Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology > ORGANOTROPIC AGENTS - Drugs used for treatment of heart failure > Flashcards

ORGANOTROPIC AGENTS - Drugs used for treatment of heart failure Flashcards

1
Q

Normally involved in the pathogenesis of heart failure

A
  • A cardiac lesion that impairs cardiac output
  • An increase in peripheral vascular resistance
  • An increase in sodium and water retention
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Not Normally involved in the pathogenesis of heart failure

A

A decrease in preload

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

All of the following are compensatory mechanisms that occur during the pathogenesis of congestive heart failure

A
  • An increase in ventricular end-diastolic volume
  • An increase in the concentration of plasma catecholamines
  • Increased activity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The following are not compensatory mechanisms that occur during the pathogenesis of congestive heart failure

A

An increase in vagal tone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

All of the following are recommended at the initial stages of treating patients with heart failure

A
  • Reduced salt intake
  • ACE inhibitors
  • Diuretics
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The following are not recommended at the initial stages of treating patients with heart failure

A

Verapamil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The following agents belong to cardiac glycosides

A
  • Digoxin
  • Strophantin K
  • Digitoxin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The following agent do not belong to cardiac glycosides

A

Amrinone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The non-glycoside positive inotropic drug is

A

Dobutamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Sugar molecules in the structure of glycosides influence

A

Pharmacokinetic properties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Aglycone is essential for

A

Cardiotonic action

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Derivative of the plant Foxglove (Digitalis)

A

Digoxin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

True or False. They inhibit the Na+/K+-ATPase and thereby increase intracellular Ca++ in myocardial cells

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

True or False. They cause a decrease in vagal tone

A

FALSE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

True or False. Children tolerate higher doses of digitalis than do adults

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

True or False. The most frequent cause of digitalis intoxication is concurrent administration of diuretics that deplete K+

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

True or False. An important action of digitalis is to increase vagal tone.

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

True or False. Digoxin is thought to increase intracellular concentrations of calcium in myocardial cells by indirectly slowing the action of the sodium-calcium exchanger.

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Compare the half-life of digoxin and the half-life of digitoxin

A

Digitoxin is greater than digoxin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

True or False about cardiac glycosides. They inhibit the activity of the Na+/K+-ATPase

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

True or False about cardiac glycosides. They decrease intracellular concentrations of calcium in myocytes

A

FALSE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

True or False about cardiac glycosides. They increase vagal tone

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

True or False about cardiac glycosides. They have a very low therapeutic index

A

TRUE

24
Q

True or False about cardiac glycosides. Digoxin is a mild inotrope

A

TRUE

25
Q

True or False about cardiac glycosides. Digoxin increases vagal tone

A

TRUE

26
Q

True or False about cardiac glycosides. Digoxin has a longer half-life than digitoxin

A

FALSE

27
Q

True or False about cardiac glycosides. Digoxin acts by inhibiting the Na+/K+ ATPase

A

TRUE

28
Q

The most cardiac manifestation of glycosides intoxication is

A
  • Atrioventricular junctional rhythm
  • Second-degree atrioventricular blockade
  • Ventricular tachycardia
29
Q

The manifestations of glycosides intoxication are

A
  • Visual changes
  • Ventricular tachyarrhythmias
  • Gastrointestinal disturbances
30
Q

For digitalis-induced arrhythmias the following drug is favored

A

Lidocaine

31
Q

In very severe digitalis intoxication the best choice is to use

A

Digibind (Digoxin immune fab)

32
Q

True or False about cardiac glycoside-induced ventricular tachyarrhythmias. Lidocaine is a drug of choice in treatment

A

TRUE

33
Q

True or False about cardiac glycoside-induced ventricular tachyarrhythmias. Digibind should be used in life-threatening cases

A

TRUE

34
Q

True or False about cardiac glycoside-induced ventricular tachyarrhythmias. They occur more frequently in patients with hyperkalemia than in those with hypokalemia

A

FALSE

35
Q

True or False about cardiac glycoside-induced ventricular tachyarrhythmias. They are more likely to occur in patients with a severely damaged heart

A

TRUE

36
Q

This drug is a selective beta-1 agonist

A

Dobutamine

37
Q

Tolerance to this inotropic drug develops after a few days

A

Dobutamine

38
Q

This drug inhibits breakdown of cAMP in vascular smooth muscle

A

Amrinone

39
Q

This drug is useful for treating heart failure because it increases the inotropic state and reduces afterload

A

Amrinone

40
Q

This drug acts by inhibiting type III cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase

A

Milrinone

41
Q

True or False about inhibitors of type III phosphodiesterase. They raise cAMP concentrations in cardiac myocytes

A

TRUE

42
Q

True or False about inhibitors of type III phosphodiesterase. They reduce afterload

A

TRUE

43
Q

True or False about inhibitors of type III phosphodiesterase. They show significant cross-tolerance with beta-receptor agonists

A

FALSE

44
Q

True or False about inhibitors of type III phosphodiesterase. They are associated with a significant risk for cardiac arrhythmias

A

TRUE

45
Q

The following drugs are used in the treatment of severe congestive heart failure

A
  • Digoxin
  • Dobutamine
  • Dopamine
46
Q

The following drug are not used in the treatment of severe congestive heart failure

A

Verapamil

47
Q

Drugs most commonly used in chronic heart failure are

A
  • Cardiac glycosides
  • Diuretics
  • Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
48
Q

True or False about angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. They act by inhibiting the ability of renin to convert angiotensinogen to angiotensin I.

A

FALSE

49
Q

True or False about angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. Enalapril is a prodrug that is converted to an active metabolite

A

TRUE

50
Q

True or False about angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. They reduce secretion of aldosterone

A

TRUE

51
Q

True or False about angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. They can produce hyperkalemia in combination with a potassium-sparing diuretic

A

TRUE

52
Q

The following effects of ACE inhibitors may be useful in treating heart failure

A
  • They decrease afterload
  • They reduce reactive myocardial hypertrophy
  • They increase myocardial beta-1 adrenergic receptor density
53
Q

The following effect of ACE inhibitors may be not useful in treating heart failure

A

They increase circulating catecholamine levels

54
Q

True or False about the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors in the treatment of
heart failure. They improve hemodynamics by decreasing afterload

A

TRUE

55
Q

True or False about the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors in the treatment of
heart failure. They can increase plasma cholesterol levels

A

FALSE

56
Q

True or False about the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors in the treatment of
heart failure. They may slow the progression of heart failure by preventing myocardial and vascular remodeling

A

TRUE

57
Q

True or False about the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors in the treatment of
heart failure. They are effective first-line agents in the treatment of chronic heart failure

A

TRUE

Pharmacology (41 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions