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Pharmacology > CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC DRUGS - ANTIBIOTICS > Flashcards

CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC DRUGS - ANTIBIOTICS Flashcards

1
Q

What does the term “antibiotics” mean

A

Substances produced by some microorganisms and their synthetic analogues that selectively kill or inhibit
the growth of another microorganisms

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2
Q

General principles of anti-infective therapy are

A
  • Clinical judgment of microbiological factors
  • Definitive identification of a bacterial infection and the microorganism’s susceptibility
  • Optimal route of administration, dose, dosing frequency and duration of treatment
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3
Q

Minimal duration of antibacterial treatment usually is

A

Not less than 5 days

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4
Q

Rational anti-microbial combination is used to

A
  • Provide synergism when microorganisms are not effectively eradicated with a single agent alone
  • Provide broad coverage
  • Prevent the emergence of resistance
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5
Q

Mechanisms of bacterial resistance to anti-microbial agents are

A
  • Active transport out of a microorganism or/and hydrolysis of an agent via enzymes produced by a microorganism
  • Modification of a drug’s target
  • Reduced uptake by a microorganism
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6
Q

True or False. The statement, that some microorganisms can develop alternative metabolic pathways for rendering reactions inhibited by the drug

A

TRUE

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7
Q

Bactericidal effect is

A

Destroying of bacterial cells

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8
Q

Which roups of antibiotics demonstrates a bactericidal effect?

A

Penicillins

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9
Q

Bacteristatic effect is

A

Inhibition of bacterial cell division

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10
Q

Which groups of antibiotics demonstrates a bacteristatic effect

A

Macrolides

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11
Q

Which antibiotics contains a beta-lactam ring in their chemical structure

A
  • Penicillins
  • Cephalosporins
  • Carbapenems and monobactams
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12
Q

Drug belonging to antibiotics-macrolides

A

Erythromycin

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13
Q

Drug belonging to antibiotics-carbapenems

A

Imipinem

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14
Q

Drug belonging to antibiotics-monobactams

A

Aztreonam

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15
Q

Drug belongs to antibiotics-cephalosporins

A

Cefaclor

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16
Q

Drug belonging to lincozamides

A

Lincomycin

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17
Q

Drug belonging to antibiotics-tetracyclines

A

Doxycycline

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18
Q

Exemples of aminoglycosides

A
  • Gentamycin
  • Streptomycin
  • Neomycin
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19
Q

Drug belonging to nitrobenzene derivative

A

Chloramphenicol

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20
Q

Drug belonging to glycopeptides

A

Vancomycin

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21
Q

Antibiotics inhibiting the bacterial cell wall synthesis are

A

Beta-lactam antibiotics

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22
Q

Antibiotic inhibiting bacterial RNA synthesis is

A

Rifampin

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23
Q

Antibiotics altering permeability of cell membranes are

A

Polymyxins

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24
Q

All of the following antibiotics inhibit the protein synthesis in bacterial cells

A
  • Macrolides
  • Aminoglycosides
  • Tetracyclines
25
Q

Biosynthetic penicillins are effective against

A

Gram-positive and gram-negative cocci, Corynebacterium diphtheria, spirochetes, Clostridium gangrene

26
Q

Which drugs is a gastric acid resistant

A

Penicillin V

27
Q

Which drugs is penicillinase resistant

A

Oxacillin

28
Q

All of the following drugs demonstrate a prolonged effect

A
  • Procain penicillin
  • Bicillin-1
  • Bicillin-5
29
Q

Mechanism of penicillins’ antibacterial effect is

A

Inhibition of transpeptidation in the bacterial cell wall

30
Q

Beta-lactamase inhibitor for co-administration with penicillins

A
  • Clavulanic acid
  • Sulbactam
  • Tazobactam
31
Q

Cephalosporines are drugs of choice for treatment of

A

Gram-negative and gram-positive microorganism infections, if penicillins have no effect

32
Q

Carbapenems are effective against

A

Broad-spectum

33
Q

All of the following antibiotics are macrolides

A
  • Erythromycin
  • Clarithromycin
  • Roxythromycin
34
Q

Tetracyclins have following unwanted effects

A
  • Irritation of gastrointestinal mucosa, phototoxicity
  • Hepatotoxicity, anti-anabolic effect
  • Dental hypoplasia, bone deformities
35
Q

Drug belonging to antibiotics-aminoglycosides

A

Gentamycin

36
Q

Aminoglycosides are effective against

A

Broad-spectum, except anaerobic microorganisms and viruses

37
Q

Aminoglycosides have the following unwanted effects

A

Ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity

38
Q

Characteristics of chloramphenicol

A

Broad-spectum. Demonstrates a bactericidal effect.

39
Q

Chloramphenicol has the following unwanted effects

A

Pancytopenia

40
Q

Characteristics of lincozamides

A

Influence mainly the anaerobic organisms, Gram positive cocci.

41
Q

Lincozamides have the following unwanted effect

A

Pseudomembranous colitis

42
Q

Characteristics of vancomicin

A

It is a glycopeptide, inhibits cell wall synthesis and is active only against Gram-positive bacteria.

43
Q

Vancomicin has the following unwanted effects

A

“Red neck” syndrome, phlebitis

44
Q

Which drugs is used for systemic and deep mycotic infections treatment:

A

Amphotericin B

45
Q

Which drugs is used for dermatomycosis treatment

A

Griseofulvin

46
Q

Which drugs is used for candidiasis treatment

A

Myconazol

47
Q

The following antifungal drugs are antibiotics

A

Myconazol

48
Q

Mechanism of Amphotericin B action is

A

Alteration of cell membrane permeability

49
Q

Azoles have an antifungal effect because of

A

Reduction of ergosterol synthesis

50
Q

Which drugs alters permeability of Candida cell membranes

A

Nystatin

51
Q

Amfotericin B has the following unwanted effects

A

Renal impairment, anemia

52
Q

Drug belonging to antibiotics having a polyene structure

A

Nystatin

53
Q

The following drugs demonstrate a fungicidal effect

A
  • Terbinafin
  • Ketoconazole
  • Myconazol
54
Q

The following drug do not demonstrate a fungicidal effect

A

Amfotericin B

55
Q

Characteristics of polyenes are

A
  • Alter the structure and functions of cell membranes
  • Broad-spectrum
  • Nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity
56
Q

Characteristics of polyenes are not

A

Fungicidal effect

57
Q

Characteristics of Amfotericin B are

A
  • Used for systemic mycosis treatment
  • Poor absorption from the gastro-intestinal tract
  • Influences the permeability of fungus cell membrane
58
Q

Characteristics of Amfotericin B are not

A

Does not demonstrate nephrotoxicity

Pharmacology (41 decks)

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