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Pharmacology > METABOLIC PROFILE DRUGS - Mineralocorticoid, Mineralocorticoid Antagonists, Diuretics, Plasma Expanders > Flashcards

METABOLIC PROFILE DRUGS - Mineralocorticoid, Mineralocorticoid Antagonists, Diuretics, Plasma Expanders Flashcards

1
Q

Mineralocorticoid effects cause

A

Increased Na retension and К excretion

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2
Q

Which synthetic steroids shows predominantly mineralocorticoid action?

A

Fludrocortisone

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3
Q

The major mineralocorticoids are

A

Hydrocortisone

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4
Q

True or False about spironolactone. Spironolactone reverses many of the manifestations of aldosteronism

A

TRUE

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5
Q

True or False about spironolactone. Spironilactone is also an androgen antagonist and as such is used in the treatment of hirsutism in wormen

A

TRUE

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6
Q

True or False about spironolactone. Spironolactone is useful as a diuretic

A

TRUE

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7
Q

True or False about diuretics. Carbonic anhydrase inhibition leads to increased reabsorption of NaHCO3

A

FALSE

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8
Q

True or False about diuretics. Loop diuretics decrease Na+ reabsorption at the loop of Henle by competing for the Cl- site on the Na+/K+/2Clcotransporter

A

TRUE

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9
Q

True or False about diuretics. In general, the potency of a diuretic is determined by where it acts in the renal tubule

A

TRUE

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10
Q

True or False about diuretics. Hydrochlorothiazide decreases urinary calcium excretion

A

TRUE

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11
Q

The drug inhibits the ubiquitous enzyme carbonic anhydrase

A

Acetazolamide (Diamox)

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12
Q

The drug acts by competitively blocking NaCl cotransporters in the distal tubule

A

Hydrochlorothiazide (HydroDiuril)

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13
Q

The drug acts at the proximal tubule

A

Acetazolamide (Diamox)

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14
Q

The drug acts by competing with aldosterone for its cytosolic receptors

A

Spironolactone (Aldactone)

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15
Q

The drug is a potassium-sparing diuretic that blocks Na+ channels in the collecting tubules

A

Amiloride (Midamor)

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16
Q

Chronic use of this drug can lead to distal tubular hypertrophy, which may reduce its diuretic effect

A

Furosemide (Lasix)

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17
Q

The drug has a steroid-like structure which is responsible for its anti-androgenic effect

A

Spironolactone (Aldactone)

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18
Q

Sustained use of this drug results in increased plasma urate concentrations

A

Furosemide (Lasix)

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19
Q

The drug can be used to treat glaucoma

A

Acetazolamide (Diamox)

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20
Q

The drug can cause ototoxicity

A

Furosemide (Lasix)

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21
Q

The drug acts only on the lumenal side of renal tubules

A

Furosemide (Lasix)

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22
Q

The drug can promote sodium loss in patients with low (e.g., 40 ml/min) glomerular filtration rates

A

Furosemide (Lasix)

23
Q

The drug can be used to treat nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

A

Hydrochlorothiazide (HydroDiuril)

24
Q

The drug is sometimes part of fixed-dose combinations used to treat essential hypertension

A
  • Hydrochlorothiazide (HydroDiuril)

- Amiloride (Midamor)

25
Q

The drug should never be administered to patients taking potassium supplements

A

Amiloride (Midamor)

26
Q

The drug decreases calcium excretion in urine

A

Hydrochlorothiazide (HydroDiuril)

27
Q

The drug acts by competitively blocking the Na+/K+/2Cl- cotransporter

A

Loop diuretics

28
Q

The drug acts at the proximal tubule

A

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

29
Q

The drug acts in the distal convoluted tubule

A

Thiazide diuretics

30
Q

The drug acts in the collecting tubules

A

Potassium-sparing diuretics

31
Q

The drug is the most potent diuretic

A

Loop diuretics

32
Q

The drug acts by competitively blocking the NaCl cotransporter

A

Thiazide diuretics

33
Q

The drug inhibits sodium and chloride transport in the cortical thick ascending limb and the early distal tubule

A

Hydrochlorothiazide (Hydrodiuril)

34
Q

The drug can cause ototoxicity

A

Furosemide (Lasix)

35
Q

The drug blocks the sodium/potassium/chloride cotransporter in the thick ascending loop of Henle

A

Furosemide (Lasix)

36
Q

The drug is one of the most potent diuretics

A

Furosemide (Lasix)

37
Q

The drug is usually given in combination with a thiazide diuretic

A

Amiloride (Midamor)

38
Q

True or False about diuretics. Furosemide (Lasix) can increase the likelihood of digitalis toxicity

A

TRUE

39
Q

True or False about diuretics. Chlorthalidone (Hygroton) can decrease the excretion of lithium

A

TRUE

40
Q

True or False about diuretics. Ibuprofen can increase the antihypertensive effect of chlorthalidone

A

FALSE

41
Q

True or False about diuretics. Chlorthalidone has a longer duration of action than furosemide

A

TRUE

42
Q

The drug is the least potent diuretic

A

Potassium-sparing diuretics

43
Q

These agents must be given parenterally because they are not absorbed when given orally

A

Osmotic diuretics

44
Q

These drugs may be used in the treatment of recurrent calcium nephrolithiasis

A

Loop diuretics

45
Q

Furosemide (Lasix) acts at this nephron site

A

Ascending thick limb of the loop of Henle

46
Q

Metolazone (Mykrox) acts at this nephron site

A

Distal convoluted tubule

47
Q

Acetazolamide (Diamox) acts at this nephron site

A

Proximal convoluted tubule

48
Q

Spironolactone (Aldactone) acts at this nephron site

A

Collecting duct

49
Q

Amiloride (Midamone) acts at this nephron site

A

Collecting duct

50
Q

The drug competitively blocks chloride channels and prevents movement of sodium, potassium, and chloride into the renal tubular cells

A

Furosemide (Lasix)

51
Q

The drug acts by affecting the tubular fluid composition in a non-receptor mediated fashion

A

Mannitol (Osmitrol)

52
Q

The drug is a blood substitute having haemodynamical activity

A

Polyglucinum

53
Q

This drug is a desintoxicative plasma substitute

A

Haemodesum

54
Q

This drug is a controller of water-salt and acid-basic state

A

“Disolum”, “Trisolum”

Pharmacology (41 decks)

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