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Pharmacology > METABOLIC PROFILE DRUGS - Pancreatic Hormones & Antidiabetic Drugs > Flashcards

METABOLIC PROFILE DRUGS - Pancreatic Hormones & Antidiabetic Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Secretory products of pancreatic β-cells are

A

Insulin, C-peptide, proinsulin, islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP)

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2
Q

Insulin is

A

A small protein with a molecular weight of 5808 having disulphide linkage

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3
Q

Insulin is a polypeptide hence

A

It is destroyed by gastric juice

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4
Q

True or False. Bovine insulin is less antigenic than porcine.

A

FALSE

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5
Q

Insulin causes reduction in blood sugar level by the following mechanisms

A
  • Increased glucose uptake in the peripheral tissue
  • Reduction of breakdown of glycogen
  • Diminished gluconeogenesis
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6
Q

True or False about glucagon. Stimulates gluconeogenesis in the liver

A

TRUE

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7
Q

Insulin can not be administered by

A

Oral route

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8
Q

Sources of human insulin production are

A

Recombinant DNA techniques by inserting the proinsulin gene into E. coli or yeast

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9
Q

The primary reason for a physician to prescribe human insulin is that

A

It can be given to patients who have an allergy to animal insulins

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10
Q

True or False about crystalline zinc (regular) insulin. It can serve as replacement therapy for juvenile-onset diabetes

A

TRUE

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11
Q

True or False about crystalline zinc (regular) insulin. It can be administered intravenously

A

TRUE

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12
Q

True or False about crystalline zinc (regular) insulin. It is a short-acting insulin

A

TRUE

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13
Q

True or False about crystalline zinc (regular) insulin. It can be administered orally

A

FALSE

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14
Q

Diabetic coma is treated by the administration of

A

Crystalline insulin

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15
Q

Sulphonylureas act by

A

Stimulating the beta islet cells of pancreas to produce insulin

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16
Q

True or False. Sulphonylureas are effective in totally insulin deficient patients.

A

FALSE

17
Q

Currently used second-generation sulfonylureas include

A
  • Glyburide (Glibenclamide)
  • Glipizide (Glydiazinamide)
  • Glimepiride (Amaril)
18
Q

Currently used oral hypoglycemic thiazolidinediones include

A
  • Pioglitazone (Actos)

- Rosiglitazone (Avandia)

19
Q

Thiazolidinediones act by

A

Diminishing insulin resistance by increasing glucose uptake and metabolism in muscle and adipose tissues

20
Q

Currently used alpha-glucosidase inhibitors include

A
  • Acarbose (Precose)
  • Miglitol (Glyset)
  • All of the above
21
Q

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors act by

A

Competitive inhibiting of intestinal alpha-ghucosidases and modulating the postprandial digestion and absorption of starch and disaccharides

22
Q

Potency of action of

A

Miglitol is six times higher than that of acarbose

23
Q

Which oral hypoglycaemic drugs stimulates both synthesis and release of insulin from beta islet cells

A

Glibenclamide

24
Q

Currently used oral hypoglycemic biguanides include

A
  • Repaglinide (Prandin)
  • Metformin
  • Phenformine
25
Q

The action of insulin is potentiated by

A

Biguanides

26
Q

Duration of action of

A

Chlorpropamide is more than that of tolbutamide

27
Q

True or False. Side effects of sulphonylureas are less than those of biguanides.

A

TRUE

28
Q

Biguanides are used in

A

In case of hyperglycemic shock

29
Q

Which agents is/are important hormonal antagonists of insulin in the body?

A
  • Glucagon
  • Adrenal steroids
  • Adrenaline
30
Q

Glucagon is

A

A peptide – identical in all mammals – consisting of a single chain of 29 amino acids.

31
Q

True or False. Glucagon is synthesized in the A cells of the pancreatic islets of Langerhans.

A

TRUE

32
Q

True or False. Glucagon is a peptide – identical in all mammals – consisting of a single chain of 29 amino acids

A

TRUE

33
Q

True or False. Glucagon is extensively degraded in the liver and kidney as well as in plasma, and at its tissue receptor sites.

A

TRUE

34
Q

True or False. Half-life of glucagon is between 6 and 8 hours, which is similar to that of insulin.

A

FALSE

35
Q

Glucagon can be used in

A
  • Severe hypoglycemia
  • Endocrine diagnosis
  • Beta-blocker poisoning
36
Q

Main complications of insulin therapy include

A
  • Hypoglycemia
  • Insulin allergy
  • Lipodystrophy at an injection site

Pharmacology (41 decks)

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