acute leukemia Flashcards
a leukemia is a malignant proliferation of
white blood cells
what is increased in leukemia
WBCs
characteristics of acute leukemia
rapid onset of sxs and involves blasts in bone marrow
characteristics of chronic leukemia
slower onset of sxs and malignant cells are not blasts
acute lymphoblastic leukemia is a disease of
children
ALL sxs
fever, bone pain, HA, vomiting
what is seen in the peripheral blood in ALL
lymphoblasts
typical B cell markers
CD19, CD20, & CD21
immature B cell markers
CD10 and TdT+
immature T cell markers
CD2, CD3, CD5, CD7, TdT+
sanctuary sites in ALL
testes & central nervous system
common mutation in adults with ALL
philadelphia chromosome (t9;22)
common mutation in children with ALL
t(12;21)
t(12;21) results in fusion product of
TEL-AML1
TEL-AML1 impairs differentiation of
blasts
T cell ALL is common in
adolescent males
T cell ALL presents as
mediastinal mass
tumor compression in T cell ALL may cause
superior vena cava syndrome or tracheal obstruction
markers in T cell ALL
CD7+
acute myelogenous leukemia is malignancy of
myeloblasts
acute myelogenous leukemia results in symptoms from
bone marrow suppression
acute myelogenous leukemia on peripheral blood smear
auer rods
auer rods are a accumulation of
MPO
acute promyelocytic leukemia is defined by
t(15;17)
acute promyelocytic leukemia creates a fusion of
promyelocytic leukemia gene and retinoic acid receptor
in acute promyelocytic leukemia abnormal retinoic acid receptor prevents
normal maturation of promyelocytes
treatment for abnormal retinoic acid receptor
all trans retinoic acid (a form of vit A)
acute promyelocytic leukemia can result in DIC due to
release of MPO
myelodysplasia is due to
abnormal myeloid progenitor cells
myelodysplasia leads to ineffective
hematopoiesis
