Anatomy - Practical 03 : Gross anatomy of the heart ; External features

Question 1

what is the term for the build up of fluid in the pericardial cavity

a. pleural effeusion
b. pneumonia
c. cardiac tamponade

Answer 1

c. cardiac tamponade

Question 2

what does cardiac tamponade prevent?

a. sufficient heart rate
b. heart from filling

Answer 2

b. heart from filling

reducing output

Question 3

if allowed to progress cardiac tamponade may lead to..

a. carneys triad
b. virchows triad
c. becks triad

Answer 3

c.becks triad

Question 4

which of these is not part of becks triad?

a. low bp
b. high bp
c. muffled heart sound
d. raised jvp

Answer 4

b.high bp

Question 5

what is performed to remove fluid in cardiac tamponade?

a,plueral tap -thoracocentesis

b. chest drain -thoracostamy
c. pericardiocentesis

Answer 5

c. pericardiocentesis

Question 6

the heart begins as a tube surrounded by a double layered cyclinder of……. with continuous ends and a pericardial cavity ?

a. epicardium
b. endocardium
c. pericardium

Answer 6

c.pericardium

Question 7

in the second stage the heart folds and partitions into septa to form chambers how many arteries and veins form?

a. 2 arteries,6 veins
b. 6 arteries, 2 veins

Answer 7

a.2 arteries,6 veins

pulmonary artery and aorta, svc,ivc,4 pulmonary veins

Question 8

which sinus is found between the aorta,pulmonary trunk and SVC?

a. transverse
b. oblique

Answer 8

a.transverse

Question 9

which sinus is found between the pulmonary veins?

a. transverse
b. oblique

Answer 9

b.oblique

Question 10

the transvere sinus is …. to the aorta and pulmonary trunk?

a. anterior
b. posterior
c. inferior
d. superior

Answer 10

b.posterior

Question 11

the oblique pericardial sinus lies posterior to the heart near the pulmonary veins and IVC. what structure does it overly?

a. trachea
b. oesophagus
c. svc
d. aorta and pulmonary veins

Answer 11

b.oesophagus

Question 12

which sinus allows for clamps to be placed around the aorta in cardiac surgery

a. transverse
b. oblique

Answer 12

a.transverse

Question 13

where is blood flow redirected in heart surgery

Answer 13

cardio pulmonary bypass machine

Question 14

what nerve gives sensory innervation to the pericardium?

a. phrenic
b. axillary
c. musculotaneous

Answer 14

a.phrenic

Question 15

how does blood drain from the pericardium?

a. pericardiphrenic and azygous tributaries
b. pericardiophrenic and musculophrenic arteries

Answer 15

a. pericardiphrenic and azygous tributaries

Question 16

what gives blood supply to the pericardium

a. pericardiophrenic and azygous
b. pericardiophrenic and musculophrenic
c. subclavian and internal thoracic

Answer 16

b. pericardiophrenic and musculophrenic

Question 17

what is the visceral pericardium supplied by?

a. pericardioophrenic and azygous
b. pericardioprehnic and musculophrenic
c. coronary artery

Answer 17

c.coronary arter

Question 18

which layer of the pericardium is supplied by the coronary artery?

a. visceral
b. parietal
c. firbous

Answer 18

a.visceral

Question 19

a sharp pain in the chest worsened by inspiration and lessened by leaning forwards indicates

a. heart failure
b. MI
c. Left ventricular hypertrophy
d. pericarditits

Answer 19

d.pericarditits

Question 20

what is used to visualise the heart as the oesophagus is directly posterior to the base of the heart?

a,plueral tap -thoracocentesis

b. chest drain -thoracostamy
c. pericardiocentesis
d. trans -oesophageal echocardiography

Answer 20

d.trans -oesophageal echocardiography

Question 21

what lies directly posterior to the base of the heart?

a. trachea
b. oesophagus
c. spleen

Answer 21

b.oesophagus

Question 22

what separates the smooth and rough parts of the right atrium?

a. fossa ovalis
b. foramen ovale
c. crista terminalis
d. SAN
e. chordae tendernae

Answer 22

c.crista terminalis

Question 23

what is the smooth part of the right atrium known as

a. crista terminalis
b. sinus venarum
c. pectinate muscle

Answer 23

b.sinus venarum

Question 24

what is the rough part of the right atrium known as

a. crista terminalis
b. sinus venarum
c. pectinate muscle

Answer 24

c.pectinate muscle

Question 25

what part of the crista terminalis does the SAN lie a. superior b. inferior c. posterior d. anterior

Answer 25

a.superior

Question 26

what is the pacemaker of the heart a. AVN b. baroreceptor c. SAN

Answer 26

c.SAN

Question 27

what nervous system can change the rate of the heartbeat in the modified cardiomyocytes of the SAN a. somatic b. peripheral c. central d. autonomic

Answer 27

d.autonomic

Question 28

where is the impulse directed after the AVN? a. bundle of His b. R and L bundle branches c. purkinje fibres d. ventricular wall

Answer 28

a.bundle of His

Question 29

where is the impulse directed after the bundle of his? b. R and L bundle branches c. purkinje fibres d. ventricular wall

Answer 29

b.R and L bundle branches

Question 30

where is the impulse directed after the purkinje fibres? a. bundle of his b. R and L bundle branches c. purkinje fibres d. ventricular wall

Answer 30

d. ventricular wall

Question 31

where is the AV node found? a. superior edge of crista terminalis b. interventricular septum close to coronary sinus c. interatrial septum close to the coronary sinus

Answer 31

c.interatrial septum close to the coronary sinus

Question 32

what valve directs blood from IVC to foramen ovale in fetal life? a. tricuspid b. bicuspid c. coronary sinus d. eustachian

Answer 32

d. eustachian

Question 33

what is the fibrous skeleton of the heart made up of? a. cartilage b. fibrocartilage c. collagen e. e;astin

Answer 33

c.collagen

Question 33

what is the fibrous skeleton of the heart made up of? a. cartilage b. fibrocartilage c. collagen e. e;astin

Answer 33

c.collagen

Question 34

what is the role of the septum a. insulation b. supports the valves

Answer 34

a.insulation

Question 35

what does the AVN do? a. control heart rate of ventricles b.pacemaker c,slow and rate limit rate of heart

Answer 35

c,slow and rate limit rate of heart | gives ventricles time to fill

Question 36

what is tachycardia caused by? a. abnormal AVN activity b. abnormal SAN activity c. abnormal communication between atria and ventricles

Answer 36

c. abnormal communication between atria and ventricles increased risk of death if atrial fibrillation as this can spread to ventricles

Question 37

what is done to destroy abnormal AV communications , involving catheter insertion via a thigh vein and heat/freezing to destroy abnormal tissue? a,plueral tap -thoracocentesis b. chest drain -thoracostamy c. pericardiocentesis d. trans -oesophageal echocardiography e. catheter ablation

Answer 37

e.catheter ablation

Question 38

what vein do the leads for the artificial cardiac pacemaker run in? a. internal thoracic b. azygous c. pericardiophrenic d. subclavian e. common carotid

Answer 38

d.subclavian

Question 39

when a signal initiated at the SA node does not reach the ventricles andinstead ventricles contract at their own slower pace it is known as.. a. tachycardia b. bradycardia c. heart block d. heart failure

Answer 39

c.heart block

Question 40

where do the 3 leads of a artificial pacemaker go? a. AVN,SAN,bundle of his b. RA,RV,coronary sinus c. LA,LV , coronary sinus

Answer 40

b.RA,RV,coronary sinus

Question 41

almost all pacemakers have which lead? a. RA b. RV c. coronary sinus

Answer 41

b.RV

Question 42

what part of the CNS relats sensations from and sends signals to the internal organs, smooth muscles and glands? a. somatic b. visceral

Answer 42

b.visceral

Question 43

unconcious involuntary action is undertaken by the...... NS a. visceral b. somatic

Answer 43

a.visceral

Question 44

concious voluntary action is undertaken by the...... NS a. visceral b. somatic

Answer 44

b.somatic

Question 45

which spinal nerves give sympathetic innervation to the heart? a. phrenic b. c5-t1 c. t1-t5

Answer 45

c. t1-t5 leave as cardiac nerves that run to cardiac plexus

Question 46

what nerve gives branches to the cardiac plexus and so parasympathetic innervation to the heart? a. t1-t4 b. thoracic c. vagus nerve - cranial x

Answer 46

c.vagus nerve - cranial x

Question 47

what gives feedback on blood pressure to the heart/ a. vagus nerve - cranial x b. t1-t5 sympathetics c. sensory nerves with vagus nerve + t1-t5 sympathetics

Answer 47

c.sensory nerves with vagus nerve + t1-t5 sympathetics

Question 48

which nerves sense pain in the heart? a. sensory alongisde t1-t5 b. sensory alongside vagus nerve

Answer 48

a.sensory alongisde t1-t5 | mainly left

Question 49

what causes referred pain? a. MI b. insufficient blood supply c. heart failure d. angina

Answer 49

b.insufficient blood supply

Question 50

which two nerve types entering the spinal cord at the same level lead to referred pain? a. visceral motor and somatic sensory b. visceral and somatic motor c. visceral and somatic sensory d. visceral sensory and motor somatic

Answer 50

c.visceral and somatic sensory

Question 51

what spinal nerves supply both the heart visceral sensory nerves and the left chest and arm? a. t1-t2 b. t1-t4 c. t1-t6 d. t1-t5

Answer 51

d.t1-t5