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BCR 1 > Anatomy - Practical 03 : Gross anatomy of the heart ; External features > Flashcards

Anatomy - Practical 03 : Gross anatomy of the heart ; External features Flashcards

1
Q

what is the term for the build up of fluid in the pericardial cavity

a. pleural effeusion
b. pneumonia
c. cardiac tamponade

A

c. cardiac tamponade

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2
Q

what does cardiac tamponade prevent?

a. sufficient heart rate
b. heart from filling

A

b. heart from filling

reducing output

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3
Q

if allowed to progress cardiac tamponade may lead to..

a. carneys triad
b. virchows triad
c. becks triad

A

c.becks triad

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4
Q

which of these is not part of becks triad?

a. low bp
b. high bp
c. muffled heart sound
d. raised jvp

A

b.high bp

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5
Q

what is performed to remove fluid in cardiac tamponade?

a,plueral tap -thoracocentesis

b. chest drain -thoracostamy
c. pericardiocentesis

A

c. pericardiocentesis

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6
Q

the heart begins as a tube surrounded by a double layered cyclinder of……. with continuous ends and a pericardial cavity ?

a. epicardium
b. endocardium
c. pericardium

A

c.pericardium

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7
Q

in the second stage the heart folds and partitions into septa to form chambers how many arteries and veins form?

a. 2 arteries,6 veins
b. 6 arteries, 2 veins

A

a.2 arteries,6 veins

pulmonary artery and aorta, svc,ivc,4 pulmonary veins

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8
Q

which sinus is found between the aorta,pulmonary trunk and SVC?

a. transverse
b. oblique

A

a.transverse

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9
Q

which sinus is found between the pulmonary veins?

a. transverse
b. oblique

A

b.oblique

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10
Q

the transvere sinus is …. to the aorta and pulmonary trunk?

a. anterior
b. posterior
c. inferior
d. superior

A

b.posterior

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11
Q

the oblique pericardial sinus lies posterior to the heart near the pulmonary veins and IVC. what structure does it overly?

a. trachea
b. oesophagus
c. svc
d. aorta and pulmonary veins

A

b.oesophagus

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12
Q

which sinus allows for clamps to be placed around the aorta in cardiac surgery

a. transverse
b. oblique

A

a.transverse

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13
Q

where is blood flow redirected in heart surgery

A

cardio pulmonary bypass machine

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14
Q

what nerve gives sensory innervation to the pericardium?

a. phrenic
b. axillary
c. musculotaneous

A

a.phrenic

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15
Q

how does blood drain from the pericardium?

a. pericardiphrenic and azygous tributaries
b. pericardiophrenic and musculophrenic arteries

A

a. pericardiphrenic and azygous tributaries

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16
Q

what gives blood supply to the pericardium

a. pericardiophrenic and azygous
b. pericardiophrenic and musculophrenic
c. subclavian and internal thoracic

A

b. pericardiophrenic and musculophrenic

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17
Q

what is the visceral pericardium supplied by?

a. pericardioophrenic and azygous
b. pericardioprehnic and musculophrenic
c. coronary artery

A

c.coronary arter

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18
Q

which layer of the pericardium is supplied by the coronary artery?

a. visceral
b. parietal
c. firbous

A

a.visceral

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19
Q

a sharp pain in the chest worsened by inspiration and lessened by leaning forwards indicates

a. heart failure
b. MI
c. Left ventricular hypertrophy
d. pericarditits

A

d.pericarditits

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20
Q

what is used to visualise the heart as the oesophagus is directly posterior to the base of the heart?

a,plueral tap -thoracocentesis

b. chest drain -thoracostamy
c. pericardiocentesis
d. trans -oesophageal echocardiography

A

d.trans -oesophageal echocardiography

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21
Q

what lies directly posterior to the base of the heart?

a. trachea
b. oesophagus
c. spleen

A

b.oesophagus

22
Q

what separates the smooth and rough parts of the right atrium?

a. fossa ovalis
b. foramen ovale
c. crista terminalis
d. SAN
e. chordae tendernae

A

c.crista terminalis

23
Q

what is the smooth part of the right atrium known as

a. crista terminalis
b. sinus venarum
c. pectinate muscle

A

b.sinus venarum

24
Q

what is the rough part of the right atrium known as

a. crista terminalis
b. sinus venarum
c. pectinate muscle

A

c.pectinate muscle

25
Q

what part of the crista terminalis does the SAN lie

a. superior
b. inferior
c. posterior
d. anterior

A

a.superior

26
Q

what is the pacemaker of the heart

a. AVN
b. baroreceptor
c. SAN

A

c.SAN

27
Q

what nervous system can change the rate of the heartbeat in the modified cardiomyocytes of the SAN

a. somatic
b. peripheral
c. central
d. autonomic

A

d.autonomic

28
Q

where is the impulse directed after the AVN?

a. bundle of His
b. R and L bundle branches
c. purkinje fibres
d. ventricular wall

A

a.bundle of His

29
Q

where is the impulse directed after the bundle of his?

b. R and L bundle branches
c. purkinje fibres
d. ventricular wall

A

b.R and L bundle branches

30
Q

where is the impulse directed after the purkinje fibres?

a. bundle of his
b. R and L bundle branches
c. purkinje fibres
d. ventricular wall

A

d. ventricular wall

31
Q

where is the AV node found?

a. superior edge of crista terminalis
b. interventricular septum close to coronary sinus
c. interatrial septum close to the coronary sinus

A

c.interatrial septum close to the coronary sinus

32
Q

what valve directs blood from IVC to foramen ovale in fetal life?

a. tricuspid
b. bicuspid
c. coronary sinus
d. eustachian

A

d. eustachian

33
Q

what is the fibrous skeleton of the heart made up of?

a. cartilage
b. fibrocartilage
c. collagen
e. e;astin

A

c.collagen

33
Q

what is the fibrous skeleton of the heart made up of?

a. cartilage
b. fibrocartilage
c. collagen
e. e;astin

A

c.collagen

34
Q

what is the role of the septum

a. insulation
b. supports the valves

A

a.insulation

35
Q

what does the AVN do?

a. control heart rate of ventricles
b.pacemaker
c,slow and rate limit rate of heart

A

c,slow and rate limit rate of heart

gives ventricles time to fill

36
Q

what is tachycardia caused by?

a. abnormal AVN activity
b. abnormal SAN activity
c. abnormal communication between atria and ventricles

A

c. abnormal communication between atria and ventricles

increased risk of death if atrial fibrillation as this can spread to ventricles

37
Q

what is done to destroy abnormal AV communications , involving catheter insertion via a thigh vein and heat/freezing to destroy abnormal tissue?

a,plueral tap -thoracocentesis

b. chest drain -thoracostamy
c. pericardiocentesis
d. trans -oesophageal echocardiography
e. catheter ablation

A

e.catheter ablation

38
Q

what vein do the leads for the artificial cardiac pacemaker run in?

a. internal thoracic
b. azygous
c. pericardiophrenic
d. subclavian
e. common carotid

A

d.subclavian

39
Q

when a signal initiated at the SA node does not reach the ventricles andinstead ventricles contract at their own slower pace it is known as..

a. tachycardia
b. bradycardia
c. heart block
d. heart failure

A

c.heart block

40
Q

where do the 3 leads of a artificial pacemaker go?

a. AVN,SAN,bundle of his
b. RA,RV,coronary sinus
c. LA,LV , coronary sinus

A

b.RA,RV,coronary sinus

41
Q

almost all pacemakers have which lead?

a. RA
b. RV
c. coronary sinus

A

b.RV

42
Q

what part of the CNS relats sensations from and sends signals to the internal organs, smooth muscles and glands?

a. somatic
b. visceral

A

b.visceral

43
Q

unconcious involuntary action is undertaken by the…… NS

a. visceral
b. somatic

A

a.visceral

44
Q

concious voluntary action is undertaken by the…… NS

a. visceral
b. somatic

A

b.somatic

45
Q

which spinal nerves give sympathetic innervation to the heart?

a. phrenic
b. c5-t1
c. t1-t5

A

c. t1-t5

leave as cardiac nerves that run to cardiac plexus

46
Q

what nerve gives branches to the cardiac plexus and so parasympathetic innervation to the heart?

a. t1-t4
b. thoracic
c. vagus nerve - cranial x

A

c.vagus nerve - cranial x

47
Q

what gives feedback on blood pressure to the heart/

a. vagus nerve - cranial x
b. t1-t5 sympathetics
c. sensory nerves with vagus nerve + t1-t5 sympathetics

A

c.sensory nerves with vagus nerve + t1-t5 sympathetics

48
Q

which nerves sense pain in the heart?

a. sensory alongisde t1-t5
b. sensory alongside vagus nerve

A

a.sensory alongisde t1-t5

mainly left

49
Q

what causes referred pain?

a. MI
b. insufficient blood supply
c. heart failure
d. angina

A

b.insufficient blood supply

50
Q

which two nerve types entering the spinal cord at the same level lead to referred pain?

a. visceral motor and somatic sensory
b. visceral and somatic motor
c. visceral and somatic sensory
d. visceral sensory and motor somatic

A

c.visceral and somatic sensory

51
Q

what spinal nerves supply both the heart visceral sensory nerves and the left chest and arm?

a. t1-t2
b. t1-t4
c. t1-t6
d. t1-t5

A

d.t1-t5

BCR 1 (60 decks)

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