AGENTS, CONTROLLING THE FUNCTIONS OF THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM - Cholinomimetic drugs Flashcards
Acetylcholine is not a specific neurotransmitter at
Sympathetic postganglionic nerve endings
Acetylcholine is a specific neurotransmitter at
- Sympathetic ganglia
- Parasympathetic ganglia
- Parasympathetic postganglionic nerve endings
Muscarinic receptors are located in
Autonomic effector cells
Indicate the location of M2 cholinoreceptor type
Heart
The symptoms of mushroom poisoning include
- Salivation, lacrimation, nausea, vomiting
- Headache, abdominal colic
- Bradycardia, hypotension and shock
The symptoms of mushroom poisoning include all of the following EXCEPT
Dryness of mouth, hyperpyrexia, hallucination
Which cholinomimetics activates both muscarinic and nicotinic receptors?
Bethanechol
Indicate a cholinomimetic agent, which is related to direct-acting drugs
Carbachol
Characteristics of carbachol include
- It decreases intraocular pressure
- It exerts both nicotinic and muscarinic effects
- It is resistant to acethylcholiesterase
Characteristics of carbachol include all of the following EXCEPT
It causes mydriasis
Acetylcholine is not used in clinical practice because
It is very rapidly hydrolyzed.
Parasympathomimetic drugs cause
Bradycardia
Which direct-acting cholinomimetics is mainly muscarinic in action?
Bethanechol
Which direct-acting cholinomimetics has the shortest duration of action?
Acetylcholine
Bethanechol has all of the following properties
- It is extremely resistant to hydrolysis
- Purely muscarinic in its action
- It is used for abdominal urinary bladder distention
Bethanechol has all of the following properties EXCEPT
It exerts both nicotinic and muscarinic effects
A M-cholinimimetic agent is
Pilocarpine
Characteristics of pilocarpine include
- It is a tertiary amine alkaloid
- It causes miosis and a decrease in intraocular pressure
- It is useful in the treatment of glaucoma
Characteristics of pilocarpine include all of the following EXCEPT
Causes a decrease in secretory and motor activity of gut
Which cholinomimetics is a plant derivative with lower potency than nicotine but with a similar spectrum of action?
Lobeline
Which cholinomimetics is indirect-acting?
Edrophonium
The mechanism of action of indirect-acting cholinomimetic agents is
Inhibition of the hydrolysis of endogenous acetylcholine
Indicate a reversible cholinesterase inhibitor
Physostigmine
Which cholinesterase inhibitors is irreversible?
Isoflurophate
Indicate cholinesterase activator
Pralidoxime
Isofluorophate increases all of the following effects except
Bronchodilation
Isofluorophate increases all of the following effects
- Lacrimation
- Muscle twitching
- Salivation
Indicate a cholinesterase inhibitor, which has an additional direct nicotinic agonist effect
Neostigmine
Сholinesterase inhibitors do not produce
Dramatic hypertension and tachycardia
Сholinesterase inhibitors produce
- Bradycardia, no change or modest fall in blood pressure
- Increased strength of muscle contraction, especially in muscles weakened by myasthenia gravis
- Miosis and reduction of intraocular pressure
Which cholinomimetics is commonly used in the treatment of glaucoma?
Pilocarpine
Indicate the organophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor, which can be made up in an aqueous solution for ophthalmic use and retains its activity within a week:
Echothiophate
Which cholinomimetics is most widely used for paralytic ileus and atony of the urinary bladder?
Neostigmine
Chronic long-term therapy of myasthenia is usually accomplished with
Neostigmine
Which cholinomimetics is a drug of choice for reversing the effects of nondepolarizing neuromuscular relaxants?
Edrophonium
Indicate the reversible cholinesterase inhibitor, which penetrates the blood-brain bar
Physostigmine
Which cholinomimetics is used in the treatment of atropine intoxication?
Physostigmine
The symptoms of excessive stimulation of muscarinic receptors include
- Abdominal cramps, diarrhea
- Increased salivation, excessive bronchial secretion
- Miosis, bradycardia
The symptoms of excessive stimulation of muscarinic receptors include all of the following EXCEPT
Weakness of all skeletal muscles
The excessive stimulation of muscarinic receptors by pilocarpine and choline esters is blocked competitively by:
Atropine
The toxic effects of a large dose of nicotine include
- Convulsions, coma and respiratory arrest
- Skeletal muscle depolarization blockade and respiratory paralysis
- Hypertension and cardiac arrhythmias
The toxic effects of a large dose of nicotine include all of the following EXCEPT
Hypotension and bradycardia
The dominant initial sights of acute cholinesterase inhibitors intoxication include
- Salivation, sweating
- Bronchial constriction
- Vomiting and diarrhea
The dominant initial sights of acute cholinesterase inhibitors intoxication include all of the following except
Mydriasis
Which drugs is used for acute toxic effects of organophosphate cholinesterase inhibitors?
Pralidoxime
