P32 - Urinary System Part 3 Flashcards
2 major pathogenic mechanisms of polyuria that she is most concerned about
- chronic renal failure
- diabetes mellitus
4 major mechanisms of polyuria
- osmotic solute diuresis
- decreased medullary tonicity
- decreased tubular response to ADH
- decreased ADH
osmotic solute diuresis relating to polyuria common in what conditions (3)
- chronic renal failure
- post-obstructive diuresis
- diabetes mellitus
osmotic solute diuresis in chronic renal failure effects
- too much solute remaining for functional nephrons
osmotic solute diuresis in diabetes mellitus effects
- glucose in tubular fluid reduces osmotic gradient
decrease medullary tonicity relating to polyuria common in what conditions (4)
- chronic renal failure
- diabetes mellitus
- hypoadrenocorticism
- liver failure
decrease medullary tonicity in chronic renal failure effects
- damaged medullary tissue or poor blood flow
- decreased Na and Cl transport in ascending limb
decrease medullary tonicity in diabetes mellitus effects
- if persistent diuresis (solute overload) -> medullary washout
decreased tubular response to ADH relating to polyuria common in what conditions (7)
- chronic renal failure
- acute renal failure
- post-obstructive diuresis
- hypercalcemia
- canine pyometra
- hypokalemia
- liver failure
decreased tubular response to ADH in chronic renal failure effects
- damaged renal tubular cells
decrease in ADH relating to polyuria common in what conditions (4)
- hypoadrenocroticism
- central diabetes insipidus
- hyperadrenocorticism
- psychogenic polydipsia
why loss of renal concentrating ability in chronic renal insufficiency (3)
- solute diuresis (more solute to working nephrons)
- medullary hypertonicity is not maintained
- distal tubules less responsive to ADH
