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inflammation principles Flashcards

1
Q

inflammation is a process for eliminating

A

pathogens & damaged tissue

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2
Q

5 cardinal signs of inflammation

A
  1. rubor
  2. calor
  3. tumor (swelling)
  4. dolor (pain)
  5. loss of function
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3
Q

histamine is

A

preformed & released quickly

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4
Q

histamine is released by

A

mast cells, basophils, & platelets

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5
Q

prostaglandin are synthesized via

A

arachidonic acid

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6
Q

prostaglandin are released by

A

mast cells & leukocytes

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7
Q

factor XII produces

A

bradykinin

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8
Q

bradykinin role

A

vasodilator & pain

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9
Q

bradykinin is degraded by

A

angiotensinogen converting enzyme (ACE)

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10
Q

ace inhibitors can raise bradykinin levels causing

A

angioedema

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11
Q

bradykinin is degraded by C1 also and a def in C1 can lead to

A

hereditary angioedema

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12
Q

vascular permeability is due to

A

contraction of endothelial cells creating gaps that occur in post capillary venules

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13
Q

oncotic pressure drive fluid into

A

tissue

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14
Q

exudate characteristics

A

high protein, concentrated

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15
Q

exudate seen in

A

inflammatory edema from high vascular permeability

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16
Q

transudate characteristics

A

low protein, diluted

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17
Q

transudate is not due to

A

inflammation

18
Q

pleural effusion causes

A

transudate or exudate

19
Q

key mediator for pain

20
Q

fever is caused by

21
Q

pyrogens increase

A

cyclooxygenase & prostaglandins

22
Q

exogenous pyrogen

A

lipopolysaccharide

23
Q

endogenous pyrogen

A

IL-1 & TNF alpha

24
Q

prostaglandins alter

A

temp set point

25
Q

normal WBC count

26
Q

bacterial infections are mainly

A

neutrophils

27
Q

viruses are mainly

A

lymphocytes

28
Q

acute phase reactants are produced by

A

liver in response to IL-6

29
Q

c reactive protein activates

A

complement

30
Q

chronic increased levels are c reactive protein are associated with

A

coronary artery disease

31
Q

serum amyloid A proteins causes

A

AA (secondary) amyloidosis

32
Q

ferritin role

A

iron storage protein

33
Q

ferritin is stored in

A

macrophages of liver & bone

34
Q

ferritin is __ in inflammation

35
Q

hepcidin inhibits

A

iron transport

36
Q

hepcidin binds to

A

ferroportin and iron becomes trapped in cells as ferritin

37
Q

fibrinogen (factor I of clotting cascade) promotes

A

cellular adhesion

38
Q

rate of RBC sedimentation

39
Q

ESR is increased by

A

acute phase reactants in inflammation

40
Q

__ ESR in anemia

A

increased (bc less RBC to repel each other)

41
Q

negative acute phase reactants

A

albumin (decreases with inflammation)

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