon broome
d. starling

A

b.simon broome

37
Q

to confirm definite fh what is needed in addition to total cholesterol of 7.5 mmol/l +

a. tendon xanthoma in patient/1st/2nd degree relative
b. family history of MI below 50 in 2nd degree/ 60 in 1st degree
c. family history of raised cholesterol in first/second

A

a.tendon xanthoma in patient/1st/2nd degree relative

or DNA based evidence of mutation

38
Q

patient has total cholesterol of 7.5 mmol/l +, and family history of MI in 2nd degree relative below 50 yrs. which diagnosis is most correct?

a. definite FH
b.dysbetalipoproteinaemia
c.Familial Chylomicronaemia Syndrome
\d.possible FH

A

d.possible FH

39
Q

patient has total cholesterol of 7.5 mmol/l +, and family history of MI in 1st degree relative below 60 yrs. which diagnosis is most correct?

a. definite FH
b.dysbetalipoproteinaemia
c.Familial Chylomicronaemia Syndrome
\d.possible FH

A

d.possible FH

40
Q

patient has total cholesterol of 7.5 mmol/l +, and family history of raised cholesterol. which diagnosis is most correct?

a. definite FH
b.dysbetalipoproteinaemia
c.Familial Chylomicronaemia Syndrome
\d.possible FH

A

d.possible FH

41
Q

genetic testing, clinical assessment and a lipid profile are done to test for which condition?

a. FH
b. dysbetalipoproteinaemia
c. Familial Chylomicronaemia Syndrome

A

a. FH

42
Q

what is the cause of dysbetalipoproteinaemia?

a,faulty apo-b100

b. faulty ldl receptor
c. gain of function of PCSK9
d. mutated apo-E gene

A

d.mutated apo-E gene

43
Q

what best describes dysbetalipoproteinaemia?

a. hetrozygous
b. homozygous
c. autosomal recessive
d. sex linked

A

c.autosomal recessive

44
Q

how many copies of the apo-E2 gene predispose dysbetalipoproteinaemia?

a.1
b/2
c.0

A

b/2

45
Q

which of these conditions requires a trigger in order for features of this condition to develop in a patient?

a. dysbetalipoproteinaemia
b. Homozygous FH
c. hetrozygous FH

A

a.dysbetalipoproteinaemia

46
Q

which of these is not a trigger for features of

A
47
Q

which of these is not a trigger for features of.dysbetalipoproteinaemia?

a,obesity

b. diabetes
c. depression
d. hypothyroidism
e. low oestrogen states in women

A

c.depression

48
Q

high triglycerides and cholesterol, xanthoma and premature cardiovascular disease are features of which lipid disorder?

a. dysbetalipoproteinaemia
b. Homozygous FH
c. hetrozygous FH
d. polygenic hypercholesterolaemia

A

a.dysbetalipoproteinaemia

49
Q

at which point in the lipid pathway does familial chylomicronaemia syndrome have its pathology?

a. uptake of LDL into liver cells
b. estirification into cholesteryl esters and triglycerides in enterocytes
c. apo c 11 interacting with lipoprotein lipase
d. aquiring apo c 11

A

c.apo c 11 interacting with lipoprotein lipase

50
Q

which of these is caused by one gene?

a. FH
b. polygenic H

A

a.FH

51
Q

what is the patholgy of familial chylomicronaemia syndrome?

a. mutated apo-e2 gene
b. LDL receptor mutation
c. apo b100 mutation
d. lipoprotein lipase defficiency

A

d.lipoprotein lipase defficiency

52
Q

patient with v high circulating triglycerides and chylomicrons in blood , also has recurrent acute pancreatitis.
which most likley?

a. dysbetalipoproteinaemia
b. Homozygous FH
c. hetrozygous FH
d. polygenic hypercholesterolaemia
e. familial chylomicronaemia syndrome

A

e.familial chylomicronaemia syndrome

53
Q

which of these gives a lower risk of heart disease

a. PH
b. FH

A

a.PH

BCR 1 (60 decks)

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