Pharmacology - Pharmacology of the airways Flashcards
stimulation of parasympathetic nerves by choline leads to what action in the airways?
a. bronchoconstriction, mucus secretion, and bronchial vasodilation
b. bronchodilation, mucus secretion and bronchial vasoconstriction
c. broncho constriction, mucus secretion and bronchial vasoconstriction
a. bronchoconstriction, mucus secretion, and bronchial vasodilation
what i the effect of circulating adrenaline on the airways?
a. bronchodilation
b. bronchoconstriction
a.bronchodilation
which nerves have the most significant role in control of smooth muscle tone in the airways?
a. parasympathetic
b. sympathetic
a.parasympathetic
what is the effect of stimulation of the NANC inhibitory nerves in the pulmonary circulation and airways?
a. bronchoconstriction and bronchial vasodilation
b. bronchodilation and bronchial vasoconstriction
c. bronchoconstriction and bronchial vasoconstriction
a. bronchoconstriction and bronchial vasodilation
what does release of NO by NANC nerves stimulate inside the cell?
a. acetyl kinase
b. guanylate cyclase
c. M1 receptors
d. protein kinase
b.guanylate cyclase
what receptors does Ach bind to in the airway smooth muscle?
a. M1 and M3
b. B1
c. Mu
d. a1
e. M1 and A1
a.M1 and M3
what condition is characterised by airway inflammation and an episodic reversible bronchospasm?
a. pulmonary fibrosis
b. pneuonia
c. asthma
d. emphysema
c.asthma
along with enzymes what else produces inflammation that leads to bronchial hypersensitivity?
a. prostaglandins
b. hormones
c. environmental stimuli
d. cytokines
d.cytokines
what happens to mucous glands in asthma?
a. hyposecretion
b. destruction of glands
c. hypersecretion
c.hypersecretion
what happens to the epithelium of the airway in asthma?
a. increased thickness
b. shedding
c. destruction of cells
b. shedding
what white blood cell will have an increased count in a patient with asthma?
a. macrophage
b. monocyte
c. basophils
d. eosinophils
d.eosinophils
what happens to blood vessels in asthma?
a. dilation
b. constriction
c. leaking
c.leaking
reducing exposure to an asthma causing antigen is known as?
a. stimulus reduction
b. avoidance
c. aversion
b.avoidance
which of these leads to bronchial hypereactivity in asthma?
a. late response - inflammation
b. early response - bronchoconstriction
a.late response - inflammation
which of these leads to acute symptoms in asthma?
a. late response - inflammation
b. early response - bronchoconstriction
b.early response - bronchoconstriction
Level of which antibody is increased in asthma?
a. IgM
b. IgA
c. IgE
c.IgE
IgE and antigens from dust/pollen act on which type of white blood cell?
a. macrophage
b. monocyte
c. basophils
d. eosinophils
e. mast cells
e.mast cells
epithelial shedding exposes which part of the cell?
a. blood vessels
c. mucous gland
d. nerves
d.nerves
sensitive to antigens
which of these b2 adrenoceptor agonists is short acting ?
a. salbutumol
b. salmeterol
c. formoterol
d. indacaterol
a.salbutumol
-terol
long acting B2 adrenoceptor agonist
what type of drug is ipratropium bromide?
a. long acting b2 agonist
b. short acting b2 agonist
c. anticholinergic
c.anticholinergic
which group of drugs is used for prophylaxis of inflammation and to resolve inflammation?
a. salbutamol , salmeterol,formoterol
b. ipratropium bromide,salmeterol,indaceterol
c. beclomethasone,fluticasone,budesonide
c. beclomethasone,fluticasone,budesonide
inhaled corticosteroids
which of these drug groups is used for symptomatic relief in asthma?
a. inhaled corticosteroids
b. b2 adrenoceptor antagonists
c. NSAIDS
b.b2 adrenoceptor antagonists
what type of receptor does a b2 adrenoceptor agonist work on in airway smooth muscle?
a. ligand gated ion channel
b. g protein coupled receptor
c. kinase linked receptor
d. nuclear receptor
b.g protein coupled receptor
b2 adrenoceptor agonists binding activates what enzyme to convert ATP to increased cAMP?
a. guanyl cyclase
b. phosphodiesterase
c. protien kinase A
d. adenylyl cyclase
e. myosin light chain kinase
d.adenylyl cyclase
b2 adrenoceptor agonists binding activates adenyl cyclase to convert ATP to increased cAMP what enzyme does this actiavte to produce 5AMP?
a. guanyl cyclase
b. phosphodiesterase
c. protien kinase A
d. adenylyl cyclase
e. myosin light chain kinase
b.phosphodiesterase
b2 adrenoceptor agonists binding activates adenyl cyclase to convert ATP to increased cAMP what enzyme does this activate to phosphorylate myosin light chain kinase and ca dependent K+ channels?
a. guanyl cyclase
b. phosphodiesterase
c. protien kinase A
d. adenylyl cyclase
e. myosin light chain kinase
c.protien kinase A
what effect does phosphorylation of myosin light chain kinase have on airway smooth muscle?
a. bronchodilation
b. bronchoconstriction
a.bronchodilation
how long do SABAa work for?
a. 12 hrs
b. 3 hrs
b.3 hrs
true or false salbutumol is selective to b2 adrenoceptors?
a. true
b. false
a.true
which of these causes bronchodilation?
a. smooth muscle relaxation
b. smooth muscle constriction
a.smooth muscle relaxation
which of these is used as prophylaxis for asthma?
a. SABA
b. LABA
b.LABA
which method of administration reduces systemic effects?
a. IV
b. oral
c. inhaled
d. IM
c.inhaled
what is the main adverse effect of b2 adrenoceptor antagonists?
a. tremor
b. tachycardia/palpitations
c. arrhythmias
d. hypokalaemia
a.tremor
which of these adverse effect of b2 adrenoceptor antagonists is dose dependent?
a. tremor
b. tachycardia/palpitations
c. arrhythmias
d. hypokalaemia
b.tachycardia/palpitations
which of these is a short acting muscarinic antagonist?
a. salmeterol
b. tiotopium
c. umclidinium
d. ipratropium
d.ipratropium
-ium
muscarinic antagonists
what is the correct set of effects for muscarinic antagonists
a. bronchoconstriction, mucus secretion
b. antagonise bronchospasm and decrease mucus secretion
b.antagonise bronchospasm and decrease mucus secretion
which type of asthma drug is better for irritant induced asthma and copd with episodes of bronchospasm than all asthma patients
a. lama
b. saba
c. muscarinic antagonists
d. b2 adrenoceptor agonists
c.muscarinic antagonists
how long do muscarinic antagonists give bronchodilation for
a. 3hrs
b. 30 mins to 5 hrs
c. 12 hrs
b.30 mins to 5 hrs
what is the main side effect of muscaranic antagonists?
a. tremor
b. tachycardia/palpitations
c. arrhythmias
d. hypokalaemia
e. dry mouth
e.dry mouth
what is the effect of a1 adrenoceptor agonists?
a. vasodilation
b. vasoconstriction
b.vasoconstriction
what is the effect of a1 adrenoceptor antagonists?
a. vasodilation
b. vasoconstriction
a.vasodilation
-osin
selctive alpha 1 antagonists
what type of receptors is found in the non vascular smooth muscle in the neck of the bladder and the prostate?
a. a1 adrenoceptors
b. b2 adrenoceptors
c. a1a adrenoceptors
d. m3 muscarinic cholinoceptors
c.a1a adrenoceptors
what are agonists of a1a adrenoceptors?
a. vasoconstrictors
b. vasodilators
c. muscle concstrictors
d. muscle relaxants
c.muscle concstrictors
what are antagonists of a1a adrenoceptors?
a. vasoconstrictors
b. vasodilators
c. muscle concstrictors
d. muscle relaxants
d.muscle relaxants
what is the effect of antagonising M3 muscarinic receptors in airway smooth muscle ?
a. vasoconstrictors
b. vasodilators
c. bronchoconstrictors
d. bronchodilators
a. vasoconstrictors
b. vasodilators
c. muscle concstrictors
d. muscle relaxants
what is the effect of agonising M3 muscarinic receptors in airway smooth muscle ?
a. vasoconstrictors
b. vasodilators
c. bronchoconstrictors
d. bronchodilators
c.bronchoconstrictors
what do xanthines inhibit?
a. b2 adrenoceptors
b. m3 muscarinic receptors
c. phosphodiesterase and cAMP
d. adenyl cyclase
c.phosphodiesterase and cAMP
what receptors are blocked by xanthines?
a. b2 adrenoceptors
b. m3 muscarinic receptors
c. phosphodiesterase and cAMP
d. adenyl cyclase
e. adenosine
e.adenosine
how are xanthines taken
a. IV
b. IM
c. inhaled
d. oral
d.oral
nausea,arrhythmias and convulsions are side effects of which asthma drug group?
a. b2 agonists
b. m3 antagonists
c. xanthines
c.xanthines
what drug group is used in difficult to control asthma?
a. b2 agonists
b. m3 antagonists
c. xanthines
c.xanthines (theophyllines)
the therapeutic window for xanthines is..
a. wide
b. narrow
b.narrow
between MEC and MTC
which of these groups increase serum theophylline levels?
a. OCP, erythromycin, CCb, cimetidine
b. phenytoin, carbamazepine, rifampicin
a.OCP, erythromycin, CCb, cimetidine
which asthma drugs are metabolised by p450 liver enzymes?
a. b2 agonists
b. m3 antagonists
c. xanthines
c.xanthines
which of these groups decrease serum theophylline levels?
a. OCP, erythromycin, CCb, cimetidine
b. phenytoin, carbamazepine, rifampicin
b.phenytoin, carbamazepine, rifampicin
liver enzyme inducers
what do inhaled corticosteroids inhibit?
a. b2 adrenoceptors
b. m3 muscarinic receptors
c. phosphodiesterase and cAMP
d. adenyl cyclase
e. phospholipase A2 and COX -2
e. phospholipase A2 and COX -2
which of these drugs increase B2 responsiveness (bronchodilation)
a. b2 agonists
b. m3 antagonists
c. xanthines
d. inhaled corticosteroids
d.inhaled corticosteroids
what are inhaled corticosteroids used for?
a. prophylaxis
b. acute symptom relief
c. long term symptom relief
a.prophylaxis
oropharangeal candiasis and limited growth in children is associated with which asthma drug?
a. b2 agonists
b. m3 antagonists
c. xanthines
d. inhaled corticosteroids
d.inhaled corticosteroids
which drugs are used for excercise and aspirin induced asthma?
a. b2 agonists
b. m3 antagonists
c. xanthines
d. inhaled corticosteroids
e. leukotriene receptor antagonists
e.leukotriene receptor antagonists
-lukast
leukotriene receptor antagonists
abdominal pain, headache and churg-strauss syndrome are associated with which asthma drug?
a. b2 agonists
b. m3 antagonists
c. xanthines
d. inhaled corticosteroids
e. leukotriene receptor antagonists
e.leukotriene receptor antagonists
which asthma drug requires use of a spacing device/mouth rinse?
a. b2 agonists
b. m3 antagonists
c. xanthines
d. inhaled corticosteroids
e. leukotriene receptor antagonists
d.inhaled corticosteroids
WHAT IS MEASURED IN ADULTS WITH ASTHMA to inform PAAP along with symptoms?
a. PEFR
b. vital capacity
c. residual capacity
e. resp rate
a.PEFR
PAAP
personalised asthma action plan
for all patients
what is the first lifestyle change for asthma
a. smoking cessation
b. nutrition
c. excercise
a.smoking cessation
what values inform asthma control?
a. PEF and FVC
b. PEF and FEV1
c. FEV1 and FVC
b.PEF and FEV1
> 80% predicted
SABA/LABA/SAMA/LAMA are..
a. preventers
b. relievers
b.relievers
what should be prescribed to all with symptomatic asthma , to be used as reliever therapy when required?
a,SABA
b. LABA
c. SAMA
d. LAMA
a,SABA
what should be prescribed to all with symptomatic asthma , to be used as prophylaxis (dose dependent on severity) ?
a,SABA
b. LABA
c. SAMA
d. LAMA
e. ICS
e.ICS
what should be done if asthma is not adequately controlled with a low dose ICS?
a. add on therapy LTRA
b. dose increase
a.add on therapy LTRA
and review in 4-8 weeks
if asthma is uncontrolled on a low dose ICS and LTRA what should be given next
a,SABA
b. LABA
c. SAMA
d. LAMA
b.LABA
if asthma is uncontrolled on low dose ICS + LABA + LTRA ?
a. MART - maintainence and reliever therapy single inhaler ICS + fast acting LABA
b. increase ICS dose and add muscarinic antagonist/ xanthine
a.MART - maintainence and reliever therapy single inhaler ICS + fast acting LABA
if asthma is uncontrolled on MART? a,SABA b.LABA c.SAMA d.LAMA e.increase ICS dose and add muscarinic antagonist/ xanthine
e.increase ICS dose and add muscarinic antagonist/ xanthine
