Anatomy - Blood cell morphology

Question 1

what cells comprise the formed elements of blood?

a. erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets
b. erythrocytes, platelets, plasma
c. erythrocytes, leukocytes, neutrophils

Answer 1

a.erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets

rbc wbc platelets

Question 2

what are the formed elements of the blood suspended in?

a. extra cellular fluid
b. lymph
c. plasma

Answer 2

c.plasma

Question 3

what is blood

a. connective tissue
b. organ
c. organ system
d. tissue

Answer 3

a.connective tissue

Question 4

which of these is not a function of the blood?

a. delivery of nutrients and oxygen to cells
b. transport of waste and co2 away from cells
c. delivery of hormones to and from tissues
d. where cell proliferation occurs
e. maintainence of homeostasis
d. transport of humoral cells and agents

Answer 4

d.where cell production occurs

Question 5

other than acting as a buffer and regulating body temp how does the blood maintain homeostasis?

a. coagulation
b. bleeding
c. forming clots
d. regulating hormone levels

Answer 5

a.coagulation

Question 6

what components make up the buffy coat?

a. platelets, neutrophils,leukocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils
b. platelets, neutrophils,lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils
c. neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils
d. a.platelets, neutrophils,leukocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils,erythrocytes

Answer 6

b.platelets, neutrophils,lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils

Question 7

which leukocyte is most abundant in buffy coat?

a. basophils
b. lymphocytes
c. eiosinophils
d. neutrophils

Answer 7

d.neutrophils

Question 8

which component of the blood is most abundant from plasma, buffy coat and erythrocytes?

a. plasma
b. buffy coat
c. erythrocytes

Answer 8

a.plasma

then erythrocytes then buffy coat

Question 9

what are the 3 components of the plasma ?

a. water, erythrocytes, other solutes
b. platelets, leukocytes
c. water, proteins, other solutes
d. erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets

Answer 9

c. water, proteins, other solutes

Question 10

what is the most abundant element of plasma ?

a. proteins
b. other solutes
c. platelets
d. water

Answer 10

d.water (92%)

Question 11

what shape are red blood cells?

a. round
b. biconcave disc
c. uniconcave disc

Answer 11

b.biconcave disc

Question 12

what blood cell contains haemoglobin and lacks major organelles and a nuclues?

a. erythrocyte
b. eosinophil
c. basophil
d. platelets

Answer 12

a.erythrocyte

Question 13

what is the life span of a red blood cell?

a. several years
b. 1-2 days
c. 10 days
d. 120 days

Answer 13

d,120 days

Question 14

where are red blood cells broken down?

a. kidney and spleen
b. kidney and heart
c. spleen and liver
d. liver and kidney

Answer 14

c.spleen and liver

Question 15

what is the cause of sickle cell anaemia?

a. infection
b. mutation in gene encoding Hb
c. lack of iron
d. lack of vitamin B12

Answer 15

b.mutation in the gene encoding Hb

Question 16

How does a mutation in the Hb gene lead to sickle cell shaped RBC?

a. altered Hb forms loose aggregates
b. Hb does not form
c. altered Hb forms rigid aggregates

Answer 16

c.altered Hb forms rigid aggregates

Question 17

sickle red blood cells break down..

a. more easily than normal RBC
b. Less easy than normal RBC
c. the same as normal RBC

Answer 17

a.more easily than normal RBC

Question 18

What are the morphological features of leukocytes?

a. anucleate and lacking organelles
c. nuclues and major organelles
d. anucleate and major organelles

Answer 18

c.nuclues and major organelles

Question 19

where are leukocytes formed?

a. bone marrow
b. bone marrow and lymphoid organs
c. lymphoid organs

Answer 19

b.bone marrow and lymphoid organs

Question 20

how much of the total blood is made up of WBCs?

a. 50%
b. 90%
c. 2%
d. 1%

Answer 20

d.1%

Question 21

what are the two different classifications of leukocyte?

a. granulocytes and agranulocytes
b. nucleates and anucleates
c. uninucleates and multinucleates

Answer 21

a.granulocytes and agranulocytes

Question 22

what type of leukocyte has cytoplasm packed with granules and a nucleus with 2+ lobes?

a. granulocytes
b. agranulocytes

Answer 22

a.granulocytes

Question 23

neutrophils, basophils and eoisinophils are classified as which type of cell

a. erythrocyte
b. agranulocyte
c. granulocyte

Answer 23

c.granulocyte

Question 24

which of these groups of cells make up the granulocytes?

a. neutrophils, basophils, lymphocytes
b. neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils
c. lymphocyes and monocytes

Answer 24

b.neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils

Question 25

what type of cells have a cytoplasm with few or no granules and a single unlobed nucleus? a. granulocytes b. agranulocytes

Answer 25

b. agranulocytes

Question 26

how many lobes do neutrophils have? a.1 b2-3 c.2-5 d.4

Answer 26

c.2-5

Question 27

what is the function of neutrophils? a. respond to tissue destruction by bacteria or fungus b. local inflammatory responses due to allergy/parasites c. systemic inflammation and allergies d. adaptive immune responses

Answer 27

a.respond to tissue destruction by bacteria or fungus

Question 28

patient with menigitis, which leukocyte would have raised levels? a. basophil b. neutrophil c. monocyte d. lymphocyte

Answer 28

a. meningitis

Question 29

patient with bacterial infection, which leukocyte would have raised levels? a. basophil b. neutrophil c. monocyte d. lymphocyte

Answer 29

b.neutrophil

Question 30

what is the lifespan of a neutrophil ? a. 10 days b. 1-2 days c. 120 days d. 2 years

Answer 30

b.1-2 days

Question 31

patient with bacterial infection has blood tests. shows raised level of leukocyte with a bilobed nucleus and large refractile granules (lysosomes). Which cell is this likley to be? a. neutrophil b. basophil c. monocyte d. eosinophil

Answer 31

d.eosinophil

Question 32

what is the role of eosinophils ? a. respond to tissue destruction by bacteria or fungus b. local inflammatory responses due to allergy/parasites c. systemic inflammation and allergies d. adaptive immune responses

Answer 32

b.local inflammatory responses due to allergy/parasites

Question 33

patient with systemic inflammation due to a dust allergy undergoes blood test. results show an increased number of a leukocyte. This cell type has an irregularly lobed nucleus and large overlying granules containing heparin and histamine. what cell is it most likely to be ? a. neutrophil b. basophil c. monocyte d. eosinophil

Answer 33

b.basophil

Question 34

heparin is present in the granules of basophils.what is the role of heparin? a. coagulant b. vasodilator c. vasoconstrictor d. anti coagulant

Answer 34

d.anti coagulant

Question 35

histamine is present in the granules of basophils. what is the role of histamine? a. vasodilator b. coagulant c. vasoconstrictor d. anti coagulant

Answer 35

a.vasodilator

Question 36

patient with raised basophils is most likely to have? a. respond to tissue destruction by bacteria or fungus b. local inflammatory responses due to allergy/parasites c. systemic inflammation and allergies d. adaptive immune responses

Answer 36

c.systemic inflammation and allergy

Question 37

patient undergoes blood test. results show an increased number of a leukocyte. This cell type has an kidney U shaped nucleus and is a large cell . what cell is it most likely to be ? a. neutrophil b. basophil c. monocyte d. eosinophil

Answer 37

c.monocyte

Question 38

patient undergoes blood test. results show an increased number of a leukocyte. This cell type has a spherical densely stained nucleus and is usually present in tissues . what cell is it most likely to be ? a. neutrophil b. basophil c. monocyte d. eosinophil e. lymphocytes

Answer 38

e.lymphocyte

Question 39

what is the role of lymphocytes? a. respond to tissue destruction by bacteria or fungus b. local inflammatory responses due to allergy/parasites c. systemic inflammation and allergies d. adaptive immune responses

Answer 39

d.adaptive immune responses B lymphoytes ->plasma cell T lymphocyte -> cell mediated response

Question 40

what is the correct order of leukocytes from most abundant to least? a. neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, eosinophil, basophil b. monocyte, eosinophil, basophil,neutrophil, lymphocyte, c. lymphocyte, monocyte, eosinophil, basophil, neutrophil

Answer 40

a.neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, eosinophil, basophil ``` No Little Monkeys Eat Bannanas ```

Question 41

what is the life span of platelets ? a. 10 days b. 1-2 days c. 120 days d. 2 years

Answer 41

a.10 days

Question 42

patient has low number of one component of the blood. This component is made up of cell fragments 2-4 um diameter, packets of cytoplasm budded from megakaryocytes and granules containing growth factors. They do not have a nucleus. What component is it most likely to be? a. erythrocytes b. leukocytes c. platelets d. plasma

Answer 42

c.platelets

Question 43

what do platelets possess? a. no nucleus, cytoplasm packets from megakaryocytes, granules of growth factors b. nucleus, granules containing histamine and heparin, cytoplasm packets from megakaryocytes c. b. nucleus, large refractile granules (lysosomes) , cytoplasm packets from megakaryocytes a. nucleus, cytoplasm packets from megakaryocytes, granules of growth factors

Answer 43

a. no nucleus, cytoplasm packets from megakaryocytes, granules containing growth factors

Question 44

what is the correct order of steps of haemostasis ? a. vasoconstriction, coagulation/fibrin clot formation, platelet plug b . vasoconstriction, platelet plug, coagulation/fibrin clot formation b . vasodilation, platelet plug, coagulation/fibrin clot formation a. vasodilation, coagulation/fibrin clot formation, platelet plug

Answer 44

b.vasoconstriction, platelet plug, coagulation/fibrin clot formation

Question 45

what happens during step 1 of haemostasis? a. vasoconstriction of blood vessel wall and secretion of van willebrand factor b. temporary blockage of break by platelets plug- platelets attach to exposed collagen of vessel wall and release contents of their granules, leading to aggregation of other platelets c. blood coagulation or formation of a fibrin clot - fibrin mesh binds together with RBC and platelets

Answer 45

a.vasoconstriction of blood vessel walls and secretion of van willebrand factor

Question 46

How is a platelet plug formed? a. secretion of van willebrand factor b. fibrin mesh binds with RBCs and platelets c. platelets attach to exposed collagen of vessel wall and release contents of their granules, leading to aggregation of other platelets

Answer 46

c.platelets attach to exposed collagen of vessel wall and release contents of their granules, leading to aggregation of other platelets

Question 47

how is a fibrin clot formed? a. fibrin mesh binds together with RBCs and platelets b. secretion of van willebrand factor c. platelets attach to exposed collagen of vessel wall and release contents of their granules, leading to aggregation of other platelets

Answer 47

a. fibrin mesh binds together with RBCs and platelets

Question 48

what type of blood test measures relative percentage of each type of white blood cell? a. full blood count b. differential white cell count c. full white blood count

Answer 48

b.differential white cell count

Question 49

what do all blood cells arise from? a. osteoprogenitor cells b. pluripotent, heamopoietic stem cell c. erythrocytes d. unipotent, heamopoietic stem cell

Answer 49

b.pluripotent, haemopoetic stem cell

Question 50

how does the pulripotent haemopoetic stem cell produce all other types of blood cells? a. meiosis b. cell division c. mitosis

Answer 50

c. mitosis

Question 51

what do pluripotent stem cells give rise to? a. unipotent haemopoetic progenitors b. multipotent haemopoetic progenitors

Answer 51

b. multipotent haemopoetic progenitors

Question 52

what cells arise from the lymphoid progenitor? a. b and t lymphocytes and t killer b. b lymphocytes only c. megakaryocyte, platelets, erythrocyte,mast cell, myeloblast

Answer 52

a.b and t lymphocytes and t killer

Question 53

which cells arise from the common myeloid progenitor? a. basophil, neutrophil, eosinophil, monocyte, macrophage b. t lymphocyte, b lymphoid, t killer c. megakaryocyte, platelets, erythrocyte,mast cell, myeloblast

Answer 53

c. megakaryocyte, platelets, erythrocyte,mast cell, myeloblast

Question 54

what cells arise from a myeloblast? a. basophil, neutrophil, eosinophil, monocyte, macrophage b. t lymphocyte, b lymphoid, t killer c. megakaryocyte, platelets, erythrocyte,mast cell,

Answer 54

a.basophil, neutrophil, eosinophil, monocyte, macrophage

Question 55

RBC formation is also known as a. haemostasis b. coagulation c. erythropoesis

Answer 55

c.erythropoesis

Question 56

which of these does not occur during erythropoesis? a. decrease in cell size b. decrease in nucleus size c. Hb production d. extrusion of the nucleus e. organelle devlopment

Answer 56

e.organelle develoment

Question 57

At which stage of erythropoesis is Hb produced? a. proerythroblast b. erythroblast c. normoblast d. reticulocyte

Answer 57

b.erythroblast

Question 58

which is the correct order for the stages of erythropoesis? a. proerythroblast, erythroblast, normoblast, reticulocyte, erythrocyte b. normoblast, reticulocyte, erythrocyte c. reticulocyte,myeloid stem cell, proerythroblast, erythroblast, normoblast, normoblast, erythrocyte d. myeloid stem cell, proerythroblast, erythroblast, normoblast, normoblast, reticulocyte, erythrocyte

Answer 58

d.myeloid stem cell, proerythroblast, erythroblast, normoblast, reticulocyte, erythrocyte ``` monkey pack escaped normal restrictions eek! ```

Question 59

what happens in phase 1 of the devlopment pathway? (erythroblast stage) a. Hb accumulation b. ribosome synthesis c. ejection of the nucleus

Answer 59

B.ribosome synthesis

Question 60

what happens in phase 2 of the devlopment pathway? (normoblast stage) a. Hb accumulation b. ribosome synthesis c. ejection of the nucleus

Answer 60

a.Hb accumulation

Question 61

what happens in phase 3 of the developmental pathway (normoblast -> reticulocyte)? a. Hb accumulation b. ribosome synthesis c. ejection of the nucleus

Answer 61

c.ejection of nucleus

Question 62

what is erythropoesis controlled by? a. erythropoetin b. oxygen c. alkaline phospotase

Answer 62

a.erythropoetin

Question 63

which of these stimuli would not cause increased erythropoetin release from the kidney? a. hypoxia due to decreased RBC b. decreased availability of O2 c. decreased tissue demand for 02 d. Increased tissue demand for O2

Answer 63

c.decreased tissue demand for 02

Question 64

where doe erythropoetin act? a. white bone marrow b. red bone marrow c. kidney d. spleen

Answer 64

b.red bone marrow