P40 - Glucose, Ketoamines, Hormones Flashcards
plasma or serum [glucose] relationship to blood [glucose]
- does not equal
when does the relationship between plasma or serum [glucose] to blood [glucose] become significant
- when plasma or serum [glucose] > blood [glucose]
physiologic hyperglycemia is when there are ___ of diabetes mellitus
- no clinical signs
which type of diabetes mellitus is due to targeted B-cell destruction and absolute insulin deficiency
- type I
pathogenesis of type 1 DM
- B-cell destruction -> decrease insulin production -> insulin deficiency
- > decrease glucose entry into muscle and adipose tissue
- > increase gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis
which type of diabetes mellitus is due to insulin resistance with inadequate compensatory insulin secretory response
- type II
pathogenesis of type II DM
- feline pancreatic amyloidosis (increase amylin production by B cells -> damages B-cells and promotes insulin resistance)
- > decrease insulin production -> insulin deficiency
- > defective target cell response -> decrease glucose use by target cells
pancreatic DM due to (2)
- pancreatitis
- pancreatic carcinoma
endocrine (non-pancreatic) DM due to (4)
- acromegaly
- glucagonoma
- hyperadrenocortiscism
- hyperpituitarism
pathogenesis of endocrine (non-pancreatic) DM - Cushnoid DM
- excessive glucocorticoids (cortisol)
- > defective glucose transport -> decrease glucose entry into muscle and adipose tissue
- > increase gluconeogenesis
when cells perceive “starvation” -> _____ glucagon production
- increase
insulin somogyi effect pathogenesis
- too much insulin given -> makred hypoglycemia -> increase glucagon release -> increase gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis -> hyperglycemia
- pancreatic B-cell neoplasm
- xylitol toxicosis
- hypoadrenocorticism
- hepatic insufficiency failure
- lactational
- sepsis (endotoxemia)
can all cause ____ in glycogen
- decrease
- hypoglycemia
pathogenesis of lactational hypoglycemia
- increase milk production -> increase glucose demand by mammary glands -> inadequate increase gluconeogenesis -> hypoglycemia
pathogenesis of sepsis and hyper and hypoglycemia
- hyperglycemia as an early manifestation (possible insulin resistance due to inflammatory mediators)
- hypoglycemia later (increase use by tissues and decrease production)
- > tissue damage -> anaerobic glycolysis -> inefficient production of ATP requires lots of glucose
