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Clin Path > P25 - Body Cavity Effusions > Flashcards

P25 - Body Cavity Effusions Flashcards

1
Q

which species is fluid in peritoneal cavity normal

A
  • horses
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2
Q

which species is fluid in peritoneal cavity abnormal

A
  • small animals
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3
Q

microscopic exams of fluids

A
  • direct smear for turbid

- sediment smears for clear fluids

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4
Q

pure transudates gross appearance

A
  • clear
  • colorless
  • watery
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5
Q

pure transudate protein concentration

A
  • low (<2g)
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6
Q

pure transudate TNCC

A
  • low (1.5)
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7
Q

pure transudate microscopic exam

A
  • small mixed cell population
  • macrophages, lymphocytes
  • mesothelial cells
  • few non-degenerate neutrophils
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8
Q

positive or negative net pressure at arteriole end

A
  • positive

- forces nutrients, oxygen into tissues

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9
Q

positive or negative net pressure at venous end

A
  • negative

- suctions waste products into capillary

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10
Q

decreased colloid osmotic pressure due to low what

A
  • albumin
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11
Q

underlying mechanism for pure transudates

A
  • decreased colloid osmotic pressure due to low albumin
  • increased hydraulic pressure
  • obstruction to lymphatic flow
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12
Q

obstructive (modified) transudates gross appearance

A
  • serosanguinous

- hazy or bloody

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13
Q

obstructive (modified) transudates protein concentration

A
  • high (>2g)
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14
Q

obstructive (modified) transudates TNCC

A
  • 1.0-7
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15
Q

obstructive (modified) transudates microscopic exam

A
  • larger mixed cell population
  • mostly non-degenerate neutrophils
  • some macrophages, lymphocytes
  • some reactive mesothelial cells
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16
Q

2 conditions to think about for increased hydraulic (hydrostatic) pressure

A
  • hepatic congestion

- congestive heart failure

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17
Q

exudates gross appearance

A
  • trubid or bloody
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18
Q

exudates protein concentration

A
  • high (>3.5)
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19
Q

exudates TNCC

A
  • high (>8)
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20
Q

exudates microscopic exam

A
  • mixed cell population
  • non-degenerate neutrophils
  • degenerate neutrophils
  • some macrophages, lymphocytes
  • some reactive mesothelial cells
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21
Q

underlying mechanisms for exudates (2)

A
  • increased vascular permeability due to cytokines

- increased hydraulic pressure

22
Q

normal mesothelial cells occur in

A
  • clusters/sheets and line body cavities and internal organs
23
Q

reactive mesothelial cells features

A
  • basophilic cytoplasm

- binucleated

24
Q

mechanism of reactive mesothelial cells (2)

A
  • chronic irritation by inflammatory effusions

- chronic irritation by neoplastic effusions

25
Q

FIP gross appearance

A
  • yellow
26
Q

FIP protein concentration

A
  • very high (3.5-8.5)
27
Q

FIP TNCC

A
  • variable (1.5-10)
28
Q

FIP microscopic exam

A
  • neutrophils

- macrophages

29
Q

bile peritonitis cause

A
  • rupture of biliary duct system, liver or intestine
30
Q

bile peritonitis gross appearance

A
  • greenish-brown
31
Q

bile peritonitis protein concentration

A
  • high
32
Q

bile peritonitis TNCC

A
  • high
33
Q

bile peritonitis microscopic exam

A
  • neutrophils

- macrophages

34
Q

uroperitoneum cause

A
  • rupture of urinary bladder, urethra, ureters or kidneys
35
Q

uroperitoneum gross appearance

A
  • serosanguinous

- smells like pee

36
Q

uroperitoneum protein concentration

A
  • variable
37
Q

uroperitoneum TNCC

A
  • variable
38
Q

uroperitoneum microscopic exam

A
  • transudate to exudate
39
Q

hemoperitoneum or hemothorax accumulation of blood within peritoneal cavity

A
  • hemorrhagic effusion

- caused by splenic rupture, warfarin

40
Q

hemoperitoneum or hemothorax gross appearance

A
  • blood-like

- does not clot (platelets absent)

41
Q

hemoperitoneum or hemothorax protein concentration

A
  • variable
42
Q

hemoperitoneum or hemothorax TNCC

A
  • variable
43
Q

chylous effusion is accumulation of

A
  • milk-like fluid in thoracic cavity

- lympharrhagic effusion

44
Q

chylous effusion gross appearance

A
  • white
45
Q

chylous effusion protein concentration

A
  • variable
46
Q

chylous effusion TBCC

A
  • variable
47
Q

chylous effusion microscopic exam

A
  • small mature lymphocytes
48
Q

chylous effusion cause

A
  • leakage from thoracic duct

- persistent chyle can irritate pleural membranes and lead to pseudochyle

49
Q

neoplastic effusion gross appearance

A
  • bloody

- turbid

50
Q

neoplastic effusion inflammatory exudate

A
  • initially protein-rich transudate
  • high protein concentration >3.5g
  • high TNCC > 10
51
Q

neoplastic effusion microscopic exam

A
  • criteria for malignancy

- inflammatory cells

Clin Path (43 decks)

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