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BCR 1 > Pharmacology - lipid lowering drugs > Flashcards

Pharmacology - lipid lowering drugs Flashcards

1
Q

the main aim of lipid lowering drugs is to reduce..

a. VLDL
b. cholesterol
c. triglycerides
d. HDL
e. LDL

A

e.LDL

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2
Q

what is the most significant lifestyle intervention for hypertension?

a. achieve healthy body weight
b. stop smoking
c. healthy diet
d. restrict salt

A

b. stop smoking

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3
Q

what is the most significant lifestyle intervention for lipid lowering?

a. achieve healthy body weight
b. stop smoking
c. healthy diet
d. restrict salt

A

c.healthy diet

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4
Q

what diet is used to lower lipids?

a. portfolio diet
b. DASH diet
c. mediterranean diet

A

a.portfolio diet

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5
Q

wholegrain foods, minimising dietary fat, reducing sugar intake, 5 a day, seeds/legumes and 2 portions of fish are key for what?

a. reducing hypertension
b. reducing cardiac risk
c. reducing lipids

A

c.reducing lipids

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6
Q

what are HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors commonly known as?

a. ACE inhibitors
b. ARBs
c. ARNIS
d. CCB
e. statins

A

e.statins

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7
Q

how does inhibiting HMG-coA reductase lead to a reduced circulating LDL?

A

inhibit HMG-CoA reductase

reduced cholesterol synthesis

up regulation of LDL receptors

movement of LDL into cells

reduced circulating LDL

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8
Q

inhibiting HMG-coA reductase has what effect on the amount of LDL receptors?

a. increase
b. decrease

A

a.increase

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9
Q

which is the most potent statin?

a. rosuvastatin
b. atorvastatin
c. simvastain
d. pravastatin

A

a.rosuvastatin

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10
Q

which is the second most potent statin?

a. rosuvastatin
b. atorvastatin
c. simvastain
d. pravastatin

A

b.atorvastatin

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11
Q

which is the third most potent statin?

a. rosuvastatin
b. atorvastatin
c. simvastain
d. pravastatin

A

c.simvastain

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12
Q

which is the least potent statin?

a. rosuvastatin
b. atorvastatin
c. simvastain
d. pravastatin

A

d.pravastatin

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13
Q

when are statins given?

a. morning
b. night

A

b.night

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14
Q

which two statins are hydrophillic?

a. Rosuvastatin and pravastatin
b. simvastain and pravastatin
c. atorvastatin and simvastatin

A

a.Rosuvastatin and pravastatin

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15
Q

muscle pain, GI disturbance and liver enzyme abnormalities are adverse effect of which lipid lowering drugs?

a. statins
b. PCSK9 inhibitors
c. fibrates

A

a.statins

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16
Q

how does ezetimibe work?

a.inhibit HMG-CoA reductase
reduced cholesterol synthesis
up regulation of LDL receptors
movement of LDL into cells
reduced circulating LDL

b. inhibit absorption of cholesterol into the small intestine
cannot combine with glycerol to be made into a chylocmicron by NPC1l1

A

b. inhibit absorption of cholesterol into the small intestine
cannot combine with glycerol to be made into a chylocmicron by NPC1l1

17
Q

GI disturbance and headache are ide effects of which lipid lowering drug?

a. statins
b. ezetimibe
c. fibrates

A

b.ezetimibe

18
Q

how to PCSK9 inhibitors work?

a.inhibit HMG-CoA reductase
reduced cholesterol synthesis
up regulation of LDL receptors
movement of LDL into cells
reduced circulating LDL

b. inhibit absorption of cholesterol into the small intestine
cannot combine with glycerol to be made into a chylocmicron by NPC1l1

c.monoclonal antibodies against proprotein convertase substilin - like/kexin-9
cant destroy LDL receptor
more LDL taken into cell
less LDL in blood

A

c.monoclonal antibodies against proprotein convertase substilin - like/kexin-9
cant destroy LDL receptor
more LDL taken into cell
less LDL in blood

19
Q

how are PCSK9 inhibitors given?

a. monthly SC
b. monthly IM
c. monthly oral

A

a.monthly SC

20
Q

-umab

A

pcsk-9 inhibitor

21
Q

nasopharygitis, back pain and flu like symptoms are associated with which lipid lowering drug?

a. fibrate
b. statins
c. pcsk9 inhibitor
d. ezetimibe

A

c.pcsk9 inhibitor

22
Q

how do fibrates work?

a.inhibit HMG-CoA reductase
reduced cholesterol synthesis
up regulation of LDL receptors
movement of LDL into cells
reduced circulating LDL

b. inhibit absorption of cholesterol into the small intestine
cannot combine with glycerol to be made into a chylocmicron by NPC1l1

c.monoclonal antibodies against proprotein convertase substilin - like/kexin-9
cant destroy LDL receptor
more LDL taken into cell
less LDL in blood

d. activate PPARa nucelar transcription factor in liver and muscle, increased transcription of genes for lipoprotein lipase and apo-A1 /apo -A5, reduce VLDL and triglycerides

A

d. activate PPARa nucelar transcription factor in liver and muscle, increased transcription of genes for lipoprotein lipase and apo-A1 /apo -A5, reduce VLDL and triglycerides

23
Q

which drug mainly reduces VLDL so triglycerides?

a. fibrate
b. statins
c. pcsk9 inhibitor
d. ezetimibe

A

a.fibrate

24
Q

what do fibrates increase transcription of by activating tf PPARa?

a. liprotein lipase, apo A1, apo- A5
b. liprotein lipase, apo A1, apo C11
a. ldl receptor, apo A1, apo- A5

A

a.liprotein lipase, apo A1, apo- A5

25
Q

-fibrate

A

fibrate

26
Q

care should be taken when giving fibrates with which other lipid lowering drug?

a. fibrate
b. statins
c. pcsk9 inhibitor
d. ezetimibe

A

b.statins

27
Q

which drug acts as a bile acid binding resin
reducing the bile acid pool
increasing pool synthesis from cholesterol
reducing the cholesterol pool in cells
increasing LDL receptor expression?

a. colesevelam
b. omega 3 marine triglycerides
c. inclisiran
d. ezetimibe

A

a.colesevelam

28
Q

which of these have no adverse effects and is reasonable at lowering triglycerides?

a. colesevelam
b. omega 3 marine triglycerides
c. inclisiran
d. ezetimibe

A

b.omega 3 marine triglycerides

29
Q

what drug s recommended only when statins are not suitable or ezetimibe alone does not control LDL enough

a. colesevelam
b. bempedoic acid
c. fibrates
d. statins

A

b.bempedoic acid

30
Q

what is inclisiran?

a. bile acid binding resin
b. PPARa transcription factor actiavtor
c. monoclonal antibody
d. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor
e. small interfering RNA

A

e.small interfering RNA

31
Q

what is the first line lipid lowering drug for the majority?

a. fibrate
b. statins
c. pcsk9 inhibitor
d. ezetimibe

A

b.statins

32
Q

if triglycerides are very high what should be considered first line instead of statins?

a. fibrate
b. inclisiran
c. pcsk9 inhibitor
d. ezetimibe

A

a.fibrate

33
Q

which of these should not be treated with lipid lowering drugs?

a. familial hypercholesterolaemia
b. secondary prevention
c. primary prevention + 10 ear risk of 10%+
d. heart failure

A

d. heart failure

34
Q

which of these is the correct target for LDL-C reduction in FH?

a.30%+
b.40%+
c50%+
d.60%+

A

c50%+

35
Q 
which of these is the correct target according to NICE guidelines for non-HDL reduction?
a.30%+
b.40%+
c50%+
d.60%+
A

b.40%+

36
Q

patient on secondary prevention, LDL-C persistently 2.6mmol’l+ whic drug is recommended?

a. bempedoic acid
b. inclisiran
c. colesevelam
d. ezetimibe

A

b.inclisiran

BCR 1 (60 decks)

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