Physiology - Arterial pressure Flashcards
what is blood pressure?
a. force of blood through the heart
b. pressure exerted on the arteries
c. pressure exerted on the veins
d. pressure exerted on the heart
b.pressure exerted on the arteries
what does the windkessel function of the aorta refer to?
a. ability to meet demand with supply
b. ability to generate enough force to pump blood to all tissues
c. the smooth flow of blood out of the heart
c.the smooth flow of blood out of the heart
what does diastolic BP + (pulse pressure/3) give ?
a. cardiac output
b. stroke volume
c. mean arterial pressure
c.mean arterial pressure
how much hydrostatic pressure is added to map according to height?
a. 0.5 mmhg /cm
b. 0.77 mmhg/ m
c. 0.77 mmhg/cm
d. 0.67 mmhg/ cm
c.0.77 mmhg/cm
what is the correct equation for arterial blood pressure ?
a. CO x TPR
B. CO x stroke volume
C. TPR / CO
a. CO x TPR
what type of blood vessel most contributes to the total peripheral resistance?
a. artery
b. arteriole
c. vein
d. capillary
b.arteriole
where are baroreceptors found?
a. aortic arch and walls of the carotid sinus
b. aortic arch and coronary arteries
c. coronary arteries and carotid sinus
d. SAN and AVN
a.aortic arch and walls of the carotid sinus
what nerves do baroreceptors in the carotid sinus and aortic arch send signals via?
a. vagal and glosopharangeal efferents
b. vagal and sympathetic afferents
c. vagal and paraysmpathetic efferents
d. vagal and glosopharangeal afferents
d.vagal and glosopharangeal afferents
where does the vagal and glosopharangeal afferents signal to?
A.NTS of the medulla
b. medullary cardiac and vasomotor areas
c. medullary cortex
b. medullary cardiac and vasomotor areas
where do the vagal and glossopharnageal afferents synapse?
A.NTS of the medulla
b. medullary cardiac and vasomotor areas
c. medullary cortex
A.NTS of the medulla
what are the efferent neurons inhibitory to?
a. paraysmpathetic output
b. sympathetic output
b. sympathetic output
which nerve outflow are the baroreceptors efferent neurons excitatory to?
a. SAN
b. vagal
c. glosopharyngeal
d. AVN
b.vagal
what is the net effect of baroreceptor stimulation?
a. reduce cardiac output
b. increase cardiac output
c. increase stroke volume
a.reduce cardiac output
what is the role of sympathetic noradrenergic efferents from the vasomotor centre in arterioles and veins?
a. dilation
b. constriction
c. remodelling
b.constriction
what is the effect of baroreceptor stimulation on total peripheral resistance
a. increase
b. decrease
c. no change
b.decrease
how does baroreceptor stimulation lead to reduced total peripheral resistance?
a,stimulates output from the vasomotor centre
b. inhibits output from the medullary cardiac centre
c. inhibits output from the vasomotor centre
c.inhibits output from the vasomotor centre
what is the correct order of events in response to a fall in BP?
a. decreased baroreceptor stimulation, increased sympathetic output to heart , decreased vagal tone, increased vasomotor tone, increased cardiac output and increased total peripheral resistance
a. decreased baroreceptor stimulation, increased cardiac output and increased total peripheral resistance, increased sympathetic output to heart , decreased vagal tone, increased vasomotor tone,
a.decreased baroreceptor stimulation, increased sympathetic output to heart , decreased vagal tone, increased vasomotor tone, increased cardiac output and increased total peripheral resistance
what is the correct sequence of events in response to a rise in BP?
a. decreased baroreceptor stimulation, increased sympathetic output to heart , decreased vagal tone, increased vasomotor tone, increased cardiac output and increased total peripheral resistance
b. increased baroreceptor stimulation, decreased sympathetic output to heart, increased vagal tone, decreased vasomotor tone, decreased cardiac output, decreased total peripheral resistance
b.increased baroreceptor stimulation, decreased sympathetic output to heart, increased vagal tone, decreased vasomotor tone, decreased cardiac output, decreased total peripheral resistance
what is infused during baroreceptor testing?
a. alpha adrenergic antagonist phenylephrine
b. beta adrenergic agonist phenylephrine
c. alpha adrengergic agonist phenyephrine
c.alpha adrengergic agonist phenyephrine
in a baroreceptor test what should there be a linear relationship between?
a. cardiac output and blood pressure
b. blood pressure and heart rate (RR interval)
c. blood pressure and stroke volume
b.blood pressure and heart rate (RR interval)
what is forced expiration against a closed glottis known as?
valsalva manouvre
what should happen to BP in a normal vasalva manoeuvre ?
a. initial rise due to physical pressure in chest, fall because of venous compression and decreased CO (starling), rise due to baroreceptor compensation
b. initial fall due to phsycial pressure in chest, rise due to venous compression and increased CO, fall due to baroreceptor stimulation
c. pressure rises due to restoration of CO agasint background of high TPR , stimulates BP and BP falls back to normal
a.initial rise due to physical pressure in chest, fall because of venous compression and decreased CO (starling), rise due to baroreceptor compensation
what happens when a patient stops straining after a valsalva manouvre?
a. initial rise due to physical pressure in chest, fall because of venous compression and decreased CO (starling), rise due to baroreceptor compensation
b. initial fall due to phsycial pressure in chest, rise due to venous compression and increased CO, fall due to baroreceptor stimulation
c. pressure rises due to restoration of CO agasint background of high TPR , stimulates BP and BP falls back to normal
c.pressure rises due to restoration of CO agasint background of high TPR , stimulates BP and BP falls back to normal
where are the receptors monitoring blood volume as opposed to pressure located?
a. aortic arch and carotid sinus
b. walls of atria, entrance of svc and ivc , pulmonary veins
c. san and avn
b.walls of atria, entrance of svc and ivc , pulmonary veins
if the blood volume receptors are stimulated by a rise in venous return what do they cause?
a. venodilation and a rise in BP
b. venoconstriction and a rise in BP
c. venoconstriction and a fall in BP
d. venodilation and a fall in BP
d.venodilation and a fall in BP
bainbridge, bezold jarisch reflex
which hormones are indicated in long term BP maintenaince ?
a. adrenaline and noradrenaline
b. adrenaline and epinephrine
c. noradrenaline and epinephrine
a.adrenaline and noradrenaline
what is the role of adrenaline and noradrenaline in the heart and blood vessels?
a. vasodilators
b. vasoconstrictors
b. vasoconstrictors
although adr is a vasodilator in skeletal muscle
what is the role of kinins in the heart and blood vessels?
a. vasoconstriction
b. vasodilation
b.vasodilation
when blood volume increases which hormone causes natriuresis and inhibits vasoconstriction?
a. adrenaline
b. noradrenaline
c. epinephrine
d. kinins
e. atrial natriuretic peptide
e.atrial natriuretic peptide
