other anemias Flashcards
EPO is synthesized in the
kidney
EPO is released in response to
hypoxia
EPO is decreased in
renal failure
aplastic anemia is loss of
hematopoietic precursors in bone marrow
aplastic anemia results in
pancytopenia
in bone marrow failure, the bone marrow cannot
produce cells
hallmarks of aplastic anemia
- pancytopenia
- acellular bone marrow
sxs of aplastic anemia
- pancytopenia
- anemia
- thrombocytopenia (bleeding)
- leukopenia
with idiopathic aplastic anemia there is strong evidence for
immune mediated mechanism (T cell mediated destruction of stem cells)
idiopathic anemia due to T cell destruction can be treated with
antithymocyte globulin
cyclosporine
other causes of aplastic anemia
radiation
acute viral hepatitis
parvovirus B19
drugs
benzene
fanconi anemia is a
inherited aplastic anemia
fanconi anemia genetics
autosomal recessive or x linked
more than half of patients with fanconi anemia have
physical deformities
physical deformities of fanconi syndrome
- short statue
- cafe au lait spots
- malformed thumbs
- heart, renal, eye abnormalities
fanconi anemia genetic abnormalities typically involve
dna repair enzymes
fanconi syndrome caused increased risk of
malignancies
pure red cell aplasia is
absence of erythroid precursors
pure red cell aplasia has marked reduction in
reticulocytes
key association with pure red cell aplasia
thymoma
macrocytic anemias are characterized by
abnormal DNA synthesis
in megaloblastic anemias red blood cell precursors grow but
cannot divide
megaloblastic anemia results from
abnormal DNA synthesis
what can be seen on red blood cell smear of megaloblastic anemia
hypersegmented neutrophils
causes of megaloblastic anemia
folate deficiency and B12
macrocytic anemias without impaired DNA synthesis can be due to
liver disease or alcoholism
