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BCR 1 > Anatomy - Blood cell morphology > Flashcards

Anatomy - Blood cell morphology Flashcards

1
Q

what cells comprise the formed elements of blood?

a. erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets
b. erythrocytes, platelets, plasma
c. erythrocytes, leukocytes, neutrophils

A

a.erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets

rbc wbc platelets

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2
Q

what are the formed elements of the blood suspended in?

a. extra cellular fluid
b. lymph
c. plasma

A

c.plasma

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3
Q

what is blood

a. connective tissue
b. organ
c. organ system
d. tissue

A

a.connective tissue

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4
Q

which of these is not a function of the blood?

a. delivery of nutrients and oxygen to cells
b. transport of waste and co2 away from cells
c. delivery of hormones to and from tissues
d. where cell proliferation occurs
e. maintainence of homeostasis
d. transport of humoral cells and agents

A

d.where cell production occurs

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5
Q

other than acting as a buffer and regulating body temp how does the blood maintain homeostasis?

a. coagulation
b. bleeding
c. forming clots
d. regulating hormone levels

A

a.coagulation

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6
Q

what components make up the buffy coat?

a. platelets, neutrophils,leukocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils
b. platelets, neutrophils,lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils
c. neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils
d. a.platelets, neutrophils,leukocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils,erythrocytes

A

b.platelets, neutrophils,lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils

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7
Q

which leukocyte is most abundant in buffy coat?

a. basophils
b. lymphocytes
c. eiosinophils
d. neutrophils

A

d.neutrophils

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8
Q

which component of the blood is most abundant from plasma, buffy coat and erythrocytes?

a. plasma
b. buffy coat
c. erythrocytes

A

a.plasma

then erythrocytes then buffy coat

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9
Q

what are the 3 components of the plasma ?

a. water, erythrocytes, other solutes
b. platelets, leukocytes
c. water, proteins, other solutes
d. erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets

A

c. water, proteins, other solutes

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10
Q

what is the most abundant element of plasma ?

a. proteins
b. other solutes
c. platelets
d. water

A

d.water (92%)

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11
Q

what shape are red blood cells?

a. round
b. biconcave disc
c. uniconcave disc

A

b.biconcave disc

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12
Q

what blood cell contains haemoglobin and lacks major organelles and a nuclues?

a. erythrocyte
b. eosinophil
c. basophil
d. platelets

A

a.erythrocyte

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13
Q

what is the life span of a red blood cell?

a. several years
b. 1-2 days
c. 10 days
d. 120 days

A

d,120 days

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14
Q

where are red blood cells broken down?

a. kidney and spleen
b. kidney and heart
c. spleen and liver
d. liver and kidney

A

c.spleen and liver

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15
Q

what is the cause of sickle cell anaemia?

a. infection
b. mutation in gene encoding Hb
c. lack of iron
d. lack of vitamin B12

A

b.mutation in the gene encoding Hb

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16
Q

How does a mutation in the Hb gene lead to sickle cell shaped RBC?

a. altered Hb forms loose aggregates
b. Hb does not form
c. altered Hb forms rigid aggregates

A

c.altered Hb forms rigid aggregates

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17
Q

sickle red blood cells break down..

a. more easily than normal RBC
b. Less easy than normal RBC
c. the same as normal RBC

A

a.more easily than normal RBC

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18
Q

What are the morphological features of leukocytes?

a. anucleate and lacking organelles
c. nuclues and major organelles
d. anucleate and major organelles

A

c.nuclues and major organelles

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19
Q

where are leukocytes formed?

a. bone marrow
b. bone marrow and lymphoid organs
c. lymphoid organs

A

b.bone marrow and lymphoid organs

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20
Q

how much of the total blood is made up of WBCs?

a. 50%
b. 90%
c. 2%
d. 1%

A

d.1%

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21
Q

what are the two different classifications of leukocyte?

a. granulocytes and agranulocytes
b. nucleates and anucleates
c. uninucleates and multinucleates

A

a.granulocytes and agranulocytes

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22
Q

what type of leukocyte has cytoplasm packed with granules and a nucleus with 2+ lobes?

a. granulocytes
b. agranulocytes

A

a.granulocytes

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23
Q

neutrophils, basophils and eoisinophils are classified as which type of cell

a. erythrocyte
b. agranulocyte
c. granulocyte

A

c.granulocyte

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24
Q

which of these groups of cells make up the granulocytes?

a. neutrophils, basophils, lymphocytes
b. neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils
c. lymphocyes and monocytes

A

b.neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils

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25
Q

what type of cells have a cytoplasm with few or no granules and a single unlobed nucleus?

a. granulocytes
b. agranulocytes

A

b. agranulocytes

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26
Q

how many lobes do neutrophils have?

a.1
b2-3
c.2-5
d.4

A

c.2-5

27
Q

what is the function of neutrophils?

a. respond to tissue destruction by bacteria or fungus
b. local inflammatory responses due to allergy/parasites
c. systemic inflammation and allergies
d. adaptive immune responses

A

a.respond to tissue destruction by bacteria or fungus

28
Q

patient with menigitis, which leukocyte would have raised levels?

a. basophil
b. neutrophil
c. monocyte
d. lymphocyte

A

a. meningitis

29
Q

patient with bacterial infection, which leukocyte would have raised levels?

a. basophil
b. neutrophil
c. monocyte
d. lymphocyte

A

b.neutrophil

30
Q

what is the lifespan of a neutrophil ?

a. 10 days
b. 1-2 days
c. 120 days
d. 2 years

A

b.1-2 days

31
Q

patient with bacterial infection has blood tests. shows raised level of leukocyte with a bilobed nucleus and large refractile granules (lysosomes). Which cell is this likley to be?

a. neutrophil
b. basophil
c. monocyte
d. eosinophil

A

d.eosinophil

32
Q

what is the role of eosinophils ?

a. respond to tissue destruction by bacteria or fungus
b. local inflammatory responses due to allergy/parasites
c. systemic inflammation and allergies
d. adaptive immune responses

A

b.local inflammatory responses due to allergy/parasites

33
Q

patient with systemic inflammation due to a dust allergy undergoes blood test. results show an increased number of a leukocyte. This cell type has an irregularly lobed nucleus and large overlying granules containing heparin and histamine. what cell is it most likely to be ?

a. neutrophil
b. basophil
c. monocyte
d. eosinophil

A

b.basophil

34
Q

heparin is present in the granules of basophils.what is the role of heparin?

a. coagulant
b. vasodilator
c. vasoconstrictor
d. anti coagulant

A

d.anti coagulant

35
Q

histamine is present in the granules of basophils. what is the role of histamine?

a. vasodilator
b. coagulant
c. vasoconstrictor
d. anti coagulant

A

a.vasodilator

36
Q

patient with raised basophils is most likely to have?

a. respond to tissue destruction by bacteria or fungus
b. local inflammatory responses due to allergy/parasites
c. systemic inflammation and allergies
d. adaptive immune responses

A

c.systemic inflammation and allergy

37
Q

patient undergoes blood test. results show an increased number of a leukocyte. This cell type has an kidney U shaped nucleus and is a large cell . what cell is it most likely to be ?

a. neutrophil
b. basophil
c. monocyte
d. eosinophil

A

c.monocyte

38
Q

patient undergoes blood test. results show an increased number of a leukocyte. This cell type has a spherical densely stained nucleus and is usually present in tissues . what cell is it most likely to be ?

a. neutrophil
b. basophil
c. monocyte
d. eosinophil
e. lymphocytes

A

e.lymphocyte

39
Q

what is the role of lymphocytes?

a. respond to tissue destruction by bacteria or fungus
b. local inflammatory responses due to allergy/parasites
c. systemic inflammation and allergies
d. adaptive immune responses

A

d.adaptive immune responses

B lymphoytes ->plasma cell
T lymphocyte -> cell mediated response

40
Q

what is the correct order of leukocytes from most abundant to least?

a. neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, eosinophil, basophil
b. monocyte, eosinophil, basophil,neutrophil, lymphocyte,
c. lymphocyte, monocyte, eosinophil, basophil, neutrophil

A

a.neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, eosinophil, basophil

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41
Q

what is the life span of platelets ?

a. 10 days
b. 1-2 days
c. 120 days
d. 2 years

A

a.10 days

42
Q

patient has low number of one component of the blood. This component is made up of cell fragments 2-4 um diameter, packets of cytoplasm budded from megakaryocytes and granules containing growth factors. They do not have a nucleus. What component is it most likely to be?

a. erythrocytes
b. leukocytes
c. platelets
d. plasma

A

c.platelets

43
Q

what do platelets possess?

a. no nucleus, cytoplasm packets from megakaryocytes, granules of growth factors
b. nucleus, granules containing histamine and heparin, cytoplasm packets from megakaryocytes
c. b. nucleus, large refractile granules (lysosomes) , cytoplasm packets from megakaryocytes
a. nucleus, cytoplasm packets from megakaryocytes, granules of growth factors

A

a. no nucleus, cytoplasm packets from megakaryocytes, granules containing growth factors

44
Q

what is the correct order of steps of haemostasis ?

a. vasoconstriction, coagulation/fibrin clot formation, platelet plug

b . vasoconstriction, platelet plug, coagulation/fibrin clot formation

b . vasodilation, platelet plug, coagulation/fibrin clot formation

a. vasodilation, coagulation/fibrin clot formation, platelet plug

A

b.vasoconstriction, platelet plug, coagulation/fibrin clot formation

45
Q

what happens during step 1 of haemostasis?

a. vasoconstriction of blood vessel wall and secretion of van willebrand factor
b. temporary blockage of break by platelets plug- platelets attach to exposed collagen of vessel wall and release contents of their granules, leading to aggregation of other platelets
c. blood coagulation or formation of a fibrin clot - fibrin mesh binds together with RBC and platelets

A

a.vasoconstriction of blood vessel walls and secretion of van willebrand factor

46
Q

How is a platelet plug formed?

a. secretion of van willebrand factor
b. fibrin mesh binds with RBCs and platelets
c. platelets attach to exposed collagen of vessel wall and release contents of their granules, leading to aggregation of other platelets

A

c.platelets attach to exposed collagen of vessel wall and release contents of their granules, leading to aggregation of other platelets

47
Q

how is a fibrin clot formed?

a. fibrin mesh binds together with RBCs and platelets
b. secretion of van willebrand factor
c. platelets attach to exposed collagen of vessel wall and release contents of their granules, leading to aggregation of other platelets

A

a. fibrin mesh binds together with RBCs and platelets

48
Q

what type of blood test measures relative percentage of each type of white blood cell?

a. full blood count
b. differential white cell count
c. full white blood count

A

b.differential white cell count

49
Q

what do all blood cells arise from?

a. osteoprogenitor cells
b. pluripotent, heamopoietic stem cell
c. erythrocytes
d. unipotent, heamopoietic stem cell

A

b.pluripotent, haemopoetic stem cell

50
Q

how does the pulripotent haemopoetic stem cell produce all other types of blood cells?

a. meiosis
b. cell division
c. mitosis

A

c. mitosis

51
Q

what do pluripotent stem cells give rise to?

a. unipotent haemopoetic progenitors
b. multipotent haemopoetic progenitors

A

b. multipotent haemopoetic progenitors

52
Q

what cells arise from the lymphoid progenitor?

a. b and t lymphocytes and t killer
b. b lymphocytes only
c. megakaryocyte, platelets, erythrocyte,mast cell, myeloblast

A

a.b and t lymphocytes and t killer

53
Q

which cells arise from the common myeloid progenitor?

a. basophil, neutrophil, eosinophil, monocyte, macrophage
b. t lymphocyte, b lymphoid, t killer
c. megakaryocyte, platelets, erythrocyte,mast cell, myeloblast

A

c. megakaryocyte, platelets, erythrocyte,mast cell, myeloblast

54
Q

what cells arise from a myeloblast?

a. basophil, neutrophil, eosinophil, monocyte, macrophage
b. t lymphocyte, b lymphoid, t killer
c. megakaryocyte, platelets, erythrocyte,mast cell,

A

a.basophil, neutrophil, eosinophil, monocyte, macrophage

55
Q

RBC formation is also known as

a. haemostasis
b. coagulation
c. erythropoesis

A

c.erythropoesis

56
Q

which of these does not occur during erythropoesis?

a. decrease in cell size
b. decrease in nucleus size
c. Hb production
d. extrusion of the nucleus
e. organelle devlopment

A

e.organelle develoment

57
Q

At which stage of erythropoesis is Hb produced?

a. proerythroblast
b. erythroblast
c. normoblast
d. reticulocyte

A

b.erythroblast

58
Q

which is the correct order for the stages of erythropoesis?

a. proerythroblast, erythroblast, normoblast, reticulocyte, erythrocyte
b. normoblast, reticulocyte, erythrocyte
c. reticulocyte,myeloid stem cell, proerythroblast, erythroblast, normoblast, normoblast, erythrocyte
d. myeloid stem cell, proerythroblast, erythroblast, normoblast, normoblast, reticulocyte, erythrocyte

A

d.myeloid stem cell, proerythroblast, erythroblast, normoblast, reticulocyte, erythrocyte

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59
Q

what happens in phase 1 of the devlopment pathway? (erythroblast stage)

a. Hb accumulation
b. ribosome synthesis
c. ejection of the nucleus

A

B.ribosome synthesis

60
Q

what happens in phase 2 of the devlopment pathway? (normoblast stage)

a. Hb accumulation
b. ribosome synthesis
c. ejection of the nucleus

A

a.Hb accumulation

61
Q

what happens in phase 3 of the developmental pathway (normoblast -> reticulocyte)?

a. Hb accumulation
b. ribosome synthesis
c. ejection of the nucleus

A

c.ejection of nucleus

62
Q

what is erythropoesis controlled by?

a. erythropoetin
b. oxygen
c. alkaline phospotase

A

a.erythropoetin

63
Q

which of these stimuli would not cause increased erythropoetin release from the kidney?

a. hypoxia due to decreased RBC
b. decreased availability of O2
c. decreased tissue demand for 02
d. Increased tissue demand for O2

A

c.decreased tissue demand for 02

64
Q

where doe erythropoetin act?

a. white bone marrow
b. red bone marrow
c. kidney
d. spleen

A

b.red bone marrow

BCR 1 (60 decks)

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