Physiology - Alveoli and restrictive ventilatory defects

Question 1

what traction to alveoli exert on small airways ?

a. inward
b. outward

Answer 1

b.outward

Question 2

what is the term used to describe volume increase per unit increase measured statically at functional residual capacity?

a. FEV1
b. FVC
c. lung compliance
d. lung elastance

Answer 2

c.lung compliance

Question 3

what is the term used to describe the pressure required to inflate the lung?

a. FEV1
b. FVC
c. lung compliance
d. lung elastance

Answer 3

d.lung elastance

Question 4

what is the correct equation for compliance?

a. volume/static pressure
b. static pressure /volume
c. static pressure x volume

Answer 4

b. static pressure /volume

Question 5

what type of pneumocyte releases surfactant?

a. 1
b. 2

Answer 5

b.2

Question 6

which of these factors does not affect lung compliance?

a. elastin
b. collagen
c. surface tnsion and surfactant
d. alveolar size
e. lung volume
f. lung size

Answer 6

f. lung size

Question 7

which of these layers is exposed to the air in the alveolus?

a. surfactant
b. epithelial cell
c. basement membrane
d. elastin fibres
e. basement membrane of capillary

Answer 7

a.surfactant

Question 8

which of these does not give surface tension to the alveolar wall?

a. surface tension
b. elastin fibres
c. collagen fibres

Answer 8

c.collagen fibres

Question 9

what substance reduces surface tension and increases compliance?

a. elastin
b. collagen
c. basement membrane
d. surfactant

Answer 9

d.surfactant

Question 10

in anew born when is more surfactant present?

a. deflation
b. inflation

Answer 10

a.deflation

alveolar collapse

Question 11

replacement of elastin fibres with collagen fibres occurs in which condition

a. emphysema
b. pulmonary fibrosis
c. asthma
d. bronchiectasis

Answer 11

b.pulmonary fibrosis

Question 12

what happens to the volume pressure curve in a new born with surfactant deficiency`/

a. shift right
b. shift left

Answer 12

a.shift right

higher pressure lower volume as no surfactant to increase compliance

Question 13

what happens to functional residual capacity and total lung capacity in emphysema?

a. increase
b. decrease
c. no change

Answer 13

a.increase

due to increased compliance

Question 14

what happens to total lung capacity and functional residual capcity in pulmonary fibrosis?

a. increase
b. decrease
c. no change

Answer 14

b.decrease

Question 15

true or false increased airway compliance leads to loss of alveolar tethering and so an increase in airway resistance as the small bronchiole no longer has outward traction?

a. true
b. false

Answer 15

a. true

Question 16

a reduction in all lung volumes except minute volume preserved early in disease and falling later occurs in which type of defect?

a. restrictive
b. obstructive

Answer 16

a. restrictive

Question 17

what measurement is preferred for diagnosis of restrictive defect?

a. minute volume
b. FVC and FEV
c. FEV1:FVC
d. total lung capacity

Answer 17

d.total lung capacity

Question 18

forced expiratory manoevre

Answer 18

1. fully inflate lungs

2. forcefully exhale as far and fast as possible

Question 19

what happens to compliance and functional residual capacity in restrictive defects?

a. increase
b. decrease

Answer 19

b.decrease