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Pharmacology > CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC DRUGS - ANTIBIOTICS > Flashcards

CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC DRUGS - ANTIBIOTICS Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

What does the term “antibiotics” mean

A

Substances produced by some microorganisms and their synthetic analogues that selectively kill or inhibit
the growth of another microorganisms

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2
Q

General principles of anti-infective therapy are

A
  • Clinical judgment of microbiological factors
  • Definitive identification of a bacterial infection and the microorganism’s susceptibility
  • Optimal route of administration, dose, dosing frequency and duration of treatment
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3
Q

Minimal duration of antibacterial treatment usually is

A

Not less than 5 days

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4
Q

Rational anti-microbial combination is used to

A
  • Provide synergism when microorganisms are not effectively eradicated with a single agent alone
  • Provide broad coverage
  • Prevent the emergence of resistance
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5
Q

Mechanisms of bacterial resistance to anti-microbial agents are

A
  • Active transport out of a microorganism or/and hydrolysis of an agent via enzymes produced by a microorganism
  • Modification of a drug’s target
  • Reduced uptake by a microorganism
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6
Q

True or False. The statement, that some microorganisms can develop alternative metabolic pathways for rendering reactions inhibited by the drug

A

TRUE

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7
Q

Bactericidal effect is

A

Destroying of bacterial cells

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8
Q

Which roups of antibiotics demonstrates a bactericidal effect?

A

Penicillins

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9
Q

Bacteristatic effect is

A

Inhibition of bacterial cell division

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10
Q

Which groups of antibiotics demonstrates a bacteristatic effect

A

Macrolides

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11
Q

Which antibiotics contains a beta-lactam ring in their chemical structure

A
  • Penicillins
  • Cephalosporins
  • Carbapenems and monobactams
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12
Q

Drug belonging to antibiotics-macrolides

A

Erythromycin

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13
Q

Drug belonging to antibiotics-carbapenems

A

Imipinem

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14
Q

Drug belonging to antibiotics-monobactams

A

Aztreonam

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15
Q

Drug belongs to antibiotics-cephalosporins

A

Cefaclor

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16
Q

Drug belonging to lincozamides

A

Lincomycin

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17
Q

Drug belonging to antibiotics-tetracyclines

A

Doxycycline

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18
Q

Exemples of aminoglycosides

A
  • Gentamycin
  • Streptomycin
  • Neomycin
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19
Q

Drug belonging to nitrobenzene derivative

A

Chloramphenicol

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20
Q

Drug belonging to glycopeptides

A

Vancomycin

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21
Q

Antibiotics inhibiting the bacterial cell wall synthesis are

A

Beta-lactam antibiotics

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22
Q

Antibiotic inhibiting bacterial RNA synthesis is

A

Rifampin

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23
Q

Antibiotics altering permeability of cell membranes are

A

Polymyxins

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24
Q

All of the following antibiotics inhibit the protein synthesis in bacterial cells

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Macrolides
  • Aminoglycosides
  • Tetracyclines
25
Biosynthetic penicillins are effective against
Gram-positive and gram-negative cocci, Corynebacterium diphtheria, spirochetes, Clostridium gangrene
26
Which drugs is a gastric acid resistant
Penicillin V
27
Which drugs is penicillinase resistant
Oxacillin
28
All of the following drugs demonstrate a prolonged effect
- Procain penicillin - Bicillin-1 - Bicillin-5
29
Mechanism of penicillins’ antibacterial effect is
Inhibition of transpeptidation in the bacterial cell wall
30
Beta-lactamase inhibitor for co-administration with penicillins
- Clavulanic acid - Sulbactam - Tazobactam
31
Cephalosporines are drugs of choice for treatment of
Gram-negative and gram-positive microorganism infections, if penicillins have no effect
32
Carbapenems are effective against
Broad-spectum
33
All of the following antibiotics are macrolides
- Erythromycin - Clarithromycin - Roxythromycin
34
Tetracyclins have following unwanted effects
- Irritation of gastrointestinal mucosa, phototoxicity - Hepatotoxicity, anti-anabolic effect - Dental hypoplasia, bone deformities
35
Drug belonging to antibiotics-aminoglycosides
Gentamycin
36
Aminoglycosides are effective against
Broad-spectum, except anaerobic microorganisms and viruses
37
Aminoglycosides have the following unwanted effects
Ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity
38
Characteristics of chloramphenicol
Broad-spectum. Demonstrates a bactericidal effect.
39
Chloramphenicol has the following unwanted effects
Pancytopenia
40
Characteristics of lincozamides
Influence mainly the anaerobic organisms, Gram positive cocci.
41
Lincozamides have the following unwanted effect
Pseudomembranous colitis
42
Characteristics of vancomicin
It is a glycopeptide, inhibits cell wall synthesis and is active only against Gram-positive bacteria.
43
Vancomicin has the following unwanted effects
“Red neck” syndrome, phlebitis
44
Which drugs is used for systemic and deep mycotic infections treatment:
Amphotericin B
45
Which drugs is used for dermatomycosis treatment
Griseofulvin
46
Which drugs is used for candidiasis treatment
Myconazol
47
The following antifungal drugs are antibiotics
Myconazol
48
Mechanism of Amphotericin B action is
Alteration of cell membrane permeability
49
Azoles have an antifungal effect because of
Reduction of ergosterol synthesis
50
Which drugs alters permeability of Candida cell membranes
Nystatin
51
Amfotericin B has the following unwanted effects
Renal impairment, anemia
52
Drug belonging to antibiotics having a polyene structure
Nystatin
53
The following drugs demonstrate a fungicidal effect
- Terbinafin - Ketoconazole - Myconazol
54
The following drug do not demonstrate a fungicidal effect
Amfotericin B
55
Characteristics of polyenes are
- Alter the structure and functions of cell membranes - Broad-spectrum - Nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity
56
Characteristics of polyenes are not
Fungicidal effect
57
Characteristics of Amfotericin B are
- Used for systemic mycosis treatment - Poor absorption from the gastro-intestinal tract - Influences the permeability of fungus cell membrane
58
Characteristics of Amfotericin B are not
Does not demonstrate nephrotoxicity

Pharmacology (41 decks)

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