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Clin Path > P37 - Ca, P, Mg > Flashcards

P37 - Ca, P, Mg Flashcards

1
Q

T/F: all Ca in the body is ionized

A
  • true
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2
Q

3 fractions of ca in serum/plasma

A
  • fCa
  • Ca/Pr
  • Ca/A
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3
Q

decrease [fCa] -> increase ____ and ___ (_____) -> has what 3 effects:

  • ____ mobilization of Ca from bone
  • ____ absorption of Ca by intestine
  • ____ excretion of Ca by kidneys
A
  • PTH
  • Vit D (calcitriol)
  • increase mobilization of Ca from bone
  • increase absorption of Ca by intestine
  • decrease excretion of Ca by kidneys
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4
Q

horses: absorption of Ca ____ tightly regulated
- ___ vit D dependent
- do not produce _____(____)

A
  • is not
  • not
  • 1,24-DHCC (calcitriol)
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5
Q

total calcium (tCa) concentration sample

A
  • serum (not EDTA or citrate)
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6
Q

free calcium (fCa) concentration sample

A
  • serum
  • heparinized plasma or blood
    (not EDTA or citrate)
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7
Q
  • primary hyperparathyroidism
  • hypervitaminosis D
  • decrease urinary excretion
  • Addison’s disease (hypoadrenocorticism)
    can all cause ___ in Ca
A
  • increase (hypercalcemia)
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8
Q

how does primary hyperparathyroidism cause hypercalcemia

A
  • increase production and release of PTH -> increase [PTH]
  • > increase mobilization of Ca from bone
  • > increase absorption of Ca in intestine
  • > decrease renal excretion of Ca
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9
Q

how dose hypervitaminosis D cause hypercalcemia

A
  • excess intake or production -> increase [1,25-DHCC] (calcitriol)
  • > increase mobilization of Ca from bone
  • > increase absorption of Ca in intestine
  • > decrease renal excretion of Ca
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10
Q

how does decrease urinary excretion (failure in equine and canine) cause hypercalcemia

A
  • equine renal failure -> decrease GFR -> decrease clearance of Ca and Ca/A
  • canine renal failure (mostly acute) -> decrease GFR -> decrease clearance of A -> increase formation of Ca/A complexes in plasma and not cleared
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11
Q

who does Addison’s disease cause hypercalcemia

A
  • hypoadrenocorticism -> hypovolemia -> increase activation of renin-angiotensin system -> increase angiotensin cause increase proximal tubular resorption of Na&Ca
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12
Q

when there is a state of hypocalcemia what should be thought of first (what disorder?)

A
  • hypoalbuminemia (hypoproteinemia)

- protein bound is down -> decrease total

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13
Q
  • hypoalbuminemia
  • primary hypoparathyroidism
  • hypovitaminosis D
  • increase urinary excretion
  • pregnancy, parturient, lactational
    all can cause ___ in Ca
A
  • decrease (hypocalcemia)
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14
Q

how does primary hypoparathyroidism cause hypocalcemia

A
  • parathyroid gland destruction -> decrease production and release of PTH -> decrease [PTH]
  • > decrease mobilization of Ca from bone
  • > decrease absorption of Ca in intestine
  • > increase renal excretion of Ca
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15
Q

how does hypovitaminosis D (chronic renal disease) cause hypocalcemia

A
  • chronic renal disease -> secondary renal hyperparathyroidism -> decrease 1a-hydroxylase -> decrease [calcitriol] -> decrease fCa absorption from intestine and resorption from bone
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16
Q

how does pregnancy, parturient, and lactation cause hypocalcemia

A
  • rapid increase of Ca loss in milk -> not mobilizing Ca from bone fast enough
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17
Q

what type of Ca concentration is commonly caused “ionized calcium”

A
  • free calcium (fCa)
18
Q

if sample measuring fCa is aerobic effects on pH

A
  • decreases [H] - alkalemic
19
Q

disorders of [tCa] are typically disorders of [fCa] except (2)

A
  • decrease [tCa] due to hypoalbuminemia

- increase binding of Ca to anions

20
Q

why is [Pi] inorganic phosphorus concentration higher in puppys and kittens

A
  • GH -> increase renal resorption of Pi
21
Q

Pi is measured from

A
  • PO4
22
Q
  • decrease urinary PO4 excretion
  • increase PO4 absorption from intestine
  • shift PO4 ICF to ECF
    all cause __ of [Pi]
A
  • increase

- hyperphosphatemia

23
Q

how does a decrease urinary PO4 excretion cause hyperphosphatemia

A
  • decrease GFR -> decrease clearance of PO4

- decrease PTH activity -> increase tubular resorption of PO4

24
Q

how does increase PO4 absorption from intestine cause hyperphosphatemia

A
  • phosphate enema

- hyoervitaminosis D -> increase mobilization of PO4 from bone

25
Q
  • urinary PO4 excretion
  • decrease PO4 absorption from intestine
  • shift PO4 ECF to ICF
  • equine renal disease (failure)
  • endotoxemia
  • defective mobilization of PO4 from bone
    all cause __ of [Pi]
A
  • decrease

- hypophosphatemia

26
Q

Mg in RBCs is greater than, less than or equal to Mg in plasma

A
  • greater than
27
Q

how does hypoproteinemia cause a hypomagnesemia

A
  • inadequate ruminal or intestinal absorption of Mg
  • > prolonged anorexia or poor feed intake
  • > calves on whole milk diet
  • > grass tetany in cattle
28
Q

secretion of PTH (polypeptide hormone) is _____ by decrease fCa and decrease vitamin D

A
  • stimulated
29
Q

secretion of PTH (polypeptide hormone) is _____ by increase fCa and increase vitamin D

A
  • inhibited
30
Q

increase serum [PTH-rp] in humoral hypercalcemia of malifnancy due to what in:

  • dogs
  • cats
  • horses
A
  • dogs - lymphoma, apocrine gland carcinoma
  • cats - carcinomas of kidneys, lung and bronchi
  • horses - carcinomas
31
Q

primary hyperparathyroidism causes (increase, decrease or WRI) of:

  • [tCa]
  • [Pi]
  • [iPTH]
  • [PTHrp]
  • [vit D]
A
  • increase
  • decrease
  • WRI-increase
  • WRI
  • WRI
32
Q

humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy causes (increase, decrease or WRI) of:

  • [tCa]
  • [Pi]
  • [iPTH]
  • [PTHrp]
  • [vit D]
A
  • increase
  • decrease
  • decrease -WRI
  • increase
  • WRI
33
Q

excess vitamin D causes (increase, decrease or WRI) of:

  • [tCa]
  • [Pi]
  • [iPTH]
  • [PTHrp]
  • [vit D]
A
  • increase
  • WRI-increase
  • decrease -WRI
  • WRI
  • increase
34
Q

canine hypoadrenocorticism causes (increase, decrease or WRI) of:

  • [tCa]
  • [Pi]
  • [iPTH]
  • [PTHrp]
  • [vit D]
A
  • increase
  • WRI-increase
  • decrease-WRI
  • WRI
  • WRI
35
Q

renal failure (hypercalcemic) causes (increase, decrease or WRI) of:

  • [tCa]
  • [Pi]
  • [iPTH]
  • [PTHrp]
  • [vit D]
A
  • increase
  • WRI-decrease
  • decrease
  • WRI
  • ?
36
Q

renal failure (chronic) causes (increase, decrease or WRI) of:

  • [tCa]
  • [Pi]
  • [iPTH]
  • [PTHrp]
  • [vit D]
A
  • WRI - decrease
  • increase
  • increase
  • WRI
  • decrease-WRI
37
Q

hypoabluminemia causes (increase, decrease or WRI) of:

  • [tCa]
  • [Pi]
  • [iPTH]
  • [PTHrp]
  • [vit D]
A
  • decrease
  • WRI
  • WRI
  • WRI
  • WRI
38
Q

primary hypoparathyroidism causes (increase, decrease or WRI) of:

  • [tCa]
  • [Pi]
  • [iPTH]
  • [PTHrp]
  • [vit D]
A
  • decrease
  • WRI-increase
  • decrease - WRI
  • WRI
  • WRI
39
Q

vitamin D-receptor defect rickets causes (increase, decrease or WRI) of:

  • [tCa]
  • [Pi]
  • [iPTH]
  • [PTHrp]
  • [vit D]
A
  • decrease
  • increase ?
  • increase
  • WRI
  • increase
40
Q

milk fever causes (increase, decrease or WRI) of:

  • [tCa]
  • [Pi]
  • [iPTH]
  • [PTHrp]
  • [vit D]
A
  • decrease
  • decrease
  • WRI-increase
  • WRI
  • WRI - increase
41
Q

prolonged anorexia causes (increase, decrease or WRI) of:

  • [tCa]
  • [Pi]
  • [iPTH]
  • [PTHrp]
  • [vit D]
A
  • WRI
  • decrease
  • WRI
  • WRI
  • WRI

Clin Path (43 decks)

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