METABOLIC PROFILE DRUGS - Mineralocorticoid, Mineralocorticoid Antagonists, Diuretics, Plasma Expanders

Question 1

Mineralocorticoid effects cause

Answer 1

Increased Na retension and К excretion

Question 2

Which synthetic steroids shows predominantly mineralocorticoid action?

Answer 2

Fludrocortisone

Question 3

The major mineralocorticoids are

Answer 3

Hydrocortisone

Question 4

True or False about spironolactone. Spironolactone reverses many of the manifestations of aldosteronism

Answer 4

TRUE

Question 5

True or False about spironolactone. Spironilactone is also an androgen antagonist and as such is used in the treatment of hirsutism in wormen

Answer 5

TRUE

Question 6

True or False about spironolactone. Spironolactone is useful as a diuretic

Answer 6

TRUE

Question 7

True or False about diuretics. Carbonic anhydrase inhibition leads to increased reabsorption of NaHCO3

Answer 7

FALSE

Question 8

True or False about diuretics. Loop diuretics decrease Na+ reabsorption at the loop of Henle by competing for the Cl- site on the Na+/K+/2Clcotransporter

Answer 8

TRUE

Question 9

True or False about diuretics. In general, the potency of a diuretic is determined by where it acts in the renal tubule

Answer 9

TRUE

Question 10

True or False about diuretics. Hydrochlorothiazide decreases urinary calcium excretion

Answer 10

TRUE

Question 11

The drug inhibits the ubiquitous enzyme carbonic anhydrase

Answer 11

Acetazolamide (Diamox)

Question 12

The drug acts by competitively blocking NaCl cotransporters in the distal tubule

Answer 12

Hydrochlorothiazide (HydroDiuril)

Question 13

The drug acts at the proximal tubule

Answer 13

Acetazolamide (Diamox)

Question 14

The drug acts by competing with aldosterone for its cytosolic receptors

Answer 14

Spironolactone (Aldactone)

Question 15

The drug is a potassium-sparing diuretic that blocks Na+ channels in the collecting tubules

Answer 15

Amiloride (Midamor)

Question 16

Chronic use of this drug can lead to distal tubular hypertrophy, which may reduce its diuretic effect

Answer 16

Furosemide (Lasix)

Question 17

The drug has a steroid-like structure which is responsible for its anti-androgenic effect

Answer 17

Spironolactone (Aldactone)

Question 18

Sustained use of this drug results in increased plasma urate concentrations

Answer 18

Furosemide (Lasix)

Question 19

The drug can be used to treat glaucoma

Answer 19

Acetazolamide (Diamox)

Question 20

The drug can cause ototoxicity

Answer 20

Furosemide (Lasix)

Question 21

The drug acts only on the lumenal side of renal tubules

Answer 21

Furosemide (Lasix)

Question 22

The drug can promote sodium loss in patients with low (e.g., 40 ml/min) glomerular filtration rates

Answer 22

Furosemide (Lasix)

Question 23

The drug can be used to treat nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

Answer 23

Hydrochlorothiazide (HydroDiuril)

Question 24

The drug is sometimes part of fixed-dose combinations used to treat essential hypertension

Answer 24

• Hydrochlorothiazide (HydroDiuril)

- Amiloride (Midamor)

Question 25

The drug should never be administered to patients taking potassium supplements

Answer 25

Amiloride (Midamor)

Question 26

The drug decreases calcium excretion in urine

Answer 26

Hydrochlorothiazide (HydroDiuril)

Question 27

The drug acts by competitively blocking the Na+/K+/2Cl- cotransporter

Answer 27

Loop diuretics

Question 28

The drug acts at the proximal tubule

Answer 28

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

Question 29

The drug acts in the distal convoluted tubule

Answer 29

Thiazide diuretics

Question 30

The drug acts in the collecting tubules

Answer 30

Potassium-sparing diuretics

Question 31

The drug is the most potent diuretic

Answer 31

Loop diuretics

Question 32

The drug acts by competitively blocking the NaCl cotransporter

Answer 32

Thiazide diuretics

Question 33

The drug inhibits sodium and chloride transport in the cortical thick ascending limb and the early distal tubule

Answer 33

Hydrochlorothiazide (Hydrodiuril)

Question 34

The drug can cause ototoxicity

Answer 34

Furosemide (Lasix)

Question 35

The drug blocks the sodium/potassium/chloride cotransporter in the thick ascending loop of Henle

Answer 35

Furosemide (Lasix)

Question 36

The drug is one of the most potent diuretics

Answer 36

Furosemide (Lasix)

Question 37

The drug is usually given in combination with a thiazide diuretic

Answer 37

Amiloride (Midamor)

Question 38

True or False about diuretics. Furosemide (Lasix) can increase the likelihood of digitalis toxicity

Answer 38

TRUE

Question 39

True or False about diuretics. Chlorthalidone (Hygroton) can decrease the excretion of lithium

Answer 39

TRUE

Question 40

True or False about diuretics. Ibuprofen can increase the antihypertensive effect of chlorthalidone

Answer 40

FALSE

Question 41

True or False about diuretics. Chlorthalidone has a longer duration of action than furosemide

Answer 41

TRUE

Question 42

The drug is the least potent diuretic

Answer 42

Potassium-sparing diuretics

Question 43

These agents must be given parenterally because they are not absorbed when given orally

Answer 43

Osmotic diuretics

Question 44

These drugs may be used in the treatment of recurrent calcium nephrolithiasis

Answer 44

Loop diuretics

Question 45

Furosemide (Lasix) acts at this nephron site

Answer 45

Ascending thick limb of the loop of Henle

Question 46

Metolazone (Mykrox) acts at this nephron site

Answer 46

Distal convoluted tubule

Question 47

Acetazolamide (Diamox) acts at this nephron site

Answer 47

Proximal convoluted tubule

Question 48

Spironolactone (Aldactone) acts at this nephron site

Answer 48

Collecting duct

Question 49

Amiloride (Midamone) acts at this nephron site

Answer 49

Collecting duct

Question 50

The drug competitively blocks chloride channels and prevents movement of sodium, potassium, and chloride into the renal tubular cells

Answer 50

Furosemide (Lasix)

Question 51

The drug acts by affecting the tubular fluid composition in a non-receptor mediated fashion

Answer 51

Mannitol (Osmitrol)

Question 52

The drug is a blood substitute having haemodynamical activity

Answer 52

Polyglucinum

Question 53

This drug is a desintoxicative plasma substitute

Answer 53

Haemodesum

Question 54

This drug is a controller of water-salt and acid-basic state

Answer 54

"Disolum", "Trisolum"