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Pharmacology > METABOLIC PROFILE DRUGS - Glucocorticoid, Steroidal & Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs > Flashcards

METABOLIC PROFILE DRUGS - Glucocorticoid, Steroidal & Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Glucocorticoids are hormonal steroids

A

Having an important effect on intermediary metabolism, cardiovascular function, growth, and immunity

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2
Q

Inflammation is

A

A localized protective reaction of a tissue to irritation, injury, or infection, characterized by pain, redness,
swelling, and sometimes loss of function

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3
Q

An acute, transient phase, of inflammation is characterized by

A

Local vasodilatation and increased capillary permeability (phase of damage)

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4
Q

A delayed, subacute phase, of inflammation is characterized by

A

Infiltration of leucocytes and phagocytic cells (phase of exudation)

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5
Q

A chronic, proliferative phase, of inflammation is characterized by

A

Tissue degeneration and fibrosis occurrence (phase of proliferation)

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6
Q

The following substances are considered to be referred to as eicosanoids

A
  • Prostaglandins
  • Leukotrienes
  • Thromboxanes
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7
Q

True or False about cortisol (hydrocortisone). Cortisol is synthesized from cholesterol

A

TRUE

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8
Q

True or False about cortisol (hydrocortisone). ACTH governs cortisol secretion

A

TRUE

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9
Q

True or False about cortisol (hydrocortisone). Most cortisol is inactivated in the liver

A

TRUE

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10
Q

True or False about cortisol (hydrocortisone). The half-life of cortisol in the circulations is normally about 60-90 hours.

A

FALSE

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11
Q

True or False about glucocorticoids. Effects of glucocorticoids are mediated by widely distributed glucocorticoid receptors that are members of the superfamily of nuclear receptors.

A

TRUE

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12
Q

True or False about glucocorticoids. Glucocorticoids have dose-related metabolic effects on carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism.

A

TRUE

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13
Q

True or False about glucocorticoids. Glucocorticoids have pro-inflammatory effects.

A

FALSE

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14
Q

True or False about glucocorticoids. Glucocorticoids have catabolic effects in lymphoid and connective tissue, muscle, fat, and skin.

A

TRUE

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15
Q

Physiologic doses of glucocorticoid can result in

A
  • Increased liver glycogen stores, gluconeogenesis and lipolysis
  • Maintenance of cardiovascular function (by potentiation of norepinephrine) and skeletal muscle function
  • Increased hemoglobin synthesis, resulting in elevated of red blood cell count
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16
Q

Which glucocorticoids is a short- to medium-acting drug?

A

Prednisolon

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17
Q

Which glucocorticoids is an intermediate-acting drug?

A

Triamcinolone

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18
Q

Which glucocorticoids is a long-acting drug?

A

Dexamethasone

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19
Q

Which glucocorticoids have one fluoride atom in its chemical structure?

A

Triamcinolone

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20
Q

Which glucocorticoids have two fluoride atoms in its chemical structure?

A

Fluocinolone

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21
Q

Which glucocorticoids has no fluoride atoms in its chemical structure?

A

Prednisolon

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22
Q

Anti-inflammatory effect of glucocorticoids is caused by

A
  • Reducing the prostaglandin and leukotriene which results from inhibition of phospholipase A2
  • Reducing macrophages migration into the site of inflammation
  • Decreasing capillary permeability
23
Q

True or False about anti-inflammatory effect of glucocorticoids. Anti-inflammatory effect of glucocorticoids results from inhibition of cyclooxygenase

A

FALSE

24
Q

True or False about anti-inflammatory effect of glucocorticoids. Anti-inflammatory effect of glucocorticoids results from inhibition of phospholipase A2 and reducing prostaglandin and leukotriene synthesis

A

TRUE

25
Q

True or False about anti-inflammatory effect of glucocorticoids. Induction of cyclooxygenase II expression which results in reducing amount of an enzyme available to produce prostoglandins

A

FALSE

26
Q

Immunosupressive effect of glucocorticoids is caused by

A

Reducing concentration of lymphocytes (T and B cells) and inhibiting function of tissue macrophages and
other antigen-presenting cells

27
Q

True or False about anti-inflammatory effect of NSAIDs. Anti-inflammatory effect of NSAIDs results from inhibition of cyclooxygenase

A

TRUE

28
Q

True or False about anti-inflammatory effect of NSAIDs. Anti-inflammatory effect of NSAIDs results from inhibition of phospholipase A2 and reducing prostaglandin and
leukotriene synthesis

A

FALSE

29
Q

True or False about anti-inflammatory effect of NSAIDs. Anti-inflammatory effect of NSAIDs results from induction of cyclooxygenase II expression which results in reducing
the amount of an enzyme available to produce prostoglandins

A

FALSE

30
Q

Indication of glucocorticoids is

A
  • Chronic (Addison’s disease) and acute adrenocortical insufficiency
  • Organ transplants (prevention and treatment of rejection – immunosuppression)
  • Inflammatory conditions of bones and joints (arthritis, bursitis, tenosynovitis).
31
Q

Indications of glucocorticoids are

A
  • Gastrointestinal diseases (inflammatory bowel disease)
  • Inflammatory conditions of bones and joints (arthritis, bursitis, tenosynovitis)
  • Skin diseases (atopic dermatitis, dermatoses, localized neurodermatitis)
32
Q

Serious side effects of glucocorticoids include

A
  • Acute peptic ulcers
  • Iatrogenic Cushing’s syndrome (rounding, puffiness, fat deposition and plethora alter the appearance of the face – moon faces)
  • Hypomania or acute psychosis
33
Q

Serious side effects of glucocorticoids include

A
  • Adrenal suppression
  • Insomnia, behavioral changes (primarily hypomania)
  • Rounding, puffiness, fat deposition and plethora alter the appearance of the face – moon faces
34
Q

True or False. Selective COX-2 inhibitors are safer than nonselective COX-1 inhibitors but without loss of efficacy.

A

TRUE

35
Q

True or False. The constitutive COX-2 isoform tends to be homeostatic in function, while COX-1 is induced during inflammation and tends to facilitate the inflammatory response.

A

FALSE

36
Q

Which property combinations is peculiar to the majority of NSAIDs?

A

Antipyretic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory

37
Q

Which NSAIDs is a propionic acid derivative?

A

Ibuprofen

38
Q

Which NSAIDs is an indol derivative?

A

Indomethacin

39
Q

Which NSAIDs is a pyrazolone derivative?

A

Metamizole (Analgin)

40
Q

Which NSAIDs is a fenamate derivative?

A

Meclofenamic acid

41
Q

Which NSAIDs is an oxicam derivative?

A

Piroxicam

42
Q

Which NSAIDs is a selective COX-2 inhibitor?

A

Celecoxib

43
Q

Which NSAIDs is a nonselective COX inhibitor

A

Piroxicam

44
Q

True or False. Aspirin inhibits phospholipase A2

A

TRUE

45
Q

Indication for aspirin administration are

A
  • Inflammatory conditions
  • Decreasing the incidence of transient ischemic attack, unstable angina, coronary artery thrombosis with myocardial infarction, and thrombosis after coronary artery bypass grafting
  • Reducing elevated body temperature
46
Q

Side effects of aspirin include

A
  • Gastric upset (intolerance)
  • Salicylism (vomiting, tinnitus, decreased hearing, and vertigo)
  • Gastric ulcers and upper gastrointestinal bleeding
47
Q

Serious side effects of metamizole (analgin) include

A

Agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia

48
Q

Side effects of indometacin include

A
  • Abdominal pain, diarrhea, gastrointestinal hemorrhage and pancreatitis
  • Dizziness, confusion and depression
  • Trombocytopenia
49
Q

True or False. Ketoprofen is a propionic acid derivative that inhibits both cyclooxygenase (nonselectively) and lipoxygenase.

A

TRUE

50
Q

True or False. Ketorolac is an NSAID that is promoted for systemic use as an anti-inflammatory, not as an analgesic drug.

A

FALSE

51
Q

Which drugs is a 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOG) inhibitor?

A

Zileuton (Zyflo)

52
Q

Which drugs is a leucotreine D4 receptor (LTD4) blocker?

A

Zafirleukast (Accolate)

53
Q

Which drugs is a thromboxane A2 receptor (TXA2) antagonist?

A

Sulotroban

Pharmacology (41 decks)

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