P42 - Lipids Flashcards
lipids are soluble in ____ and relatively insoluble in ___
- organic solvents
- H2O
cholesterol is mostly produced in ____
- hepatocytes
cholesterol is liberated from _____
- lipoproteins
triglycerides are in _____
- lipoproteins
triglycerides are produced in (monogastric) in fasting and postprandial situation
- hepatocytes
- enterocytes
FA (fatty acids) attached to alcohol is an
- esterified fatty acid
hyperlipemia and hyperlipidemia are increase in
- lipids
hyperlipoproteinemia is increase in
- lipid proteins
expected clearing of chylomicrons in dogs and cats is 8 hours - if delayed think
- secondary (acquired) hyperlipidemia
how does hypothyroidism cause an increase in cholesterol
- decrease hepatic lipase -> decrease clearance of LDL
- decrease thyroxine -> decrease LPL activity
how does diabetes mellitus cause an increase in TG
- decrease insulin -> decrease LPL activity
- increase VLDL synthesis (influx of FA)
how does equine hyperlipemia cause an increase in TG
- anorexia, obesity, pregnancy, lactation, renal failure, endoteoxemia
- > negative energy balance -> mobilization of FA -> increase synthesis of TG in hepatocytes -> increase VLDL (increase [TG])
values of [cholesterol] and [triglyceride] in hypothyroidism dog (also know mechanism)
- increase to highly increase
- increase
values of [cholesterol] and [triglyceride] in portosystemic shunt dog (also know mechanism)
- decrease
- WRI
values of [cholesterol] and [triglyceride] in hepatic failure dog (also know mechanism)
- decrease
- WRI
values of [cholesterol] and [triglyceride] in postprandial cat or dog (also know mechanism)
- WRI - increase
- increase to highly increase
values of [cholesterol] and [triglyceride] in diabetes mellitus cat or dog (also know mechanism)
- increase
- increase to moderate increase
values of [cholesterol] and [triglyceride] in equine hyperlipidemias in horse (also know mechanism)
- WRI - increase
- increase to highly increase
increase cholesterol production by what 2 things and why
- hepatocytes - nephrotic syndrome or protein-losing nephropathy
- enterocytes - postprandial hyperlipidemia
hypothyroidism and nephrotic syndrome or protein-losing nephropathy can cause decrease intravascular processing or clearance of lipoproteins and result in ____ cholesterol
- increase
- hypercholesterolemia
increase triglyceride production by what 2 things and why
- hepatocytes - equine hyperlipemia or hyperlipidemia
- enterocytes - postprandial hyperlipidemia
hypothyroidism, nephrotic syndrome and lipoprotein lipase deficiency can cause decrease intravascular processing or clearance of lipoproteins resulting in ____ triglycerides
- increase
- hypertriglyeridemia
what 2 hypothyroidism pathogenesis can cause increase in cholesterol
- T3 and T4
- creates a decrease clearance of LDLs and decrease intravascular processing
postprandial pathogenesis resulting in increase triglycerides
- ingest TG-containing meal -> increase formation of chylomicrons -> chylomicrons enter lacteals -> enter blood
diabetes mellitus pathogenesis resulting in increase triglycerides
- if insulin deficiency
- > decrease lipoprotein lipase activity -> decrease intravascular lipolysis
- > increase mobilization of fuels -> increase production of VLDLs
equine hyperlipidemias pathogenesis resulting in increase triglycerides
- negative energy status -> increase glucagon -> increase lipolysis of TG in adipocytes -> increase fatty acids to liver -> increase triglyceride synthesis (may see hepatic lipidosis)
portosystemic shunt/liver failure causing decrease cholesterol pathogenesis
- decrease functional hepatic mass -> decrease production of VLDLs -> decrease plasma lipoproteins
negative energy balance and fatty acid concentrations (3)
- negative energy balance -> increase glucagon release -> increase HS-lipase in adipocytes -> increase TG to FA
- diary cow transition period -> excessive increase [FA] -> increase AcCOA (increase ketogenesis and increase TG (hepatic lipidosis)
